Two kinds of data were collected for this astronomical phenomenon. One is based on the direction of the Zhou army's march from west to east, and the Sui star should appear in the east. The other is to understand "dang" as directly above, and Jupiter appears directly above the army.
As for the calculation of "Jiazi", three calendars are also used, namely the Xia calendar, the Yin calendar, and the Zhou calendar. The "Jiazi" days of these three calendars are also different.
Finally, all the data were gathered together for comprehensive analysis, and a key date appeared in the results calculated by the program - January 20, 1046 BC, Jiazi Day of the Zhou and Xia Calendar, at 6:30 in the morning. When it was still dark, Jupiter appeared in the east, high above the horizon, and could not be blocked by the height of buildings and trees at the time.
So, the exact time of the Battle of Makino has been calculated!
And this calculation also solves several textual research problems. The first is the correct interpretation of the word "Sui Ding" in the Li Gui inscription. Sui no longer means a year, or the beginning of the year, but It is a clear "year star", while tripod needs to be understood according to the interpretation of bronze inscriptions, and is interpreted as "dang".
And this "dang" has two meanings, one is "overhead" and the other is "directly above", here it should be interpreted as "overhead".
Science, in turn, demonstrates textual exegesis at this moment. This also opens up a new direction for text exegesis.
King Wu defeated Zhou, swore an alliance to Mu Ye, and was a pioneer in right history. He destroyed the country in one day, the Zhou Dynasty promoted virtue, and Jiazi conquered the world for eight hundred years.
The establishment of this point in time is undoubtedly a major event that shocked the country. It is also the first time that the country has brought together multiple disciplines such as literature and history, epigraphy, archaeology, astronomy, geography, meteorology, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computers. Experts, work together to solve the mystery of literature and history.
This achievement is actually due to the accumulation and development of national literature and history, philology, paleography, and exegesis to a certain extent, using modern astronomy and mathematics, new methods of physics and chemistry, and emerging information technology, etc. It is a tool that is hard to come by in the world, a multi-disciplinary integration, and gratifying results obtained from cross-regional cooperation.
Rather than saying that this is the genius creativity of Director Song, Zhou Zhi and An Chunjia, it is better to say that it is the inevitable result after accumulation and development to a certain extent.
The deciphering of the Li Gui inscription and the establishment of the central point of the Shang and Zhou chronology are actually the tip of the iceberg of achievements and their manifestation on the water.
Below it are the "Yin and Shang Oracle Bone Zhen Divination Chronicles" and the "Xia and Shang Wednesday Positive Calendar" created by Zhou Zhi and An Chunjia using the records of solar and lunar eclipses in oracle bone inscriptions.
Coupled with the recent "Five-Star Celestial Perpetual Calendar" based on the Sanzheng Perpetual Calendar in order to verify the Li Gui inscription, it is the real research result.
This is a solid foundation for the official start of the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty Project".
Many experts and scholars in the past had doubts, not that they were wasting their efforts, but that they would not be able to achieve results after spending a lot of financial and material resources on the country, and would not be able to explain to the people of the country. Now that we have the two results of the "Chronology of Oracle Bones of the Yin and Shang Dynasties" and the "Time Points of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties", everyone has a great sense of confidence.
On August 1, the first meeting of the preparatory committee for the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty Project" was officially held in the capital. The country officially included the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty Project" into the nine "Five" key scientific and technological research projects, and established it as a multi-disciplinary joint research project that combines natural sciences with humanities and social sciences, mainly studying the chronology of the Xia, Shang and Zhou historical periods in Chinese history. Scientific research project.
If the project goes well, it will be possible to provide a time scale for studying the origin and development of ancient Chinese civilization.
Although the national news media is arguing. However, in academic circles, the timing of the Battle of Makino has caused a lot of controversy at home and abroad.
There are also many reasons for opponents.
For example, the two sentences "Sui Ding Ke Wen Su You Shang" on Li Gui and "Sui Zai Zai Huo" in "Guoyu" are two sentences that some scholars from the island country think should not be directly related.
