Chapter 520 Dayi Shu Kiln
The first thing that attracted everyone’s attention was a small plate.
The label on the bottom reads "Tang Dayi Shu Kiln White Porcelain Lotus Leaf Plate".
The dish is not big, about fifteen centimeters in diameter. It is shaped like a lotus leaf with a slightly curled edge. The color is delicate and white, with slight pits on the glaze. This is a slight shrinkage of the glaze during firing. The text is Play with what’s known in the industry as “orange peel lines.”
Lao Zhang lifted up the small piece of paper attached to the bottom of the disk and found that the bottom was full of flint red. From the joints of the glaze edges, it can be seen that the disk was first made of red clay and then repaired. Then he used white clay as "cosmetic soil" to modify the two layers to obtain a white body. Then he applied plant ash glaze on the white body and fired it in the kiln to obtain this white porcelain plate.
The most important thing is that there are four small characters "Tianbao Yongchang" written in green and brown glaze on the bottom of the bowl.
“Is this inference a bit hasty?” Mr. Zhang asked: “I remember there is a saying that the so-called ‘Dayi White Porcelain’ is actually just a misunderstanding of Du Fu, because Sichuan University Yisu is not famous for its white porcelain, and haven’t the kiln sites in Dayi been discovered?”
“The north and south kilns of Chinese white porcelain are generally identified as three, one of which is the northern system, that is, Tang Dynasty Xing Kiln -Song Dynasty Ding Kiln-Liao White Porcelain-Later Dynasty Ding Kiln series such as Hebi and many kiln entrances in Yaozhou"
"The south generally starts from the success of the egg white glaze firing of Jingdezhen Shufu ware in the Yuan Dynasty. After that came the Ming Yongle sweet white glaze, which was the highest achievement in the history of white porcelain. ”
“There is also a branch, the famous Fujian Dehua kiln’s ‘Ivory White’.”
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"We in Sichuan once discovered a porcelain kiln for making white porcelain in Pengzhou. It was once misread as the kiln mouth of the Dayi kiln in the Tang Dynasty in Du Fu's poem. However, after further research on the remaining artifacts and kilns, it was discovered that the Pengzhou kiln was actually the kiln mouth. The inheritance of the imitation Ding kiln line is the kiln mouth after the Song Dynasty."
Zhou Zhi couldn't help but give a thumbs up: "Mr. Zhang's research on porcelain is quite in-depth."
"Don't put a high hat on the old man." Mr. Zhang waved his hand: "Tell me about breaking this small plate. "
Zhou Zhi smiled and said: "What Mr. Zhang said. In fact, the earliest source of this inference that "Dayi has no white porcelain" is an article published in "Peninsula Morning News", because Du Fu once wrote a poem called "Ode to Dayi Porcelain" and another poem "Begging Da Yi in Wei Chu Again" "Yi Porcelain Bowl", the poem goes: Dayi fired porcelain is light and strong, buckled like mourning "Jade Jincheng Biography." The white bowl of the Jun family is better than the frost and snow, right? "
"Yes, the article argued that this poem is an "isolated evidence", Dayi. There is no kiln entrance and no physical evidence, so it cannot be authentic. ”
Zhou Zhi smiled and said: "But this so-called solitary evidence is due to the author's lack of knowledge."
"How can we say this?"
"First of all, let's examine this poem. Annotations about it can be found in the Qianlong edition of Dayi In the second volume of "County Chronicles", "Characters·Liuyu·Tang", the entry of "Du Fu" is clearly recorded: Dayi is only one house away from Chongqing Prefecture. During the visit to the porcelain kilns of the city, there was a sentence: "The porcelain produced in Dayi is light and strong." For details, see Yi Text. "The word 'she' in the text refers to the ancient unit of mileage, which is thirty miles. The word 'Yi Ling' refers to the county magistrate. Wei Ban, the magistrate of Dayi, is a friend of Du Fu. The word 'Aiyu' in the poem describes the sound of porcelain being touched." Like jade. The poem says that porcelain made in Dayi is light in weight and of high quality. The ground is tough, the sound of knocking is like jade, the name is Jincheng, and it is whiter than frost and snow."
"It can be seen from Du Fu's poem that Du Fu begged Wei Ban, the magistrate of Dayi, for a porcelain bowl. First, visit the Dayi porcelain kiln later.”
