Chapter 1562 Top-grade Paper
“Since then, there have been two paper-making centers in Shu, namely the hemp paper-making center by the Jinjiang River and the leather paper-making center in Guangdu.”
“Bulk hemp paper transportation and sales Chang'an is used for more solemn official purposes such as copying books and drafting official documents; Guangdu paper is more widely used among the people, such as public and private books, deeds, pictures, documents, and printed books. ”
< br>"Shu The linen paper and vellum paper in it were already famous all over the world. "
"In the Five Dynasties, the emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, set up a paper business in Yangzhou and asked for papermaking craftsmen in Shu. He was one of the Six Gentlemen of Sumen. Chen Shidao He made detailed research on the origin of famous paper in the Song Dynasty and wrote in "Houshan Tan Cong" that "the main purpose is to find the water source suitable for papermaking." .”
"In the end, the craftsmen discovered that 'the water of Liuhe is the same as that of Shu', so they built a paper mill there, and finally created paper that was as light and smooth as Guangdu leather paper, and worked more carefully, and finally got the 'light' Li Yu was very happy about the crisp and exquisite Liuhe paper, and his destiny was hidden in Chengxintang. This is the origin of Chengxintang paper."
“By the Song Dynasty, Chengxintang paper was already very famous, but the Song people’s pursuit of Shu paper was still no less than that of the previous generation.”
“"Jian Zhi Pu" once recorded, Including Tokyo Bianliang, "Sifang Li Guichuan Jian" was famous for its jade chips, cold gold and other varieties. ”
"Wen Yanbo, a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem in "Shu Notes": "The plain notes are as bright and moist as warm jade, and the new ones are reproduced in cold gold." Sima Guang also wrote, "The Huanhua Notes from the West are soothing. The clouds shine brightly on the hand." He also praised her as "Ying Ruo Cai Zhuolin" in "Sending Leng Jin Jian and Xingzong" and said humbly, "I am so talented that I am not worthy enough to write your poems." "It is admired by others" - it means that this paper is so good that I don't deserve to write it, so I might as well give it to you to write your masterpiece."
"There was a 'Jiaozi' in Sichuan at that time, which was to 'make Chu as a coupon'. , internal and external imprints, secret titles, and ink ink. In addition to the three major centers of the Song version of the book, Meishan in the middle of Sichuan has also become one."
"Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, the quality of Sichuan paper was still very good. The court ministers wrote to the emperor saying that there were too many counterfeit banknotes. The main reason was that in the past, all Sichuan paper was used. The materials were refined and the workmanship was meticulous. People wanted to buy counterfeit money, but it was difficult to do so. ', later 'mixed with Sichuan and Du paper', and later 'all used Du paper' This led to a surge in counterfeit banknotes on the market, which affected commercial transactions and taxation. "
"The final solution was for the imperial court to admit that the quality of the banknote printing paper produced by other paper bureaus was not high enough, and ordered Shuzhong to copy and transport it. , use 20 million to make the four outlines every year."
< br>"After that, the Mongolian and Yuan armies launched a large-scale attack on the Song Dynasty, captured Chengdu three times in succession, and burned and killed them. This battle did not end until Diaoyu City abandoned its defense in the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, and lasted for many years."
" During this period of war, Sichuan's population of tens of millions dropped sharply to less than one million. , due to the loss of skilled workers and the destruction of the industrial system, the world-famous Sichuan paper has declined. "
"From then on, except for a small amount in Jiazhou, the quality in Sichuan has been lost. Excellent paper for calligraphy and painting.”
"It was not until a thousand years later that Mr. Daqian used local bamboo and Qingyi River water in Jiazhou Jiazhou to produce Jiajiang bamboo paper with improved papermaking technology."