Although "Sui in Quail Fire" involves a "dividing theory", which is to divide the sky into twenty-eight constellations. This theory appeared in the Warring States Period, so the Sui in the Battle of Makino in "Mandarin" cannot be , associated with the "Sui Ding" on Li Gui, we cannot use "Guoyu", a book written during the Warring States Period, to verify that people at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty would also pay attention to the position of the Sui Xing.
This leads to the second doubt. According to this, some scholars believe that the word "Sui" in the inscription "Sui Ding Ke Wen Su You Shang" is more likely to mean "year", and does not refer to "Sui Xing" ". Some scholars also believe that the astronomical basis for denying 1044 BC and selecting 1046 BC as the era of the Shang Dynasty is not consistent with the "four-quarter rule" in the bronze inscriptions on the recording of moon phases.
The so-called "moon phase quartering method" is Wang Guowei's way of explaining the common "first auspiciousness", "jiwang", "jishengba", " An opinion put forward by moon phase terms such as "Ji Shi Ba".
Although historians have formed the origin of the pre-Qin fixed-point theory of moon phases long before the Han Dynasty, what is nerve-wracking is that even the ancients’ interpretations of these moon phase terms are not consistent.
"Han Shu·Lü Li Zhi" records Liu Xin's statement: "The death of a hegemon is Shuo. The birth of a hegemon is Wang." However, Han Confucian interpretations of the meaning of the word "ba" are not consistent.
Generally speaking, the ancients thought the moon was round, but the light and shadow would change. The bright part was called "moon", and the non-bright part was called "po".
In ancient texts, "ba" and "po" are often used interchangeably.
So when Meng Kang annotated Liu Xinzhi's saying, he said, "After the second day of the month, the moon will be alive and the soul will die."
The moon and soul are undergoing changes in master and slave on the moon in reincarnation. This change is called the moon phase.
However, the ancients also held an opposite understanding to Liu Xin and Meng Kang, and regarded the smooth side as "so".
So there is another record in "Five Hundreds of Fayan": "When the moon is not seen, the spirit is in the west; when the moon is seen, the spirit is in the east." And in "White Tiger Pass·Sun and Moon" What was recorded: "One becomes a soul in three days."
In the Qing Dynasty, the scholar Yu Yue wrote an article "An Examination of Hegemony in Life and Death", which corrected Liu Xinzhi's theory and believed that "only in the ancient sense, the hegemon is the light of the moon. Shuo is the hegemony of death." Extremely, hope to become the ultimate hegemon."
And for each day of the moon phase, a "bronze moon phase table" is listed using the pre-Qin words "Ji", "Pan", "Life", "Death", "Zi", and "Ba" in conjunction with "Ba".
This is the "moon phase fixed point theory".
However, this statement is also out of science, and later scholar Wang Guowei made some corrections. He also wrote an article "The Examination of Life and Death", which stated that "the day of January is divided into four points: one It is called Chuji, which means from the first day to the seventh or eighth day; the second day is called When Ba is born, it is said that it has started from the eighth or ninth day to the fourteenth or fifth day; when it is said to be Wang, it means after the fifteenth or sixth day to the twenty-second or third day; when Ba is dead, it is said that it has been since the twenty-third day. It will be dark in the future."
This is the "four points of the moon phase".
Wang Guowei used the four-point theory to verify some calendar dates and found that all of them could be explained. From this, the four-point theory emerged and gradually became mainstream.
Now the problem arises. The date of the Battle of Makino, which was verified through the use of Li Gui characters and Mandarin, is not consistent with the records in Mandarin based on the moon phase. Instead, it is consistent with the "Modern Bamboo Book Annals" The records there are similar.
However, the authenticity of the book "The Chronicles of the Bamboo Book" is itself questionable in academic circles. The records about the Western Zhou Dynasty in it were not used in the dating project. Some scholars believe that this approach is inappropriate.
If all the above questions can be explained, although the carbon-14 calculation program used by the "project" can compress the age interval to within plus or minus twenty years, it only has a confidence level of 68.3%. The academic community has the loudest doubts about this point, believing that the reliability of using such a method is too poor. (End of this chapter)