Chapter 747 Market exchange for technology? Peaches cannot grow on pear trees
Wang Chonggu highly admired the theory of contradiction. Although he himself was an admirer of authoritarianism, he hoped to establish a complete bottom-up supervision system in official factories, contradicting the It is only through repeated conflicts that conflicts can be reconciled. When old conflicts are resolved, new ones will emerge. Only relying on top-down wisdom cannot last long.
But the first exploration ended in failure.
Wang Chonggu looked a little lonely. This failure was a big blow to Wang Chonggu. He showed a conservative side in his system exploration. The people he selected were all old people in the factory. More than 30,000 craftsmen did not build tall buildings out of thin air, but gathered little by little. Today's huge industry of 400,000 people was originally an empty land.
At the end, he gave these seventy-four organized gamblers twenty silver, and they were entitled to settle down. After all, they had not left the factory and settled the accounts, which was considered an attempted crime. Otherwise, the lawsuit would have been brought to the Shuntian Prefecture Yamen and the court. There's going to be some trouble again.
"Sometimes, people will go their separate ways while walking." Zhu Yijun walked up. He originally came to see the excitement, but instead of seeing the excitement, he saw a lose-lose in the process of system exploration. Wang Chonggu's system exploration failed. , the craftsmen were expelled from the official factory.
The labor remuneration in Guanchang is not too high, but the benefit of children being able to attend the third-level schools in Guanchang is rare in the world.
There is not much that Zhu Yijun can do. He can only be relieved. Even though the Great Light Sect has repeatedly rendered the emperor as the incarnation of wisdom, and even though the identity of the Ming Emperor itself has the divinity of destiny, but Zhu Yijun never regarded himself as an omniscient and omnipotent god.
He has some methods for exploring the system of the official factory, but if he interferes, it will be counterproductive. On the way of exploration, many experiences are bloody lessons. If you don’t experience them, you will still repeat them in the future.
On the way forward, there is no way to avoid every pit.
"Young Master Huang." When Wang Chonggu saw His Majesty's attire, he knew that His Majesty was playing role-playing again. Your Majesty has been playing role-playing for so many years and is not tired of it. It's like no one in the woolen official factory doesn't know your emperor.
Zhu Yijun waved his hand and said with a smile: "Let's go."
"There is an assertion in class theory. I didn't agree with Yuan Fu's decision at first. Yuan Fu said that class is A general term for social status, economic status and political status, there will definitely be individuals who betray the class, but there will definitely be no collective betrayal of the class." Wang Chonggu summed up his experience of failure.
Wang Chonggu felt that these words were too decisive. How could only an individual betray, but in practice a bucket of ice water was poured on Wang Chonggu's head.
Wang Chonggu sighed and said: "When I gave these leaders of the trade union power, I actually gave them a higher political and economic status. The leaders of the trade union broke away from the original craftsman class and became In spite of the oppressors who oppressed the craftsmen, even if there are a few people in the union who are unwilling to join in, most of them feel noble.”
"What did they do?" Zhu Yijun looked at the craftsmen coming in and out of the official factory, looking left and right, looking around with curiosity, while communicating with Wang Chonggu.
Wang Chonggu shook his head and said: "These selected leaders swore to me on the first day that they would work hard and do their jobs well. On the third day, these leaders start stealing No matter how lazy you are, there are still many people who have to work.”
“I saw that they were like the sages and gentlemen of the countryside, whipping the craftsmen with invisible whips and taking away what was rightfully theirs. Let others do the work. This whip is I gave it to them, because in the eyes of the craftsmen, these big bosses are the cronies of me, the general office, and ordinary craftsmen cannot be offended."
"Starting on the seventh day, these big bosses stopped working at all. Well, it’s the twentieth day At that time, these big guys started to form gangs in the factory. This happens everywhere, but they went too far."
