Chapter 949: Title and Military System
Dozens of people came to Shao's house.
In addition to the officials who followed him on the expedition from the beginning, there were also officials who came from Pingyang in advance, as well as officials who stayed at the Luoyang court.
"The Jin Dynasty is immoral and the government and punishment are neglected, especially the nobility." After everyone sat down, Zhang Bin, as Shao Xun's substitute, took the lead in mentioning the first thing.
Before Sima usurped the throne, he also knew the benefits of establishing five levels of nobility to share profits. The Liang Kingdom was naturally no exception, but it was different.
"During the former Wei Dynasty, nobles only enjoyed food titles and had no land. The country was too broad and too thick. There were more than five hundred countries, and they all had land titles and officials. It was a country within a country." Zhang Bin continued: "Servant It is thought that the old system of the Han and Wei dynasties should be restored, and the land should be granted in vain, and only the land can be enjoyed. "
In fact, if 10,000 households are granted the title, it is impossible for those who hold this title to enjoy the rent of 10,000 households.
The policy of the Jin Dynasty was to enjoy one-third of the rent of 10,000 households (equivalent to 3,300 households). Historically, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was one-ninth (equivalent to 1,100 households). ).
In later dynasties, the concepts of "one-third" and "one-ninth" were no longer used, and the concepts of "real seal" and "true seal" emerged.
"Shi Feng" is the number of food fiefs written in black and white on white paper. "Shi Feng" and "Zhen Feng" are the actual number of food fiefs that have been implemented. There is a big gap between them. Some people "Shi Feng" "Five thousand households, "real seal" of two thousand, one thousand or even hundreds of households.
In fact, it is the same thing, that is, there is a gap between the theoretical food town and the actual food town.
"The first-class title is called 'King', and it has a settlement of 10,000 households. This is granted by the clan. If the prince has no special favor, he cannot be granted the title of king. He is regarded as the first grade."
This kind of Only Shao Xun's own son can be crowned king. Generally, it is a one-character king, and not even every son can be crowned king.
"The second is the king of the county, with five thousand households living in the town. This is a title granted by the clan. It is regarded as the first grade."
After the king's death, the person who takes the title may not necessarily be able to directly retain the title. Inherit the throne without moving, especially the side clan.
For example, one of Shao Xun's grandsons might become a county king instead of a king.
There has been a system of downgrading and inheritance of titles in all dynasties. The main reason is to reduce financial pressure.
"The third is called Gong, and he can grant the title of three thousand households. This is the title granted by the descendants of the clan and the meritorious officials. It is regarded as the first grade."
When you reach the level of Gong, there are meritorious officials to be granted. , and some clan members were demoted to public status.
"The fourth is the Duke of the County, and he has the title of 2,000 households. This is the title granted by the descendants of the clan and meritorious officials. It is regarded as the second grade."
From the perspective of the Jin Dynasty, there are one-character kings, such as Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, two-character kings, such as Sima Yue, the king of Donghai, and public officials, such as Ma Teng of Pingchang Company, and there are even those below the public title.
The kings of the Western Jin Dynasty regarded counties as their kingdoms. King Zhao and King Donghai were actually "kings of the county" (but the settlements may exceed one county), and Duke Pingchang was the "gong of the county".
The highest among the meritorious officials is the county prince, who has a minimum food allowance of 3,000 or even 10,000 households, which is very generous.
"The fifth day is called the county prince, and he has a food seal of 1,500 households. This is the title given by the descendants of the clan and the meritorious officials. It is regarded as the second rank."
"The sixth day is the county prince, and the food seal is One thousand households, this is the title given by the descendants of the clan and the meritorious officials."
"On the seventh day, he is called the county uncle, and he has a food seal of 700 households..."
"On the eighth day, he is the county son, and he has a food seal of 500 households..."
"On the ninth day, he is the county man, and he has a food seal of 300 households. Household..."
The "depending on certain rank" of the title is the same as that of the honorary officer. There is no official rank and salary. It is just a rank promotion level, which is required for ranking in various court meetings and sacrificial activities.
"All the details still need to be perfected. I just mentioned this matter today. You can refer to it in detail when you go back." Zhang Bin finally said.
