Chapter 1050: Apple Zun
“Elbow, do you want this?” Lin Wanqiu was already looking through the porcelain, and found a kiln-glazed small-mouth bottle among them, and took it out.
This object is shaped like a big apple, with a short neck, a small mouth and a round belly.
In terms of device type, it is called "Apple Zun".
If you add a few tile grooves and ribs to the apple part of the Apple Statue, the Apple Statue will become a "Pomegranate Statue".
Among Zhou Zhi's collections is a Kangxi Dynasty cowpea kiln-turned red pomegranate statue that was picked up from a street stall. If this object had arrived, it could be paired with the pomegranate statue.
"Qingbo Miscellaneous Notes" once mentioned: "In Jingde, Raozhou, there is a kiln change in the grand view, and the color is red like cinnabar. The abnormal objects are monsters, and the kiln owners are in urgent need of breaking them."
Kiln variation is actually the natural color caused by the unexpected changes in the firing temperature and reduction environment inside the kiln, resulting in uncertain changes in the glaze color on the surface of the porcelain.
Of course, this kind of color can be divided into good and bad. Most of them will become dark and ugly. Those things are called "kiln diseases". Only a few of them are colorful and eye-catching and can be called "kiln treasures". .
When kiln treasures did not form an aesthetic trend, the appearance of one kiln treasure was no match for the huge loss of a kiln of waste porcelain. Therefore, the kiln workers hated kiln corruption.
Later, with the unremitting pursuit of the art of porcelain firing, people gradually mastered the secrets of kiln transformation and began to be able to reduce the failure rate of kiln transformation. Only then did kiln-transformed glazed porcelain begin to be produced with its colorful and natural color changes and unique aesthetic appeal. Got people's favor.
In fact, kiln-glazed porcelain and Jun kiln-glazed porcelain have quite a lot in common. Although the glazes and clays are different, the color formation principles and color expressions are generally similar.
The Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties have been working hard to imitate the famous kiln porcelain of the Song Dynasty. Kiln-varnished porcelain has become the main force in imitating Jun kiln kiln-varnished porcelain.
We even went to the extreme on this basis, pushing the temperature control and reduction environment control in the kiln to the pinnacle, and firing kiln-turned porcelain with uniform and pure colors. Porcelain species - cowpea red, sacrificial red, until the last Langhong.
Yes, Lang Hong, whose color is extremely pure, was actually fired using the kiln glaze process, which requires controlling the ever-changing kiln environment to an extremely stable and constant state.
In an era when there were no electric furnaces or monitoring instruments such as furnace temperature and oxygen concentration, this kind of operation was like dancing on a tightrope.
Every time you add firewood or open a window to observe, it may change the environment in the kiln. A slight mistake may turn a kiln into a garish and defective product.
In comparison, kiln-changing glaze is much better. It encourages such environmental changes, because environmental changes will bring about color changes. The difference between kiln-changing glaze and Lang Hong is that Lang Hong mainly focuses on " "Constant", while kiln glaze mainly focuses on "change".
Two ends of one thing.
This kind of technology was not truly mature and controllable until the Qing Dynasty.
The apple statue in Lin Wanqiu's hand is a typical example. From top to bottom, the mouth is light green, the short neck is yellow-green, transitioning to orange, then red on the belly, and then transitioning into a circle of purple on the lower abdomen. A flow of glaze began to appear at the bottom, but the flow of glaze and the base color merged into a royal blue.
From the perspective of the color level of the kiln, this apple statue covers a complete transition from warm to cold colors. The colors are much richer than Zhou Zhi's existing green, yellow and red pomegranate statue.
Looking over the apple statue back and forth for a while, he put the small jar back on the table. Zhou Zhi felt very satisfied: "This is a really good thing. The Qianlong official kiln turned into a glazed apple statue." Zhang Cheng immediately He reached out and picked it up, turned it over and looked at the bottom of the book. It was clearly written with the four-character square two-line seal script "Yongzheng Year System" on it.
