Chapter 400 Technology itself is not surprising
"But it does not mean that the ground simulation step is 60 points. Every wrong simulation step can get 60 points. Many times the ground simulation step is 0 points, and there are many explosions during the launch process.
So there is never a standard answer to this question. "Chen Yuanguang said.
In the video screen, the Changkong was already approaching the Guangjia.
"The docking should be completed very quickly, because the Guangjia itself is an autonomous driving technology.
To be precise, more and more docking is done automatically now, but this is considered a docking for us. "Chen Yuanguang said.
"As for space vehicle docking, we just talked about various standards, including Amerikan's attempts on the Gemini spacecraft.
Amerikan was the first country to start trying space docking, and Mao was the first country to start trying automatic docking.
What everyone knows is that they were engaged in the space race at that time, vying to be the first to successfully land on the moon.
Under such a premise, both Da Mao's Soyuz 1 and Amerikan's Apollo 1 experienced tragic failures. The former crashed directly due to a parachute failure during landing, and the latter even crashed during launch. A fire broke out during the testing phase.
All the astronauts on both crafts were killed.
Under this premise, Da Mao began to think about whether there was any way to allow the aircraft to dock automatically, which meant complete automation.
They finally succeeded in 1967 and completed a fully automatic docking 172 kilometers from the earth.
We mentioned earlier that there are international standards. Our country’s earliest docking between Shenzhou 8 and Tiangong 1 space station used APAS standards.
It is also considered one of the most mainstream standards in the world.
Therefore, in the future when Tiangong is opened to the outside world, aircraft from most countries can complete docking under this docking standard and enter Tiangong.
Having just said so much, it seems that all the above mentioned are the contributions made by Amerikan and Damao in the aerospace field, but China also has its own contributions in space docking.
At that time, the Chang'e-5 ascender completed ignition and took off on the moon, and then successfully completed automatic rendezvous and docking with the orbiter and returner assembly in the lunar orbit, and successfully transferred the lunar soil sample container to the returner.
This incident itself is not only the first time that humans have achieved unmanned rendezvous and docking of a lunar orbiting spacecraft, but it also uses a brand-new docking standard"
“I always feel sleepy when listening to the teacher’s lectures in class, and I enjoy listening to Guangshen’s lectures in the live broadcast room”
"American and Maozi are still too powerful. They had such technology sixty years ago. No wonder they would be dissatisfied with the current situation. I would definitely be dissatisfied if it were me."
Lin Jia added: "This time we have gone a step further. Previously, the new standard of China Aerospace was only used in our country. It was not promoted globally because it is difficult to unify the standards for aircraft docking in various countries.
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Da Mao and Amerikan had a time advantage. At that time, they were the only two players in the world, so it was easy for them to turn their own standards into international standards by pushing forward on their own.
But the countries that can complete space docking now are far different from those in that era, so it is very difficult for new standards to be recognized internationally and become one of the universal standards in the world.
But this time the new standard we formulated has successfully become an international standard. Future deep space space stations will adopt this standard and build berthing cabins that meet this standard. ”
The main reason is that Guangjia Aerospace has done too much work, and any other company would be enough to publicize it as an achievement.
In the live broadcast, the Changkong was slowly approaching the Guangjia space station.
Chinese netizens in the live broadcast room were very excited because volume is the most intuitive thing.
When the Changkong went to the International Space Station to carry out rescue operations, it could be clearly felt that the Changkong was about the same size as the module of the International Space Station.
Compared with the cabin of the Guangjia, the Changkong is obviously smaller.
This is still the case when there is a distance, and it can be seen as a smaller circle. If there is no distance, it will be fine.
"I didn't feel it before, but now I feel that Guangjia is so handsome."
"I'm not afraid of not knowing the goods, but I'm afraid of comparing goods. Compared with the Guangjia, I feel that the International Space Station looks very shabby."
"This volume comparison is so intuitive. If you want to replace a reporter from the official media, you will definitely be photographed in a lump."