"It's strange, it's really strange, they didn't do this before. ”
In fact, it is not surprising at all. Ming Dynasty discussed this very clearly, which is a typical alienation of power. When people gain power, they will be affected by power.
Wang Chonggu said in great detail that these big bosses who have joined the union not only form cliques within the union, but also form cliques outside the union. Anyone who does not join their small group will be punished. If you are squeezed out, in addition to being squeezed out, you will be assigned heavier tasks to make things difficult. Soon, people in the official factory have joined in the various hills.
Production efficiency began to decline, although only a little, but what worried Wang Chonggu was that he felt the resentment and hostility between the craftsmen.
Originally, the official factory had a highly closed production model and high benefits, so the craftsmen were relatively peaceful. However, as soon as the union came out, the peace in the past was immediately gone. Noisy began, and arguments continued.
At this time, Wang Chonggu began to regret.
"What happened next?" Zhu Yijun stopped and watched the craftsmen pull the freshly cleaned woolen cloth and stuff it into a hand-cranked cylinder. Then some stiff woolen cloth came in at one end and came out at the other end. It was visibly fluffy. got up.
The Ming Emperor thought it was very magical. What was even more magical was that on the other side, there was a cylinder driven by an iron horse, doing the same job.
As the production of iron horses increases, some highly repetitive tasks are being replaced by machinery.
“Later, these bosses began to collect monthly payments.” Wang Chonggu said with a painful expression: “They really didn’t do this before, but since they became the bosses of the union and gained such an identity, That changed, they required everyone to pay a monthly fee.”
“It was my fault, I mistakenly overestimated the overall situation of the official factory.”
Wang Chonggu knew that he had made the mistake of wishful thinking. There were not many craftsmen who studied in official factories. They were well-educated. At the very least, everyone was a brick of the Ming Dynasty. No one was more noble than anyone else. On this point, there was no widespread recognition.
In fact, in the eyes of the craftsmen, His Majesty is the big boss, Wang Chonggu is the big shopkeeper, and they are the emperor’s domestic slaves. It was His Majesty who took them in when they were desperate and gave them a living so that they and their children could Live, and live honorably.
This idea is very common.
The conflict between monarchy and ministerial power has been a contradiction that is difficult to reconcile since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, the vast majority of ministers were scholars. Some of them were even arrogant to the point of ignoring imperial power, and Wang Chonggu himself was A arrogant minister.
He underestimated the terrible impact of the words "strict hierarchy in the Ming Dynasty". He asked some craftsmen who were oppressed and forced to pay monthly fees. These craftsmen did not dare to express any complaints, even if they were full of anger. Because in their eyes, this is a matter of course.
Without the emperor and the second assistant to run the factory, where would these craftsmen go? Your Majesty and the Second Assistant just want a little money from them.
Most of the craftsmen who paid the monthly silver had one thought in their minds, that is, the money was eventually given to Wang Cifu, or even the emperor.
Wang Chonggu, who is familiar with the production diagram and the labor theory of value, knows deeply that labor is valuable. Labor obtains labor remuneration, labor remuneration obtains economic status, and economic status determines social status. Therefore, labor makes people free. .
Without labor, there is no freedom.
There are shackles in the hearts of craftsmen, from the kindness of His Majesty's assistant, from the children waiting to be fed, from the smile on the wife's face. The heavier the shackles on the craftsmen, the less they dare to resist, even in the face of the original and the Craftsmen like them didn't dare to think of resistance.
Confucianism disrupted the law with literature, and martial arts violated laws with chivalry. Only by reading can you understand that everything you get is not the emperor's kindness, but the reward of your own efforts, because the Ming Dynasty, which had just abolished the status of slaves, did not have a consensus on the labor theory of value.
In addition to the general lack of reading, the material resources of the official factory are not rich to a certain extent.
"At least all official woolen woolen factories must be turned into machinery workshops to have this foundation. I thought this matter was too simple. Your Majesty, it is my fault." Wang Chonggu explained to the trade union Another condition, besides universal education, is the material foundation.
