Chapter 367 Knowledge Framework
As the Guangya Bookstore series is hard to find in the world, its value has skyrocketed. The title pages and end pages of Guangya's books are extremely difficult to repair, which are the 'Ten Thousand Years of Red' 'This magical 'anti-moth paper' has attracted attention within the industry. "
"According to our research, the essence of the process of Wannian Red Paper should be in the two aspects of paper selection and mixing of red red powder.
"The best choice is Shanbei paper and Bentao paper. Both are bamboo straw paper produced in Guangdong. Shanbei paper is yellow in color and Bentao paper is white. Guangdong Guangya Bookstore's "Waiju Rare Edition" Series of books are mostly printed on these two types of paper because they have good leather properties and are suitable for calligraphy and painting, so they have another great use. It is used to make fans, and the fan paper after the Ming Dynasty is mostly made of these two kinds of paper.”
“There are subtle differences between each generation of Shanbei paper and Bentong paper, mainly in the combination of bamboo and grass. The paper content of early paper is higher than that of late paper.”
"The preparation process of single powder is very complicated. We all know that the main ingredient is arsenic. The ingredient is Pb3O4, which is stable in the air, insoluble in water, red in color, toxic, and insect-resistant. It is also added with alum, starch, and leather glue. , spices such as borneol, dragon musk, It is made by mixing starch. ”
“The rest is to cook glue, mix alum, add alum, filter, mix powder, mix materials, brush paper, and dry paper. These processes are roughly from It began to mature in the Ming Dynasty.”
“I know. The production process, then it will be clear to identify whether this is the Wannian Red of that era. "
"The first is the use of paper, the early Wannian Red and the late Wannian Red, the use of mountain shells and Ben. The ratio of bamboo and grass is different, which is roughly the same as that of early paper The dosage of Chinese herbal medicine will be higher than that of late-stage paper. "
"The second is the source of the red powder material. In the early days, the top-grade red powder was made from Yunnan materials. In the later period, it was mostly chemically synthesized, and its purity and impurity content were very important. are not the same.”
"The same is true for alum. In the Ming Dynasty, good alum was produced in Taiyuan, and Wannianhong used Taiyuan alum. However, with the later purification technology, alum materials produced in Guangdong Province were mostly used."
"The third is all These things need to be deposited In terms of flour preparation, the early Wannianhong used glutinous rice flour, while the later Wannianhong used sweet potato flour. This is the most important difference between Wannianhong in each period.”
After this explanation, Teacher Yuan said. Then he said: " Regardless of the paper selection or materials used, the impurity content of this paper is slightly higher, and the color looks darker than clear paper. This is because this paper naturally deepens after aging. "
"Actually, if If they are all new paper, this paper should be lighter in color than clear paper."
"So this is clear paper?" Zhou Zhi felt that today was an eye-opener. It turned out that the paper used for the title page was small. , all have so much knowledge and research.
"Yes, this batch of Ten Thousand Years of Red is indeed clear."
"Then I have a question." Zhou Zhi said: "If we have made considerable technological progress, we can study the general The formula of ten thousand years of red clear paper was revealed, and it was copied perfectly... ...It can’t be used to restore Ming Dynasty books?”
“Because it lacks the hundreds of years of natural aging you mentioned, Teacher Yuan, which will lead to differences in the quality of new and old paper!”
“So this is why ancient paper is precious!” Yuan The teacher seemed a little speechless that Zhou Zhi had only now figured out this problem: "To restore rare ancient books, the best restoration solution is of course to use ancient materials from the same era to restore them. There is no doubt about this."
“As for finishing The new replica of Midea is not completely useless. It can be placed on the lining and back, which are invisible on the outside but actually need materials with the same properties to repair. You can also use technology to restore the cultural relics. A new look at the time.”
"For example, ancient bronze swords, in their time, were not what we see now. They were as dazzling as gold. Perfect replicas can also give people another kind of shock."