"Are you going to land on an extended platform? Why is such a large platform not flat, but a bit bumpy?"
Chen Yuanguang saw the barrage and said, "I saw a barrage asking, yes, the platform is specially designed for landing aircraft.
All types of aircraft can land on the platform. After landing, it will be retracted and started to carry out various tasks, such as coating, refueling, etc., as we mentioned, all need to be retracted.
Some viewers here asked why it is not a flat surface. In fact, we also want to design it to be a flat surface, so that when there is no aircraft landing, it can install some solar components and play a charging role.
But no, because there are international standards for docking or parking of aerospace aircraft.
When docking through the airlock module before, the standard was APAS-75, a standard established when the Apollo-Soyuz space station docked in 1975.
In 2000, a new set of standards, APAS-95, was withdrawn. In previous years, it was the docking station standard.
When we were building the GuangA, we also communicated with the space agencies of various countries and worked hard for at least two years to formulate this standard before finally finalizing APAS-2026.
So we call this thing that looks like a platform a dock. This is also the first time that the Chinese have formulated standards for spacecraft docking. In the future, all aircraft must comply with the APAS-2026 standard.
Of course, some people will say, I may have manufactured an aircraft before the standard was established, how can I comply with this standard?
And before, there was the Guangjia, the International Space Station, and the Tiangong. With so many space stations, the standards should be different. So which standard should I use?
Let me talk about it here, whichever space station you want to go to will use the standards of that space station.
For example, I may have designed the aircraft for the International Space Station's APAS-95. Then I don't need to modify it when I go to the International Space Station. I can go directly. But if I want to go to the Guangjia Space Station, then I will install an adapter device. .
Just like when you travel from China to Europe, in addition to bringing a charger, you also have to bring a charger adapter. The underlying logic is the same. ”
At this time, the foreign astronauts on the Changkong and the Chinese astronauts had already entered the Guangjia.
After arriving safely on the Guangjia, it can be said that the life and death crisis has been resolved. After replenishing energy and completing the painting, we can go back.
All the foreign astronauts who were originally in their positions were eager to go to the front cockpit to view the inside of the Guangjia port module through the camera.
"Thomas, it's your turn to appear." The other astronauts looked at Thomas. Because only Thomas here can speak a little Chinese, and the others can only say hello in Chinese.
The Chinese astronaut responsible for driving the Changkong doesn't know whether he really doesn't understand English or is pretending not to understand English. If you talk to him in English, he will pretend that he doesn't understand.
"Thomas, let me tell you that now is the time to eat and go to the bathroom. If there is a need, please solve it as soon as possible. We will return to Earth after completing the refueling and coating." After Wang Xudong walked out, he faced Thomas Said, let him convey the meaning to the other astronauts.
"Wang, can we take a look inside?" Thomas said sincerely, his eyes full of sincerity.
Wang Xudong shook his head: "No, our most important task this time is to bring you back safely, not to visit the Guangjia."
Thomas said: "I just came here. In the words of you Chinese people, I came when I asked."
"France has a cabin on the Guangjia. You will have many opportunities to come and go with us in the future." Wang Xudong knew very well what Thomas and the other astronauts meant.
I just want to visit and get as much information as possible about the Guangjia.
Thomas understood the subtext of Wang Xudong's words immediately.
The French will have many opportunities to visit the Guangjia in the future, so why are they anxious? It’s the astronauts from other countries who should be anxious.
France has a stake in the Guangjia, so we should be on the same front.
The other astronauts felt a little regretful after hearing this, and Megan was even more anxious: "Didn't you tell him that this was a rare opportunity?
Are we just going to sit here and wait for the Guangjia to fill up with fossil fuel and then leave?
This would be such a waste of such a long journey. ”
Thomas said directly: "Yes, that's what they plan to do. This is a plan made by the Chinese.