Productivity is further improved, profits are increased, and craftsmen receive more generous labor remuneration. Only then can the construction of the trade union system be completed.
Even in the official factories of the Ming Dynasty, there is still a general consensus that doting on female infants and that it is virtuous for women to have no talent is to favor boys over girls, because the wealth in the hands of craftsmen is not enough for them to agree that giving birth to boys All girls are born the same. A typical example is that Liu Qiniang adopted a boy.
To change people's general consensus, one needs to have sufficient material abundance and not have to worry about making a living. Only then is it possible to achieve fundamental changes.
"Is Wang Cifu giving up?" Zhu Yijun asked curiously, after experiencing this failure, will Wang Chonggu give up this idea.
Wang Chonggu said very firmly: "No! Your Majesty, this is the most important step of exploration for the official factory!"
"To obtain sufficient economic status and social status, one must give political Status, this is the general principle of the struggle. If the craftsmen are not given a political status consistent with their status, the official factories will inevitably lose their status. If you fail, this road will not go long or far, or even if the minister dies, the official factory will fall apart."
Wang Chonggu was anxious. He was very eager to leave something to the world, and people would get better and better. The old man is not more afraid of death, but more afraid that his life will be meaningless. His anxiety is the fear of failure in the official factory, so he makes attempts and explorations.
"Wang Cifu is only seventy years old, which is the age to make a career!" Zhu Yijun once again encouraged Wang Chonggu to explore. This is a test that the official factory must face as the scale of the official factory continues to expand. Crossing the past does not mean that everything is smooth sailing. There are new contradictions waiting, but we can get Only by stepping over can we face those new contradictions.
"Is Zhou Liangyin from the Jin Party?" Zhu Yijun suddenly asked.
Wang Chonggu bowed his head and said: "Yes, in the fifth year of Longqing, he worshiped Gao Gong as his master."
"His pilot program of Qing Dynasty in Shanxi was successful." Zhu Yijun told Wang Chonggu a Good news.
No matter in the world, there is no such easy success.
After ten years of hard work, Zhou Liangyin finally got the emperor's forgiveness and got an opportunity. As soon as he took office, he streamlined and abolished the bloated local government offices in Guangling County, Datong Prefecture. Zhou Liangyin was full of troubles. It ended in failure.
"He succeeded?" Wang Chonggu asked in disbelief.
"Tsk, tsk, when we heard about it, we were just as surprised as Wang Cifu. Guangling County, a county of 100,000 people, had 3,000 officials. In the tenth year of Wanli, as soon as he took office, he began to abolish , but no one was working, and the office almost shut down, so we had to find people. This time, it was Guangling! We eliminated more than half of them, and now there are less than 600 people." Zhu Yijun talked about Zhou Liangyin's success.
Zhou Liangyin himself was about to give up. It was the local gentry from Guangling County who went to Datong Mansion to petition Zhou Liangyin. They made trouble six or seven times in a row, but Zhou Liangyin could only reluctantly agree.
At that time, Zhou Liangyin announced that he wanted to carry out drastic abolition in Guangling County, simply because it had reached a point where it was impossible to do without abolition.
When things happened repeatedly, Zhou Liangyin realized that nothing could be done and gave up decisively. At that time, he had just received the emperor's forgiveness and was unwilling to make a bigger mistake, which would cause the emperor to distrust him, especially his doubts about his ability.
But soon, the local gentry and gentry discovered that the number of scribes and government officials in Guangling County had expanded beyond their control. Because the expansion of the scale was out of the control of the rural gentry and gentry.
Once a person is full-fledged, he will never be willing to succumb to others. In just one year, the number of yamen has increased from 1,078 to more than 2,000. Countless poor coolies have defected to these yamen. Under the rule of law, the government officials cleverly created projects, pressed the tax department, established their own rules, and were good at collecting tax money.
Exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes were all borne by these gentlemen. The rural gentry turned to Zhou Liangyin. The original resistance turned into cooperation. The elimination of Guangling County went smoothly, with the population reduced from more than 3,000 to Less than six hundred. "Zhou Liangyin started a purge in the whole of Shanxi. I hope he can succeed. Although this matter is not easy to handle, it depends on manpower." Zhu Yijun still has a relatively pessimistic attitude towards Zhou Liangyin's purge. Guangling County is special and cannot be seen in other places. He must be able to succeed, but everyone in Guangling County is not optimistic about him, but Zhou Liangyin succeeded.
"What is this thing?" Zhu Yijun stared at the drum-type machine for a long time.
Wang Chonggu said with a smile: “Although wool cleaning can remove most of the stains, it is still a bit dirty, and sometimes the accumulation and transportation of raw materials will make the wool become stiff, like cotton. Similarly, the cotton needs to be softened before filling. "
"At this time, you need to use this thing. At first, it is completely manual, tearing the hair bushes, beating them with wooden sticks, and bowing strings. Loosening is all a method. "
"Later, craftsmen invented this thing to speed up production."
The official scientific name of the machine that the emperor cared about was the loosening machine. The craftsmen call it a cotton elastic machine. The rapidly rotating drum is equipped with hooks and thorns to hook off the clumps of cotton and wool. It rotates quickly to throw out some remaining stains on the wool, making the clumps of raw materials fluffy. Easy to process.
There are countless small inventions like this in woolen factories, all of which are designed to speed up the transformation of wool into wool.
"It's pretty good." Zhu Yijun didn't come close. He went to watch the excitement, which might affect the craftsmen's production. He watched from a distance for a while and chose to continue his inspection.
Zhu Yijun chatted with Wang Chonggu while walking. The boy Liu Qiniang adopted was taken back by his biological mother, and Liu Qiniang became alone again.
Liu Qiniang was a child adopted from the nursing home. Her nickname was Zheng San. His father was a gambler. He gambled a lot of money and refused to repent. He gambled away all the family property and gave away his wife, children and children. The bet is out.
Before being sold, Zheng San's mother climbed over the wall and fled back to her parents' home. She has been hiding in her parents' home. The capital is the most benevolent place. Breaking in and robbing people is not allowed to Shuntian Mansion. In order to save face in the Yamen, he hid until the imperial court abolished the slave status.
When Zheng San's mother left, she couldn't take her four-year-old child with her. Zheng San was sold by his father, and even such an old child couldn't be sold for money. Zheng San's life was not good. She gave birth just after being sold. After a serious illness, the gambling house felt that it was losing money, so he was thrown in front of the almshouse and left to fend for himself.
It was Zheng San who was determined to survive and was adopted by Liu Qiniang.
After Zheng San’s mother’s slave status was abolished by the imperial court, she kept looking for the child. Her hard work paid off. After one year and three months, she finally found the whereabouts of the child. Liu Qiniang couldn’t bear to bear her flesh and blood. After separation, the child was returned to the biological mother.
"With Liu Qiniang's temper, 80% of the time she won't adopt another child." Wang Chonggu said with some emotion. Liu Qiniang earned a lot of money. When she gets old, she has enough money to hire someone to take care of her. .
“The envoy from Thailand and the West said that Felipe II wanted to trade the market for technology.” Zhu Yijun talked about the request made by the envoy from Thailand and the West and asked Wang Chonggu for his opinion.
Wang Chonggu said with a strange expression: "Your Majesty, the market cannot replace technology, Felipe is a bit wishful thinking."
"Um? It can't be exchanged? Why did Wang Cifu say that?" Zhu Yijun was stunned and asked what the meaning was. .
Wang Chonggu said with great certainty: "When Your Majesty used to practice calligraphy, he relied on the accumulation of strokes, not copying. This technique can be copied not by copying. It is enough to learn a spiritual resemblance." It’s amazing, but it has no bones.”