"It is a misfortune. , or it may be another kind of luck. Chengxintang paper was so famous in history that it was almost exhausted in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. , among the collections handed down to this day, Han Qian's "Five Horse Pictures" can be confirmed to be on Chengxintang paper, and Cai Xiang's "Chengxintang Tie" is a sample sent to others, because the content of the ruler is written on It is very clear - "A piece of Chengxintang paper is of the same size, thick and thin, and solid. The craftsman is unwilling to do it, but he is afraid that he will not be able to do it. He will not get it if he tries it." See. The paper is so fine that it seems that it can be made. On the Double Ninth Festival of Guimao, "Xiang Shu" was developed. Using advanced technology, we have produced a new type of 'cold gold paper', which is highly sought after."
"Leng gold paper is also divided into two types: patterned and non-grained. It is divided into silk pattern and rib pattern, which is actually an upgraded version of cloth-headed paper. "But just because the luxurious cold gold paper became popular, the simple and unpretentious cloth-headed paper was protected in disguise, especially one kind of cloth-headed paper. It is entirely possible for Mr. Daqian to obtain it after a thousand years.”
"Which one is it? Can it be proved?" Luo Zhongrong asked.
“It’s the first batch of deeds that were made and used as contract paper by the government and kept in the warehouse.”
“In the Song Dynasty, the management of house and land transactions was very Strictly, the buyer and seller need to go to the government to sign a contract in triplicate and stamp it before it becomes legally binding. If the contract is signed privately, it will not be protected by the government and laws. It is called a 'white deed'."
"White deeds can evade taxes, so the government not only does not protect them, but also cracks down on them severely."
"Business in the Song Dynasty was very developed, and such deeds were used in large quantities. Large, the deeds will be stamped with the official seal in advance, and the number of deeds will be counted. Every once in a while, new deeds stamped with the official seal will be issued, and the previous batch of deeds will be collected and destroyed. ”
"This method is similar to the current important voucher management system in banks, but if the paper quality of a certain batch of deeds is particularly good, the government's approach is not to actually destroy them, but to quietly sell them to merchants."
“This practice later became a business in the yamen, and the clerks would use squid ink. Instead of using ink to seal the deed, these marks will disappear over time. This was originally a commercial fraud technique. After they learned it in the process of handling the case, they did not dare to commit big things, but this kind of petty theft behavior became "It's a slippery thing."
"Your officials are as clean as water, but your officials are as slippery as oil!" Mao Yunsong sighed.
“However, because of their behavior, they also produced a batch of high-quality Song edition books.” Zhou Zhi was a bit dumbfounded: “Many of the books that remain in the world today were written in what was then called ‘ku’. "This kind of paper is made of paper for printing."
"This kind of paper is also divided into categories. The most common ones are sold to merchants, and the high-end ones are usually used to bribe officials. Another place to go is in monasteries and Taoist temples. Copy the scriptures and pray for blessings.”
"Send the stolen paper to the temple to pray for blessings, it's a shame they can think of it!" Lin Wanqiu spat.
Zhou Zhi also found it funny: "But no matter what, a batch of Song Dynasty paper has been preserved in this way. The method to prove them is actually simple now. I recently saw some at the National Museum Research Institute New instruments and new methods, There is a special photography technology that can reveal the dark patterns of calendered flowers on paper thousands of years ago."
"Now we have discovered that the "Long Live Tongtian Tie" copied by Wang Fangqing of the Tang Dynasty, The hard yellow paper used for ring extension has calendered ribs on it. ; Cai Xiang's "Tao Sheng Tie" is calendered with curly grass patterns, and "Zhi Tongli's Farming Papers in the Current Dynasty" is made of ribbed calendered paper with butterfly patterns."
"Wang Gong's "Northern Journey Tie". 》The ruler slip is a peony curly grass pattern with a phoenix and bird pattern; Su Shi's ruler slip to the chief officer Dong Hou is Gorgeous and exquisite peony curly grass pattern; "To the Supreme Filial Principle Yanping Guojun" is a hexagonal tortoise shell brocade pattern, with a small turtle hidden in each hexagon; "To Yunju Taifu Ruler", you can see the broken branches after processing Plum pattern.”