Chapter 886: Restructuring (Part 2)
In Chenliu, there were many noble families, both large and small, such as the Bian family, the Dong family, the Wang family, the Wu family, etc., each with their own land tribes.
Among them, the Bian family suffered the most decline. After Cao Cao killed Bian Rang, the family declined.
But after all, the bones and tendons among the nobles were broken. Bian Rang's grandson Yu Song was appointed as an aide by Sima Yi in his early twenties, and he went to Liaodong and was later appointed as a minister.
When Sima Shi was in charge, Yu Song was his chief clerk, and he eventually died as the Secretary of the Order of Cao Wei and the Chief Secretary of Agriculture.
The Chen Liuyu family actually started their business through the Sima family, and they can be regarded as hardcore Sima family members.
With such hard work, I don't know if Cao Cao had the factor of killing his grandfather and giving way to him - the aristocratic families had woven a dense network, and even Cao Cao's ability could not eradicate the roots.
The Yu family calls themselves the Chenliu family. In fact, in today's administrative divisions, Donghun City, where their family is located, has been included in Jiyang County. It was under the jurisdiction of Waihuang County during the first emperor's time, and later Jiyang County. Today, Donghun City It is a residence of Longxiang Mansion.
Therefore, the Chenliu Yu family should now be called the Jiyang Yu family.
Sima Rui's first wife, Yu Mengmu, was born in the Yu family of Jiyang. She died of illness in the sixth year of Yongjia (312), shortly after the southern crossing, at the age of thirty-five. She must have been unaccustomed to the climate and climate after going to Jianye. Not the environment.
For such a family, even though one or two children work as low-level staff in the General's Mansion, it is not surprising that they rebelled. After all, the family is a big one, and it is impossible for everyone to think the same way. Sometimes when a few main family members get angry, they may coerce others into making irrational decisions.
But Liu Bi, the prefect of Chenliu, decided to give them a chance and asked the children of the Dong, Bian, and Wang families to enter the manor to persuade them, while the recruited Ding Zhuang formed an array outside.
While waiting, Liu Mi also chatted with Liang Guotian Cao Lingshi Chu Pei.
Chu Pei was the younger brother of Chu Hui, the governor of Yuzhou. He was born in the Chu family of Yangdi. He joined the King of Liang very early and was highly trusted.
There are rumors in Pingyang that Chu Hui may soon be transferred to serve as a senior official with real power in preparation for succeeding Yu Chen, because the latter's health is not good.
"I heard that the king wants to change the tax system, will Yuzhou change it?" Liu Mi asked.
In fact, he didn't want to ask Yuzhou, but wanted to find out how Jizhou was doing. According to the news currently circulating, the new tax system should only be implemented in the 20 counties of Liang State. Outside the 20 counties, donations should still be distributed according to the old method. However, the news was relatively mixed and not always accurate. He wanted to know.
"Yuzhou has not received the news." Chu Pei did not hide it: "My brother has lived in Xiangcheng for several years and has repeatedly cleared the household registration in Xiangcheng County, but there has been no movement in the four counties of Yingchuan, Qiao, Pei, and Lu. If you want to To implement the new system in Yuzhou, we must first cultivate the land. ”
Liu Bi thought the same way, and after hearing Chu Su's words, he felt reassured.
To be honest, even if he loves King Liang, he doesn't want to see the land transfer matter carried out in a big way.
Everyone can accept this in the twenty counties of Liang State. Many Liang scholars went to purchase land and properties outside the twenty counties just to make up for their losses.
It would really hurt if I served it in one pot again.
"Since you are in Tiancao, do you know the tax collection laws?" Liu Bi asked.
"Mr. Liu, I have only been in Tiancao for a few months." Chu Pei said with a bitter smile: "I only heard that the tax system is half new and half old, and half old and new."
"Tell me and listen." Liu Mi said.