After everyone listened, they had no objections.
Obviously, the Liang Dynasty could no longer be as generous as the Jin Dynasty. The two dynasties started their careers in different ways. To elaborate, Shaoliang's title system is more like that of Cao Wei, but there are changes. After all, time has changed and things are different.
Shao Xun carefully observed everyone's expressions.
In this title system, the clan may be downgraded every generation, that is, the prince ascends the title and becomes the county king, the remaining legitimate sons are the dukes, and the concubine is the county duke or even has no title.
This is somewhat similar to the clan title system in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and even the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
There is a big difference between legitimate sons and concubines. The eldest son of a prince ascends the title of prince, while the other legitimate sons are generally Dukes of the country. The emperor may express his kindness by making a certain legitimate son a prince, but this is another matter.
Concubines are more miserable, and they may not be able to become public servants. Even county princes are very poor. Some have no titles at all and are only assigned officials. Of course, princes and concubines are unlikely to be so miserable, and they usually have to be passed down. It takes two or three generations to lose a title.
A clan without a title has to struggle on its own.
There are too many people like this in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, there were clansmen who passed the Jinshi examination and became officials. Some of them almost relied on the family to become officials, and those who were high-ranking even reached the rank of prime minister or general. .
This kind of untitled clan that has been passed down for two, three or three generations cannot be crowned emperor by courtiers before the dynasty enters its final years.
Leaving aside the distance, it is extremely unlikely that a member of the clan like Sima Yue would become emperor, but a powerful minister could.
On the contrary, Sima Ying, king of Chengdu, could have been elected emperor, but he failed.
Looking at the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which inherited the Northern Dynasties system, there is neither the will nor the ability to support most of the clans. That would be too much of a burden.
Being an official or going to the battlefield to fight and perform meritorious service is the best way out for a remote clan, otherwise it will be lost to everyone.
Compared with the clan, if the title of a hero is prefixed with "founding the country", it is theoretically hereditary. One person can be selected in each generation to inherit the title, and the others have no title.
But in actual operation, it is difficult to pass on the title for three generations without being demoted, because the king will always find fault with you, fine you with food, and demote your title.
However, if you perform meritorious service, you may be granted a new title, but this is not the founding title.
This title system was basically improved by absorbing the Wei and Jin systems during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in history. Shao Xun introduced it in advance. In short, it is a false title, with no land, and only the rents and benefits of the specified number of households in the location where the title is located.
The Liang Dynasty did not engage in "real sealing" or "real sealing". The number of "food sealing" households was the same. Taking "gong" as an example, it could collect 18,000 yuan per year. With dendrobium grain, 13,500 bolts of silk, and 9,000 catties of cotton, it is not a problem to support more than a thousand full-time diners.
In this way, decency is achieved.
******
The matter of the title was discussed all afternoon.
I believe it won’t be long before the news slowly spreads.
Many generals in the Shaoxun Group actually have titles from the Jin Dynasty.
Some were canonized by the Jin Emperor, and some were obtained by Shao Xun for them, but they didn't get a cent, and they had no effect in Pingyang and Bianliang.
After all, this is no longer the Spring and Autumn Period, when it would be the "title-based", and conferring officials with titles is now the "official-based". Officials are the foundation, and titles are just the icing on the cake.
The first thing civil and military generals pursue is an official position, not a title.
After dinner, we discussed military affairs again.
"Starting next year, the Mule Army and the Luoyan Army will have hundreds of infantrymen, and they will supplement the vacancies in the Silver Spear and Black Gun Five Battalions in batches."
"At the beginning of next year, the number of the Yi Cong Army will be expanded to 10,000, the number of the Luoyan Army will be increased to 5,000, and the number of the Youzhou Tuqi Governor will be increased to 2,000."
"In this way, nearly 50,000 troops will be recruited. The country The plan is difficult, so we can only afford so many.”
< br>"In addition, we abolished the Central Guards, the Central Leader, and the Northern Army, and established the Privy Council, the Training Academy, and the Military Academy. The Privy Council mobilized troops, the Training Academy trained troops, and the Military Academy controlled grain, grass, and ordnance."