"Also Learned a lot." Zhou Zhi nodded: "That's right." Teacher Yuan put the stack of Wannianhong aside: "This stack is now complete. Let's look at Jianyang Kouhe. Taishi Lian. "
"During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Liancheng, Ninghua, Jiangle, and Jianyang were the main bamboo paper producing areas in central Fujian and the most important bamboo paper producing areas in the country. . ”
“Liancheng is the paper-producing county with the richest bamboo paper production history in central Fujian. It has a long history from the Song Dynasty to the present.”
"By the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 1,100 paper troughs in Liancheng, which was very popular. The bamboo paper produced was even more colorful, including raw paper, clinker paper, bleached paper, processed paper, and improved paper. Sixty-two varieties.”
“Among them, the mountain shells in raw paper were mentioned just now when we talked about Wannianhong; there is also a type of clinker. For paper, the time-honored brands include Jingzhuang and Fugong, and for bleached paper, there are Shuben, Jin Jian, Huangbang, Zouben, Jinglian, Xuan paper, Jade edition, Lianshi, Kuzhu and others. ”
"Jiangle's 'Xishan Paper' mentioned earlier in "Fujian Production Record" refers to Xishan burr paper. The raw material for papermaking is young moso bamboo, which must go through nearly thirty complicated processes. It took more than a year to create excellent Xishan paper. Xishan paper is delicate and flexible, used for calligraphy, has strong ink absorption and does not fade. It can also be used to repair and print old books, so there has been "Xishan paper" since ancient times. "Gui' theory."
"Since the Song Dynasty, Jianyang has become one of the three major calligraphy centers in Jianyang County. Most of the residents in Sha and Chonghua towns are engaged in book engraving, and they are known as the "houses of books". The engravings are called "Fujian version", "Jian version" or "Masha version". "
"Zhu Xi's " "Jiahe County Xuezang Secretary" said: "Jianyang edition books travel everywhere," which shows the prosperity of Jianyang woodblock printing. ”
"Although the quality of the Masha blockbuster is not as good as that of Yuhang and Shudu, its quantity ranks first in the country.
"Therefore, Yue Ke, a famous literati in the Southern Song Dynasty and a descendant of Yue Fei, once said: 'Jianyang Shusi, Fangri We compile monthly magazines, which vary with time and age, in order to sell them quickly. ’”
“The paper used at that time was bamboo paper produced in Shaowu, Sanming and Yanping counties, which were also one of the national bamboo paper production centers at that time. "
"Although the masha version is relatively rough and not considered a rare book, because bamboo paper is cheap and the cost of books is low, it is welcomed by ordinary poor scholars and plays a role in the widespread printing of books and the popularization of culture. "
"What's more important is that this advantage has continued for the Fujian people, from the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. ”
"However, the location is also gradually changing, from the earliest Jianyang, to the Liancheng Four Forts."
"During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Four Forts were once as famous as Beijing, Hankou, and Huwan, and were listed as the four major cities in my country. Block printing base, Ming Dynasty Sibao block printing Printed books have the reputation of being distributed half the world."
"The remains of woodblock printing in Jingcheng, Hankou and Huwan have since disappeared, and only Sibao has become the only relatively complete woodblock printing in the country. Printing ruins.”
< br>"The development of woodblock printing is also related to the local abundance of high-quality bamboo paper. In addition to the classics and history, Sibao woodblock prints also include local chronicles of counties in western Fujian and works by celebrities, such as Li Yuanzhong's "Hanzhi Ji" and Yang Lan's "Linting Huikao" , Hao Fengsheng's "Nine Dragon Poems" and so on. Including the banned books at that time, Xiao Xiaosheng's works were all engraved in Sibao, using bamboo paper produced in Liancheng, Ninghua, Shanghang and other places. "
"Understanding these, we can establish some general concepts. ”
(End of this chapter)