"Scholars of all ages have no doubts about the Dayi white porcelain chanted by Du Fu and have a positive attitude. "Jingdezhen Ceramics Record" written by Lan Pu, a Jingdezhen native, was written in the 20th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. The section "Shu Kiln" in Volume 7 records : White porcelain fired in Dayi, Qiongzhou, Sichuan during the Tang Dynasty, with body Thin and firm, white in color and clear in sound, it was prized at that time...'"
"'Dayi's porcelain is light and firm, and strikes like mourning jade. The white bowl of Jun's family is better than the frost and snow, and it is sent to Mao in a hurry. Zhai is also pitiful. The first sentence is beautiful for its quality, the second sentence is beautiful for its sound, and the third sentence is beautiful for its appearance. The excellence of Shu Kiln can already be imagined.”
“The thirty-seventh volume of Qiongzhou Chronicles published in the 23rd year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty also contains: When Shaoling went to Dongge of Zhou to view plum blossoms, he passed by Dayi. Meeting with Yi Ling and visiting porcelain kilns."
"Sent by Du Fu. "Qiongzhou Cui Lushi" poem shows that Du Fu has a very close relationship with Qiongzhou Cui Lushi, and Dayi is the place he must pass when traveling from Chongzhou to Qiongzhou. It says: "Shu kiln was built in the Tang Dynasty in Dayi, Chongzhou, Sichuan. The vessel made is thin and firm, white in color and clear in sound, and is also known as 'Dayi porcelain'. "
" Du Fu went to Chengdu at the end of 759 and lived there for several years. Dayi established a county in the second year of Xianheng of Tang Dynasty, which was 671. In 760, Du Fu wrote "Also in the capital of Shu" "Wei Chu Begging Dayi Porcelain Bowl" was written ninety years after Dayi County was established. Therefore, the time Du Fu met with the magistrate of Dayi County, visited the porcelain kiln, and interacted with the "Qiongzhou Cui Lushi" was all while he was living in Chengdu. Judging from the creation time and documentary historical research, firstly, Du Fu's poems and writings are consistent with historical and political records; secondly, there is no doubt in the records of past dynasties, indicating that there is no doubt that white porcelain was produced in the middle of Shu during the Tang Dynasty. ”
"That article also believed that no ruins were found in the Dayi porcelain kilns, which is not consistent with the facts."
"As early as the 1950s and 1960s, Mr. Yang Xiaogu, an expert in cultural relics and archaeology, wrote in "West China Cultural Relics" The first issue talks about the 'Dayi Kiln': The kiln king was recently excavated from the soil in Dongguanchang, Dayi The statue is engraved with the inscription "On June 4th, the third year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, the statue of the kiln king was built at Yongchang kiln in Dexinli, Jinyuan County, Tang'an County". There are 27 characters in total hanging on it, and it is known that Dayi was born. The porcelain kiln, known as Yongchang kiln in the Tang Dynasty, was located in Dongguanchang, Chongzhou today."
"In addition, it is also recorded: Milky white and stamped middle plate fragments were also excavated from the soil in Huaiyuan Town, Chongzhou, and pink-white plain pottery fragments were excavated from the soil in Pucun, Guan County."
"These are important information, we know it. , when Dayi was first established as a county in the Tang Dynasty, it was named Jinyuan, and Dayi’s county seat was named Jinyuan Town, which is why it came about.”
"The third year of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty was one year before the Anshi Rebellion. It was still in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Dayi Kiln had a statue of the kiln king decorated with white glaze, and the kiln king was like an ancient porcelain practitioner. The enshrined statues show that the ancestors of Dayi who fired kilns and made porcelain had a long-standing belief in the kiln king. ”
"Mr. Xiao Gu also described the processing technology of the white porcelain fragments unearthed at that time: adding cow ashes to the white glaze will make it milky white, and hanging the whitest soil on the white fetal bones, it is called 'makeup soil'. If you add more Apply white glaze, the whiter it looks It’s amazing.”
“Since the 1980s, Sui and Tang kiln sites have been excavated near Dayi County. Many ancient porcelain kilns in Dayi have been discovered in Jinyuan Town. No discovery was made in Da Nan Street, the county seat. There are few porcelain and porcelain pieces, and a very exquisite Hekou dish was found."
"Experts have verified that the site here is a porcelain relic from the Tang and Song Dynasties, as well as a large number of folk porcelain and exquisite pieces with local characteristics. Fragments of white porcelain. The porcelain body of this kind of white porcelain is fine and hard, as thin as paper, with a glossy glaze and extremely fine workmanship. "
(End of this chapter)