Wang Chonggu used calligraphy as a metaphor to tell the Ming Emperor that marketization of technology seems easy, but in practice, it will basically not succeed.
Wang Chonggu thought for a moment and continued: "This old master still knows how to hide secrets. Moreover, the Ming Dynasty and the Thai and Spanish languages are not compatible. The experience summarized by the Ming Dynasty is translated into Latin. This process itself has many problems. Where the words do not convey the meaning, after all, the people who are engaged in translation may not understand what those jargons mean.”
"Okay, even if we don't hide our secrets and really translate these, can they succeed by copying cats and tigers? Huainan is orange and Huaibei is zhi. What they painted may look like. Peach trees can't grow on pear trees. Come."
Legas never translated anything related to steam engines, because he knew very well that even if he translated it, it would be a bible that no one could understand. Without that broad foundation, it would be impossible to complete the construction.
Wang Chonggu does not believe that the Westerners can imitate the techniques of the Ming Dynasty and reproduce the technology of the Ming Dynasty.
“Okay, even if our Ming Dynasty doesn’t hide anything, their paintings are very similar, but there is another question. Will the cotton cloth produced in Taixi definitely sell better than the cotton cloth of the Ming Dynasty? If not, the early stage All investment is a waste." Wang Chonggu talked about the biggest test of market replacement of technology, market inspection.
After overcoming various difficulties and working hard step by step with technology, we finally completed large-scale production. We must accept the test of the market together with production sites with more mature industries and lower costs. This pair of already in the commodity Disadvantaged areas are the biggest difficulty.
Regions that have the advantage of goods only need to lower prices slightly to make latecomers lose all their investment.
There is no warmth at all in the bloody struggle for interests. In business competition, there is never the possibility of the other party being kind-hearted.
"Um..." Zhu Yijun stood in front of the mechanical workshop. Amidst the roar of the iron horse, he was stunned for a long time before asking: "Is it really impossible to succeed in replacing technology with the market?"
< br>"From a business perspective, the possibility of success is basically zero." Wang Chonggu did not assert that things in this world are not so absolute.
But from the three perspectives of technology source, technology localization and market testing, the market for technology is a mirror image. If you really do that, the result will usually be a loss of the market and the inability to home country. technology construction.
The road has been walked step by step by oneself.
"What Cifu said makes sense, and I would like to accept your teaching." Zhu Yijun said solemnly after he figured out the key.
Zhu Yijun walked around the woolen factory for a long time. He would occasionally stop some craftsmen who were not very busy to chat about things in the factory. After walking around for almost an hour, the Ming Emperor ended his visit. After inspection, we took a car and left the official woolen factory.
While chatting with the craftsmen, Zhu Yijun learned about the resistance of the Ming Dynasty craftsmen to reading and literacy. The craftsmen always felt that it was completely unnecessary. Their lives were already seen at a glance, and they were just craftsmen working in the factory. Reading Literacy is a complete waste of time. Wang Cifu forced the craftsmen to read, which is unnecessary. If he has this time, it is better to train children.
After Zhu Yijun returned to Tonghe Palace, he continued to review the memorial. Some censors had impeached Wang Chonggu. The troubles caused by the official factory and the labor union had obviously been heard by the censors, and Wang Chonggu was involved. Whether this book is useful or not, I’ll tell you after reading it.
[The matter has been properly handled, there is no need to intervene anymore. ] Zhu Yijun Zhu approved this memorial.
"Um...this Nanyang custom is really hard for me to understand." Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Jiaping's memorial and looked very strange. Recently, there has been a very strange evil wind in Nanyang. It is really difficult for Zhu Yijun to understand these. The mental state of the Southeast Asian natives.
Comparing wives has become popular in Nanyang recently. This kind of comparison is to compare whose wife is more beautiful, and the standard of comparison is even more outrageous, that is, whose wife has seduced more Ming Dynasty people.