“Another sustenance payment?” Zhang Cheng looked a little confused. He came from a folk background and was best at identifying blue and white and underglaze red bucket colors and pastels and enamels. The most common types of porcelain in Jingde kilns, monochromatic porcelain among official kiln porcelain have also been studied a lot, but for some special varieties such as cowpea red, Langhong, kiln variable glaze, tea powder glaze, etc., the knowledge is not as good as That's it.
However, judging from the fineness of the mark and the bottom of the tire, this is something from an official kiln. Even if Zhang Cheng didn't know whether it was a sustenance payment, he could tell that it was from the third generation of the Qing Dynasty.
Because the open door of this utensil is very conspicuous, otherwise Lin Wanqiu would not have pointed it out at a glance.
This is not about digging out the house. Today's situation is special, so everyone has nothing to hide and simply holds an appraisal exchange meeting.
"Elbow, what are the specific differences between Yongzheng kiln glaze and Qianlong kiln glaze?" Lin Wanqiu looked over it over and over again, and put the jar back on the table, leaving Fei Guan to get started.
“The Qing Dynasty kiln modified glaze was restored by Tang Ying, the pottery supervisor, and its purpose was to satisfy Yongzheng’s aesthetic pursuit of the Song Dynasty Jun Kiln kiln modified porcelain.”
"The newly fired porcelain basically achieves the artistic effect of the Jun kiln porcelain of the Song Dynasty, which is 'clouds, water, light and purple green'. At the same time, three new types of 'flame green', 'flame red' and 'new purple' have also been created. Color characteristics. ”
“The so-called flame green and flame red are the intersection of kiln-change colors and non-kiln-change colors. The sink part shows a filament-like structure in the shape of a flame. This structure is expressed from bottom to top. Compared with the flowing pattern from top to bottom of the original Jun porcelain, it creates a more beautiful artistic feature. "< br>
“The new purple is a kiln discoloration caused by the purer glaze. This kind of purple It is more pink and brighter than Song Jun's purple, so people use 'new' to describe it."
"Unfortunately, this craft was lost after Tang Ying, and the glaze of the Qianlong Dynasty deteriorated into color spots. , lacking the delicate expression of the flame filaments, the transitional color parts, especially the purple and orange-red parts, become a piece of The shape distribution, whether compared to the flowing smoke pattern of Song Jun or the flame pattern of the Yongzheng kiln glaze, appears to be dull."
"These three characteristics have become the characteristics that distinguish the Yongzheng Dynasty kiln glaze. This Apple Zun is not from the Yongzheng Dynasty, but is a deposit from the early and middle Qianlong Emperors.”
"Then why isn't it from the late Qianlong period or even later dynasties?" Fei Guan, whose appraisal level was the worst among all, raised this question.
“Because of the fetal foot.” Zhou Zhi said: “As I just said, the kiln glaze is a type of porcelain produced to imitate the Jun kiln. The porcelain body used by the Jun kiln was from the Song Dynasty. Kaolin was not commonly used at that time. , Song Jun's porcelain body is similar to pottery's black body and reddish brown body."
"Jingde porcelain uses old clay, so in order to imitate the Song Dynasty Jun kiln, the kiln workers will You can apply a layer of sauce-colored glaze on the bottom of the porcelain body to simulate Song Jun's black-brown body."
"The Yongzheng kiln's glaze imitation is very detailed, and the shade distribution is deliberately created on the bottom glaze. Make it more antique."
"The glaze of the Qianlong Dynasty's kilns was much rougher, which may have been caused by the different aesthetic tastes of Qianlong and Yongzheng."
"Qianlong was not as fond of kiln glazes as Yongzheng, so the kiln workers were happy to be lazy. Whether it was trimming or glazing, they were not as meticulous as Yongzheng. In the end, they simply canceled the soy sauce on the base and replaced it with the turquoise green glaze that Qianlong liked. , plus the blue and white logo.”
“This apple statue. Although the bottom tire was also painted with a sauce glaze, the tire repair was not as fine as that of Yongzheng, the soil used was not as delicate as that of Yongzheng, the inscription was not as delicate as that of Yongzheng, and the base glaze was more even than that of Yongzheng. These are the characteristics of the Qianlong Dynasty. ”
(End of this chapter)