You know, their astronauts have to listen to the command center on the ground and they don't have a lot of autonomy. ”
The astronauts sitting in the Changkong can't see the outside scene, and they don't know how the work is done. They can't even hear the sound of material spraying because there is no air in the port.
You can only vaguely feel the fuselage shaking slightly.
On the contrary, viewers watching the live broadcast can see the entire spraying process clearly from the images transmitted from the internal camera of the Guangjia.
The Changkong was parked inside the port of the Guangjia, surrounded by huge mechanical arms. The nozzles on the mechanical arms were operating, and one could intuitively feel that a thin layer of white substance began to appear on the surface of the entire Changkong.
"I'm not sure how much the audience knows about thermal insulation spraying," Chen Yuanguang said.
Lin Jia said helplessly: "You must not understand it at all. You treat the audience as beginners who have no understanding of this matter."
"Okay, then I need to explain first that any aircraft needs to have a heat-insulating design. Because of the friction caused by the fast flying speed and air, your surface temperature will start to soar.
This is especially true for space vehicles that need to leave and return to Earth.
Therefore, space vehicles often have a dedicated thermal protection system. The thermal protection system is not only the thermal insulation layer, but also requires good thermal insulation effect inside, because there is a large amount of fossil fuel inside. If heat is transferred from the surface Once inside, it will explode with a boom.
The matter of applying a heat insulation layer to the surface of a spacecraft through automated equipment is also not something that Guangjia Aerospace has completely thought of.
It is easy to think of this matter. Amerikan and Da Mao have tried it before.
Even NASA succeeded.
They designed an automatic spraying system called PARSystems, but instead of spraying a thermal insulation layer on the surface, they sprayed a thermal insulation layer on the rocket's fuel tank.
(Liquid hydrogen tank that has just been sprayed by PARsystem)
NASA uses this automatic spraying system to significantly shorten the process that used to take months to just a few days.
To be more precise, they reduced the 12 weeks to 1 week
But NASA's automatic spraying system sprays fuel tanks, and most fuel tanks are cylindrical.
From a geometric point of view, the structure is simple.
No matter how huge it is, its structure is very simple.
Like the rocket liquid hydrogen tank that PAR was mainly used for in the past, it is a huge cylinder with a diameter of more than 27 feet and a length of more than 200 feet.
What they then spray on is a special foam material that has two main different types of foam in it, and then an automated system inside PAR precisely meters these ingredients to mix the thermal protection material to the exact ratio.
In principle, our automatic spraying equipment is similar to everyone's. The automatic spraying robot arm completes the production of insulation materials according to the ingredient ratio. The essence is the same.
It's just that we are much more complicated. Our spraying device can adapt to aircraft of all sizes.
Whether you are a spacecraft, aerospace plane or a possible UFO in the future, the spraying device on the Guangjia can add a layer of heat insulation to your surface.
There is no size limit.
Another very important point is the selection of thermal insulation materials. Our choice of thermal insulation materials is composite materials.
It mainly uses high-temperature resistant resin combined with inorganic fillers such as silica and mica powder, as well as some sublimated substances of selenium oxide and mercury sulfide, to make heat-insulating coatings.
However, during the emission process of these coatings, the sublimated substances will be volatilized by heat, and the remaining resin will form a microporous carbonized layer.
In other words, after the Changkong spacecraft returns to Earth, there will be an ugly black substance on the surface, which is the trace left after the heat insulation layer is consumed.
Don't worry, it can be cleaned off.
The reason for adopting such a design is more professional because many of the materials in it can be obtained on the moon.
In other words, in the future, the insulation materials on the Guangjia will not need to be obtained from the earth. After all, the distance between the earth and the 320,000 kilometers will make the things we transport there more valuable.
We plan to mine and process raw materials directly from the lunar surface, and then apply them directly on the Guangjia as one of the heat-insulating coatings.
The fundamental reason for such a concept is to use existing resources in space as much as possible and reduce dependence on earth resources as much as possible. ”
(End of chapter)