Chapter 1592 The biggest outlet
On August 25, 1986, at 4:11:24 Geneva time, Switzerland (11:11:24 Beijing time), Wu Weimin from the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, was at the BJ710 Institute On an IBM-PC, he remotely logged in to the account of VXCRNA Wang Shuqin, a machine at CERN in Geneva, through a satellite link, and sent an email to Steinberger in Geneva.
In September 1987, with the help of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany, Professor Wang Yunfeng and Dr. Li Chengjiong established an email node at the BJ Institute of Computer Application Technology (ICA) and sent it to Germany on September 20 An email with the content "AcrosstheGreatWallwecanreacheverycornerintheworld." was successfully sent.
Subsequently, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the IHEP network in China, which became the earliest high-performance computer network established in China at that time. It was connected to the computer network of CERN that year, and subsequently in 1991 In March, it was connected to the computer network of the Stanford University Linear Acceleration Laboratory (SLAC), and in March last year, it was connected to the US Energy Science Network (Esnet).
The "Zhongguancun Area Education and Scientific Research Implementation Demonstration Network" in the capital was also formally established by the National Science and Technology Commission in April 1990. The largest domestic network was established in the BJ Zhongguancun area using loans from the World Bank and domestic supporting funds. computer network. It includes a backbone network and three university networks: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, and Tsinghua University. The total investment is 70 million yuan, and the backbone network was opened in December last year.
In addition to these, there is another important event, that is, on November 28, 1990, with the efforts of Professor Wang Yunfeng and Professor Werner Zorn, China’s top-level domain name .CN was registered. From then on, China has own identity.
However, since China had not yet achieved full-featured connection with the international Internet at that time, China's CN top-level domain name server was temporarily located at the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.
April 20 this year is a "groundbreaking" day in the history of China's Internet development. China finally has full access to the international Internet and becomes the 77th member of the international Internet family.
There is no doubt that this will be the biggest trend in the world in the next few decades from now.
The first suggestion Zhou Zhi made to the country at that time was to immediately migrate the domain name server to China, and at the same time start the registration of international domain names for major well-known domestic companies.
In line with the current lack of technical strength and the principle of "whoever proposes, solves the problem", the state directly handed over these two glorious tasks to Shu University, with Clover Company undertaking the main technical work.
Of course, the domain name itself is also a relatively confusing matter. To put it simply, a domain name is similar to a correspondence address, which is stored on the domain name management server. In the history of the development of the Internet, there have been A certain amount of confusion. According to general rules, www represents the World Wide Web server. There are a lot of domain names on the server. Among them, those ending with .com generally represent commercial companies, those ending with .net generally represent Internet companies, and the rest include .org, which represents international official organizations. , .edu, represents educational institutions, etc.
This type of domain name is called a top-level domain name, and there are a lot of second-level domain names below them.
For example, .cn represents China. There can be a lot of second-level domain names under it. In theory, as long as they are various enterprises, institutions, schools, official and unofficial organizations related to China , you can submit information to apply for registration.
But take Clover Company as an example. It is a commercial company, so it can be www.Clover.com, and it is an Internet company, so it can also be www.Clover.net , in addition it is a Chinese company, of course it can also be www.Clover.cn.
After a barbaric development, the use of domain names by various units has become diverse.
At this time, the importance of portals, search engines, and browsers is reflected.
For users, this identification work can be left to the maintenance companies of these websites, engines, and browsers. They only need to enter "Clover Company" in the browser or portal website, and then click to jump. In the result list that comes out, just mark the link to the official website of Clover Company.
For China, .cn is its own top-level domain name, and its management can be managed very standardizedly by relevant departments. The registration process can be very standardized, but the other ones are American companies. In the management, there is a considerable degree of anarchy spreading, and the management is chaotic. It is possible that www.four-leaf clover.cn is a serious official website, while www.four-leaf clover.com and www.four-leaf clover.net It's a scam website. If the domain name yellow pages are to be established and managed well, it will not only be a domestic matter, but also divided into two businesses.
One is foreign top-level domain name management, and the other is domestic second-level domain name management.
The second derivative is to cooperate with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce for registration management; and for the first one, it is to rush to register. When foreigners do not care about the rules, they can first use them to register at will. Management loopholes, using unruly methods, to set the rules for domestic merchants first.
Coupled with these managements are domain name management servers, retrieval servers, and browsers.
Browsers are one of the important software for accessing web pages through computers. In the era without browsers, people accessed the Internet more often through commands and instruction sets, directly logging into the server, and accessing the server directory. Visit to complete the surfing process.
This method has always been retained, especially the access method using the FTP protocol, which has always had its convenience and vitality.
But for most "newbies" who use computers, memorizing these instructions is of course not as simple and convenient as using a mouse to click randomly.
With the emergence of graphical windowed operating systems, supporting network access methods have also developed, from CERN in 1990, ERWISE, VIOLAWWW in 1992, MAC version CERN, that is, SAMBA, to MOSAIC in 1993.
The amazing thing is that Microsoft, as the leader of the operating system, does not pay attention to browser research and development. The University of Illinois, which owns the MOSAIC name and code copyright, is determined to "commercially develop" its own browser. Netscape used Mozilla to transform MOSAIC into another famous software - NETSCAPE, the Netscape browser.
This package is actually very simple. It just adjusts the user interface based on MOSAIC to make it more convenient to use. It also adds an SSL secure transmission protocol to allow information to be transmitted during the transmission process. encryption.
Even in the "post-modern" browser era, the security protocol, namely TLS, is still based on this protocol, so this is a protocol with very strong vitality.
Of course, in the initial stage of the Internet, SSL was not the only similar protocol, and various software had its own advantages. All technology companies that are interested in developing in the Internet industry, of course, when choosing their own reserve IP, Everyone will have a choice.
Of course Zhou Zhi would choose SSL. After all, this is the most successful choice for future generations, and then he developed his own browser-IE.
No doubt, it is INTERNETEXPLORER, but it is missing a prefix - WINDOWS.
IE and NETSCAPE are actually very similar, but NETSCAPE is designed based on UNIX, and IE is designed based on windows. The development software used is VC based on Clover COS, so both in terms of development speed, it is different from WINDOWS. In terms of system compatibility, ease of software use, and system response speed, it surpasses NETSCAPE in all aspects.
Prior to this, Zhou Zhi led Clover Company to actively embrace the IETF and became an important member of it, working together to refine and package SSL3.0 into SSL1.0.