Chapter 57 How to establish a reserve?
“But what if the enfeoffment is enfeoffed according to your will, and a few years later, the overseas countries that have been enfeoffed want to be disadvantageous to Jiuzhou?”
The First Emperor and Li Si hated the enfeoffment, not only the enfeoffment It was not conducive to the centralization of power, and because of Zhou's mistakes, Zhou's enfeoffment caused hundreds of years of chaos in the world.
The First Emperor and Li Si, who had experienced this troubled time, naturally did not want to repeat the enfeoffment of the Zhou Dynasty and let the world return to the era of great division.
"Historical Records" records: "Tingwei Li Si said: 'Zhou Wenwu had many disciples with the same surname, and then they became estranged and attacked each other like enemies. The princes even attacked each other, and the emperor of Zhou could not stop it. . '"
In the land of Kyushu, if a family has been separated for a long time and their relationship is estranged, they will attack each other like enemies. What's more, if they are enfeoffed outside Jiuzhou, when the sky is higher and the emperor is further away, can those princes who have enfeoffed overseas be able to Dissatisfied?
With Ying Zheng's understanding of people's hearts, it is not possible, but it will definitely happen.
The princes who have been entrusted overseas will definitely covet Kyushu, and the attacks and killings against each other will be even more brutal.
Li Nian said simply: "Even I can't solve it!"
The First Emperor glared at him, you can't solve it, then why do you propose this method?
"With the current strength of the Qin Dynasty, it is indeed impossible to solve it. However, I think that instead of waiting for the foreign barbarians from these places to attack our country, we should seize these places first and turn them into our territory of the Qin Dynasty. Even if the overseas kings have different intentions in the future, Brothers hate each other, but their flesh rots in the cauldron.”
Li Nian’s meaning is very clear. The king wants to completely rule the entire world. It is impossible to do so now, but if we don’t occupy these overseas lands now, they will be occupied. Barbarian occupation.
These barbarians may also attack China in the future. It is better to find a way to occupy the feudal kings first. Even if the kings rebel and attack each other in the future, it is still a fight between brothers, not an invasion by outsiders.
It is better for the meat to rot in the Chinese pot than to be snatched away and eaten by foreigners!
Ying Zheng thought about it and knew that enfeoffment was the only way for him to control so much land, unless he turned a blind eye to these lands outside Da Qin, closed the country in isolation, and only focused on Da Qin.
But as a king with a strong desire for power and conquest, how could he let such a large area of land lie under his nose without occupying it?
Historical records record that the First Emperor was greedy, which is true. Almost all kings are greedy, but who is a normal person who is not greedy?
What's more, these lands are not barren lands as originally thought. Some lands are more fertile than Kyushu. Moreover, he also wants to make Da Qin the first empire on which the sun never sets in Chinese history.
This is a multiple-choice question for the First Emperor: If you don’t want to enfeoff overseas, then give up overseas land. If you don’t want to give up overseas land, then you can only implement overseas enfeoffment.
The First Emperor reacted at this time. The boy answered for a long time, but it seemed that he did not give a serious answer on how to solve the problem of the crown prince, that is, after his sudden death, how to ensure that the crown prince who succeeded him was the one he wanted to establish. Will it not be tampered with by other people's conspiracy, so that the same thing in history that Li Nian said will not happen again?
The First Emperor immediately said: "I understand what you said, but I would like to know how to avoid the troubles of Zhao Gao, Hu Hai, and Li Si?"
The best solution to this problem is naturally to establish a prince early. Or establish a succession system that everyone agrees on and must abide by.
Why was primogeniture so popular in ancient times?
Are the ancients stupid and unable to see the disadvantages of this system? Don’t they know that the eldest son is not necessarily the best son?
Of course the ancients could see that, compared to the flaws, the primogeniture system had more advantages, and the advantages outweighed the disadvantages, so it was a natural choice.