Wang Jiaping said: If a Yi man has a wife who is friendly with a Chinese, he will have wine, food and drink together, sit and sleep together. It is not strange that his husband is calm. He will say to his neighbors: My wife is beautiful and loved by the Chinese. .
Zhu Yijun was dumbfounded and thought that he had read little and misunderstood the meaning. However, after reading Wang Jiaping's memorial, he realized how outrageous this trend was.
The Nanyang barbarians would send their wives to the port to solicit business. Once they were favored by merchants and sailors of the Ming Dynasty, they would be brought to their homes. The barbarians would entertain them with wine and food. In addition to drinking, they would also arrange their own My wife slept with her, and after the Ming Dynasty people left, the Yi people told their neighbors that my wife was very beautiful, and she was especially liked by the Ming Dynasty people.
A stone is also placed in front of the door to record the number of people. The more stones piled in front of the door of a house, the more it proves that his wife is welcomed.
"Well, I can't understand it either." Feng Bao also read this memorial and was extremely shocked. According to the Ming Dynasty law, if you catch an adulterer or a couple, or beat him to death, you are all to blame yourself. Tang Zhihan was killed by Liu. He was betrayed and almost beaten to death.
But in Nanyang, it is really weird to have to buy food and drinks, watch your wife go to bed, and show off everywhere.
"Wang Jiaping said that the main thing is that if you serve the people of Ming Dynasty well, you will get some wealth." Zhu Yijun said in amazement.
People in the Ming Dynasty have to pay. If you don't pay, you will be pestered. Most of them have already negotiated the price at the port for porcelain, pottery, ironware, floral cloth, colored silk, gold and silver, copper coins, glass beads, umbrellas and so on. , can be used for payment, and these things can be exchanged for a lot of goods in the hands of the Nanyang barbarians.
People have died because of this, but the Ming people are very fierce. If merchants or sailors disappear for no reason, the tooth soldiers of the Governor's Mansion will really search from house to house, extort and kill the Ming people. They were killed locally or concentrated at sea. The number of times was so high that a strange industry formed around the port.
If the wife is pregnant with a Ming Dynasty child, she will pile up stones in front of the door, give birth to the child, and raise it.
According to the local people, the children born are less likely to die in infancy and are also smart. From the perspective of racial continuation, this has some basis, because the Yi people are tribes, and it is inconvenient to come and go for a long time. Being closed, it is inevitable that there will be close relatives, the children will be born with deformities, and they will die easily.
"Guoyu" says: If a man and a woman have the same surname, they will not be born together.
The reason why Wang Jiaping reported this matter was that many sailors who went to Southeast Asia to do business would bring back some women when they arrived. Wang Jiaping asked His Majesty the Emperor whether this woman was allowed to enter the Ming Dynasty.
"If there are children, the children are allowed to enter." Zhu Yijun considered it and followed the old rules that had been implemented for a long time.
The mother is a Yi, the husband is a Ming, the child is a Ming, the mother is still a Yi; if both parents are Yi, born in the Ming, they are still Yi;
"Your Majesty, battle report, frontline battle report!" A Tiqi man ran into the imperial study of Tonghe Palace and sent the Korean frontline battle report to the emperor.
Zhu Yijun stood up suddenly, and he noticed that it was not a good news.
"The Inchon landing failed." Zhu Yijun's eyesight went dark, he calmed down his emotions, opened the paint, read the battle report carefully, and then breathed a sigh of relief.
The Daming Navy launched a landing operation in Inchon, but it was unsuccessful. The reason for the failure was very simple. On the day of launching the landing, God did not show mercy and it rained heavily, so they had to retreat to Yiju and Penglai, Shandong. .
"I thought we lost the battle. Let's prepare again and land again next time." Zhu Yijun sat down and gave instructions.
Winning or losing is a common thing for military strategists. If it doesn’t work this time, try again next time.
(End of this chapter)