"Field rent is at least one dou of grain per mu, and is levied on a household basis." Chu Pei said: "In the country, there are main households, sub-district households, etc., and I heard that in the new system, households will also be divided into upper, middle and lower classes. Upper-class households It is not known whether households in the middle or lower classes are collected according to fifty acres. However, there are also rumors that the household registration in the counties is not divided into three classes. Perhaps it will only be collected according to the household in the short term, and it will not be changed until the world is settled. "
"Is this happening?" Liu Bi asked in surprise.
"Yes." Chu Pe said: "The eldest son of the king, Zhang, has been trying it in Shanglin Garden for more than half a year."
Liu Bin snorted, but it was actually similar to the old tax system of the imperial dynasty that had never been implemented.
He made a rough calculation and found that Chenliu County currently has more than 67,000 households and more than 336,000 people, with an average of five people per household.
If it is divided into third-class households, the impression is that most of them are above-class households.
If there is no grading, after excluding the government soldiers, there are less than 10,000 households, and the remaining tax is levied on a per-household basis, which is less than 290,000 dendrobium at a time. The tax burden is actually very light, about thirty taxes per one.
"However, someone else mentioned that today's three-crop system is two years, which is different from the one-crop year in the Han and Wei Dynasties. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the land rent per mu, but collect it once more, that is, a summer tax will be levied after the summer grain harvest, and a summer tax will be levied after the autumn grain harvest. Then the autumn tax can be levied. The summer and autumn taxes can also be collected together. "Chu Pei said again: "But the king rejected it and thought the tax burden was too heavy."
Liu Mi nodded lightly.
"This is the land rent." Chu Pei said: "The household transfers three bolts of silk and three pounds of cotton. This is also the old system of the country. Those who transport cloth add one-fifth and three pounds of linen. This is the new system."
Under the new system, it was taken into account that some places did not produce silk, so cloth of various colors could be used to offset the cost. The price was one-fifth more, that is, the original three pieces of silk became three pieces and 24 feet of cloth.
"There is something else. Each household has one ding, and twenty days of hard labor per year can be paid with silk. Three feet per day, and sixty feet (1.5 horses) can be exempted from this hard labor."
"In addition to the mediocre rent, there is also a land tax and a special tax of two liters of grain per mu, which is used as a charity warehouse for relief purposes."
After Chu Pei finished speaking, Liu Bi did a quick mental calculation.
The annual tax expenditure of an ordinary household is: six bushels of grain, four and a half bolts of silk, and three pounds of cotton.
In addition to taxes, there are also expenditures, and this is actually the biggest one.
For a family of five, it would take more than 60 hu of grain to save food for a year. This is the lowest figure after taking into account a large amount of wild vegetables, fruits and vegetables, and cow and goat milk. In fact, it is not very full. If you want to be full, Add another 30 hu. Four liters of seeds are used per acre, and 20 huks of dendrobium seeds are needed for 50 acres.
Expenses such as clothes, shoes, headscarves, etc., one set every two to three years, averaging about one piece of cloth per year.
The average annual expenditure for collective activities of the village community, such as community day festivals, is two to three grains.
The expenditure on daily necessities is tentatively considered to be offset by the income from family breeding and farm work outside the country.
All in all, a household spends at least 90-120 dendrobium of grain, five and a half bolts of silk, and three pounds of cotton and linen every year.
What about income?
Assuming 50 acres of land, the harvest of millet and wheat is three bushels of dendrobium per mu, and the harvest of grains is one and a half bushels per mu. Under the three-crop system of two years, approximately 188 bushels of grains and beans will be harvested every year.
Of the five acres of garden, half an acre is used as a residence and four acres are planted with mulberry trees, which can produce three bolts of silk.
It's not difficult to get three kilograms of cotton, which are all scraps of silk and the like, but there's still two and a half pieces left of silk. Calculating that one and a half pieces of silk can be produced from two acres of mulberry forest, there is still three or four acres of land left.