Do we have to adopt our Qing Dynasty’s secret reserve system? That thing seems to be easy to use, but after studying it, you will find that there are also many problems. For example, if you don’t know who will ascend to the throne, then you simply don’t ascend the throne or reduce your competitors. Therefore, the Qing emperors after Daoguang , not many heirs.
The entire Qing harem turned into a dark forest, whoever got pregnant got shot: What, she was pregnant, maybe a son? I don't have a good relationship with her. If she gives birth to a son, will I still be fine? I have to think of a way to get rid of it quickly.
Li Nian couldn't think of a perfect solution either. He said: "In order to prevent Mr. Hu Hai, Zhao Gao and Li Si from falsely passing on the imperial edict and secretly plotting to save it, I think it is necessary to establish a set of owners. Everyone must abide by the inheritance system. However, no system can be perfect, each has its own flaws, and my wisdom is limited. I will decide with the king. ! ”
“The succession system of later dynasties can be roughly divided into: establishing a virtuous person, establishing a direct eldest son, establishing a secret prince, and establishing a virtuous prince. , the good thing about this method is that the chosen prince is wise and will generally not lead the dynasty to destruction after inheriting the throne.”
The reason why he said "average" was because Li Nian thought of Guangshen. He thought of how wise Guangshen was when Yang Yong was still the prince, but how unrestrained Guangshen was when he became emperor.
The whole person seemed to have released his primitive nature. If his mother, Dugu Jialuo, saw Guangshen’s subsequent performance, her jaw would drop in fear: Is this my wise second son?
“But the disadvantage of this method is that it can easily cause fights among the princes, leading to fights and feuds among the royal children. The princes who ascend the throne often need to kill each other and ascend the throne in a bloody way, which is not conducive to the stability of the country. "
Er Feng didn't take care of him well at the beginning, which resulted in the Tang Dynasty's throne being full of bloodshed and "father is kind and son is filial" most of the time. Have you ever seen the inheritance law of Xuanwu Sect?
Of course, Erfeng has no choice. If he doesn't kill his brother, his brother will kill him, especially Li Yuanji, who is eager to kill Erfeng.
"The inheritance system of eldest son, that is, the inheritance system of the eldest son, is the inheritance system most commonly used by later dynasties. Its advantage is that it is stable and it is not easy for people like Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, and Li Si to appear, because everyone knows that according to this system, the person who Who ascends to the throne?"
"But the disadvantage of this method is the direct descendants. The eldest son may not be outstanding, and may not be loved by the king. If the eldest son is incompetent and tyrannical, and inherits the throne according to this system, it may bring the dynasty to its end."
"Furthermore, it is established in secret. Reserve system, this is the last dynasty of China, the reserve system established by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty , the advantage is that it reduces the fighting between the princes, so that the succession of the throne will not become bloody on the surface, and better ensures the safety of the succeeding prince."
"The crown prince can be established secretly, and everything will be done before the secret decree is announced. I don’t know who will be the next emperor, so how can I train a team for the prince? To train the prince’s ability?”
“The secret edict will be read out after the death of the previous emperor. No one knows in advance who the secret edict appoints as the emperor. If the new emperor suddenly succeeds to the throne without preparation, who will be the emperor? All the ministers may not be familiar with each other, how can they really manage a dynasty?”
"Furthermore, after the secret reserve system was implemented, the number of heirs of the Qing emperors decreased rapidly. Later, they even had no children and had to adopt others. This is also the reason."
It is said that the secret reserve system was only used in the Qing Dynasty. Three times, Yongzheng established Qianlong, Qianlong established Jiaqing, and Daoguang established Xianfeng.
But the actual situation is that Xianfeng only had one son (Tongzhi), so there was no need to secretly establish a heir apparent. Tongzhi had no sons. The successor was his cousin Zaitan (Guangxu), and Guangxu also He had no children, and the successor Puyi was his nephew.
Is there any need to establish a secret reserve?
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(End of this chapter)