< br>"After the Luoyang Chinese Army transferred a group of government soldiers this time, There are still thousands of soldiers left in Xuchang and Yanzhou. In two or three years, the best ones will be selected and transferred to important counties and major counties to serve as county soldiers. "
"The military registration of Fubing has left and right Feilong guards, left and right Xiaoqi guards, and left and right In addition to the seven guards of Jinwu Guard and Youyu Lin Guard, there are 3,600 soldiers of Puyang Prefecture, 3,600 soldiers of Guanxi Prefecture, and 2,400 soldiers of Jibei Prefecture, totaling 70,800 people. . At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the number of soldiers increased to more than 80,000. "
"All the soldiers and guards have set up government offices in the imperial city. This is a major national event and cannot be ignored."
After Shao Xun said this, he paused for everyone to digest.
Why does he attach so much importance to the soldiers?
In addition to strong combat effectiveness, no need to pay military salary every year, and difficulty in rebellion, there is another factor that is unimaginable to outsiders: strong assimilation ability.
As for the Fu soldiers established in the past year or two, most of them are from Hu people, and the total number may be more than 100,000.
These people live scattered in various defenses and have a low status - compared to their previous work as shepherds and slaves for tribal nobles, it seems that they are not very low, and their status has even been improved, because the tribe is not strictly a slave.
I also have an admiration for advanced culture, and over time, I will slowly become more aligned with my master.
The main family farmed the land, so they must also farm the land.
When the host family celebrates the festival, they will give some property and food to the tribe, which will subtly affect their festival customs.
Whatever the host says, they will slowly learn it to facilitate communication.
They will also slowly change what clothes and hair accessories the host and the people around him wear.
All kinds of things.
In fact, it is the assimilation of an advanced culture into a backward culture.
This process lasted for two or three generations, and these Hu tribes were even digested, because their production and lifestyle, language, clothing, festivals and other cultural characteristics have undergone tremendous changes.
As for how long the government troops can persist - the Tang Dynasty persisted until the late Gaozong and Empress Wu years before problems arose, which was almost sixty or seventy years.
However, in the Tang Dynasty, the government troops were mainly concentrated in Guanzhong and Hedong (Dao), and the setting was too dense.
In fact, during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, the soldiers no longer had enough land, so Yang Jian wanted to move them out of the "narrow area" (Guanzhong) and relocate them to the Guandong area where land resources were more abundant.
It’s just that during the wars at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the population dropped from 50 million to more than 10 million in the early Tang Dynasty. It became a situation with fewer people and more land, which was equivalent to a reset.
Therefore, the Tang Dynasty's policy of "raising troops in Guanzhong to attack all directions" that was even more excessive than the Sui Dynasty could continue. The number of soldiers in the Tang Dynasty was 600,000, and wars were extremely frequent.
The core of the military system is land, and honorary officers and the like are the icing on the cake.
There was not enough land for honorary officers, and the military system of the government collapsed.
With enough land but no honorary officers, officers will be awarded according to their respective military merits. The combat effectiveness of the government soldiers will only be reduced, but they are still a warworthy army.
The Liang Dynasty had only 70,000 to 80,000 soldiers and abundant land resources, mainly distributed in the Guandong region. This system would not be a problem for hundreds of years.
Fifty thousand soldiers were recruited to garrison Luoyang, Bianliang, Liyang, Yewang and other nearby areas to guard the peripheral key points.
The government soldiers suppressed all directions and frightened the Hu people and the nobles. This was almost the military layout at the beginning of the founding of the Liang Dynasty.
In the future, the recruitment of soldiers will increase very slowly or even not at all, but the government soldiers will continue to grow until this system can no longer survive more than a hundred years later.
After more than a hundred years of assimilation, he is worthy of China.
Even if the dynasty is destroyed at that time, the new emperor can still carry on his achievements.
Success does not have to be mine, or even the Liang Dynasty.
"There are only two things to do today." Seeing that everyone had finished thinking, Shao Xun clapped his hands and said, "Everyone takes a copy of the statement and goes back, read it carefully, and attach your thoughts. Send it back.”
(End of this chapter)