In fact, this is not difficult to solve, because only eight mulberry trees can be planted in one acre of land, and that is because they cannot be too dense. Mulberry trees can also be planted on small broken plots in fields and around ponds.
If that doesn't work, just get two more acres of land. Moreover, in the acres of land where mulberry trees are planted, beans, fruits, vegetables, etc. can be interplanted under the mulberry trees. This is also a source of income.
In addition, the King of Liang first gathered the refugees after the drought and locust plague in Chen County, and finally gave each household thirty acres of land. There were at most two or three people in each household, or even a single household, and thirty acres was barely enough. After all, there were few people, and there were not many taxes collected at that time.
Later, when the number of people increased, each household was given double the land, and the tax was only based on fifty acres. The extra ten acres were not taxed. As long as they could plant, they could harvest it all. These ten acres of land could be used to plant mulberry trees. Plant fruit trees.
Furthermore, nowadays, the land is vast, sparsely populated, and there is a lot of wasteland. The income from family breeding is actually not low. Liu Bi feels that it is too exaggerated to offset it with the expenditure on daily necessities. In fact, there is a lot left over.
What to do with this leftover?
In fact, farmers have other expenses. For example, when my son grows up and needs to build a house, or the family house needs to be repaired, is this an expense?
For example, if you want to buy a cattle, assuming that one cattle can be used for ten years, even if it is spread evenly every year, it will cost about the same as a bolt of silk.
For example, paying tribute to temples and Taoist temples, or occasionally eating meat, drinking alcohol, and traveling are all expenses.
Generally speaking, if there were no disasters, Tian Shefu's life would be manageable, with a surplus of dozens of bushels of grain and several bolts of silk every year.
In ancient times, if you farmed for three years, you would have a surplus in one year. Now, if you farm for two years, you will have a surplus in one year.
But it is impossible not to cause disasters. Small disasters are also disasters. Even if the harvest does not stop, a certain degree of production reduction is very likely.
But what can I say, life is getting through.
Before the sixty acres of public wasteland were divided up by the growing population, farmers could persevere and even live well as long as the disaster was not severe enough to end the harvest.
Oh, by the way, there is also corvée - there is no way to talk about this, especially during the war years.
Taxes are actually not a big burden for a family, but corvée is really harmful.
Thinking of this, Liu Bi sighed.
This is the main reason why many people oppose the war.
The general Gongqing defeated the enemy and left a mark in the history books. Later generations praised him greatly because they did not need to bear the pain of the current generation.
But including Liu Bi himself, they are the people of the world.
"Mr. Liu Fu..." Just as he was sighing, the gate of the manor in front opened, and the Yu clan came out crying.
Liu Mi straightened his robe, stepped forward, and said angrily: "Tell me, what kind of thing have you done? Hey, Mr. Yu, this is..."
"My father was so angry that he died of fear." Someone cried bitterly.
"Alas!" Liu Bi sighed, not knowing what to say.
Guerrilla General Shao Shen and Zuo Army General Chang Can looked at each other and sighed, but the reason for their lament was very different from Liu Bi.
Mr. Yu is really amazingly stupid!
If you resist to the end, we will look up to you and praise you as a good man. But why did you surrender halfway?
The brothers came from afar and had no merit in battle, so they could share some extravagant wealth.
"Pack some belongings and prepare to go north to Kelan." Liu Bi said with a serious look on his face.
According to the order, the army surrendered, the offender's family was exiled, and the fields were returned to the state. Half of the free money was used to reward the soldiers who went to war, and the other half was used as expenses for the county government.
The Zhuangke Buqu has a clear plan and is compiled into a service household, which can be used as a Fubing Buqu in the future.
The Yu family, which had been rooted in Jiyang for several generations, was completely defeated except for two officials working in the shogunate.
It can be seen from this that Liang Guotian is an iron law and has no mercy.
It is very clear that the new tax system can only be implemented after the land is cultivated.
(End of chapter)