Chapter 1801 What you pay for is what you gain
“If, I mean if.” Director Song recorded some of the key points Zhou Zhi said, and then asked: “From the perspective of our Chinese archaeological relics and history Let’s go, what do you think the elbow should be like? How to define civilization? "
"I think it is enough to stick to one thing - social structure. When a society develops to a certain scale, management problems will inevitably arise, so no matter what form it is carried out, managers It will definitely appear."
“We actually don’t care whether the manager belongs to a class or a class. As long as it becomes a common phenomenon, we can define this kind of society with professional social managers as civilization.”
“This kind of manager may appear in the form of a divine envoy, then the ritual architecture of this society is most likely to be religious; it may also appear in the form of a monarch, then the ritual architecture of this society , it is most likely to be more palace-like.”
"Society needs to support this group of full-time managers, and they also need to have privileges that are different from those under management, and to reflect these privileges, so this presence must be seen in the ruins."
" For example, the existence of privileges may be reflected in the division of special, higher-level tombs, tomb areas, and residential areas; if the effects of management can be It is reflected in the separate establishment of agricultural areas and handicraft areas, or the construction of city walls, the existence of palace areas, the distinction between Chinese areas and savage areas, etc."
"Specifically, the metal that is repeatedly emphasized in Western classifications. , writing, ritual buildings, city-states, armies, classes, etc., we cannot consider them as the core of civilization, we can only call them It is the 'embodiment of civilization' and can be used as a reference to comprehensively judge the development level of the society in which it is located, but it is by no means an indispensable rigid standard."
"For example, if there is no writing, we can also use Tao. The artistic level can be seen in the murals, which can be seen from the musical instruments, building height and direction, etc., which prove the development of human thinking and science at that time. height; there are no metal farm tools, but the scale of farming can still be calculated from the storage area, number of residents, farming varieties, etc.;"
"I don’t know if there are classes, but we can at least tell from the tombs whether private ownership has Does the gap between rich and poor already exist? Does the privileged class already exist? ”
"After translating all these archaeological evidences, we can get the 'stage' of the society at this site at that time, and thus confirm whether it belongs to a civilization."
"After having this theory, , we can combine historical classics The activity areas of the Xia people in the records were drawn, and then among the many ruins, the ruins with the largest scale, the most complex division of labor, and the most developed comprehensive strength were established as the core areas of the Xia Dynasty. "
" In the oracle bone inscriptions, the word "district" already exists , expressed as 'this place', often connected with a certain area, meaning 'somewhere'"
"The Zhou people often called their territory "Youxia", "Yi Zhou Shu·". There is a saying by King Wu in "Du Yi": "Since Luo Yanyi, he has lived in Yi without solidity, and he has lived in Xia."
"The combination of the two is 'District Xia'. For example, there is a sentence in "Shu·Tang Gao" that "Yong Zhao makes me District Xia". This is the usage inherited from the Yin people, and was later referred to The Chinese 'ethnic domain' originally refers to a region."
"Thus, we have defined the concept of 'Xia Dynasty', which is a large-scale human society with a highly developed and stable social structure, city concept and regional boundaries within the historical Xia Dynasty activity area."
< br>"Based on the current archaeological evidence, Erlitou is the most consistent." Zhou Zhi smiled meaningfully: "At the very least, it is much more reliable than Homer and Herodotus."
Director Song nodded: "This matter is serious, and we need to convene all parties to discuss it. But I personally very much agree with your point of view. "The two things you just mentioned are very important. One of them is. All archaeological evidence can only be a 'reflection of civilization' rather than a 'mark of civilization'. Secondly, whether a relic is civilized can only be determined after considering all 'reflections of civilization' and determining its social development level."
“And I believe these two points are After the academic circle proposes it, it will definitely receive a lot of support, because it is not only in line with our Eastern viewpoints, but also the development of several Western viewpoints. Through such expansion, it has completed the unification of several of their different viewpoints. In fact, It is also a refinement and abstraction of several of their views.”
"I'm not studying sociology or archeology." Zhou Zhi said, "I'll have to trouble you, Director Song, for the details. I'm waiting for your good news."
The two exchanged a few more pleasantries. Zhou Zhi stood up to say goodbye and walked to the door. Zhou Zhi suddenly remembered something: "By the way, the discussion about the definition of civilization , I wrote a paper and published it in the JOURNALOFCULTURALSOCIOLOGY journal of the Institute of History and Anthropology of the University of Cambridge. I also had several correspondence discussions with Mr. Steve, the director of the institute, and his wife, Ms. Rosalind. They were also very Agree with this view. ”
"If you need some help from the West, Steve and his wife are a good choice."
"Your connections are quite wide." Director Song said in surprise: "Why Cambridge University We have contacts with the deans of the Institute of History and Anthropology.”
“Hi!” Zhou Zhi said, “He. You must have heard of our daughter, the female foreigner who performed in the Spring Festival Gala, Fu Xia! This Fu Xia was originally an exchange graduate student at Shu University. Didn’t I need material for writing "Miscellaneous Talks about Sichuan Flavor"? She just happened to be I am also a foodie. We visited many restaurants together in Shudu and never made a single order! ”
"Their family owes me a huge favor!"
"Yes, yes, I have an impression." Director Song remembered Fu Xia's name as soon as he heard it: "She is still recording that The show, Food Detective, my kids love watching it!”
"Yes, her thesis is also about Chinese food culture. After finishing the thesis, she will continue to study for a doctorate in China. It seems that she is not interested in knowledge, but in pursuit of our Chinese food."
"The ministry has also organized several overseas trips. I have also been to the UK. Their country Those things we eat at home..." Director Song was under a lot of pressure during this period. Now after talking to Zhou Zhi, he feels a lot more relaxed, and now he is even more happy: "Haha, I understand the little girl anyway."
What Zhou Zhi encountered during this trip to the capital Many of them purchased the Panfang Lei body and donated it to the Hunan Provincial Museum, contributing the scientific research results of the oracle bone bonding-related projects, strengthening the confidence of the Science and Technology Commission in launching the Xia, Shang and Zhou chronology project, and reminding the country to make its voice known to the world. Proposing a new definition of civilization, etc., are actually contributions.
However, there are also many gains. First, he has verified his influence in the collecting world and promoted the return of Pan Fang Lei; second, he has made new acquaintances with some big figures in academia and politics; third, he has learned new identification methods—— The protein molecular clock identification method confirmed that the paintings of the four houses of the Six Dynasties are rare books. Among them, Gu Kaizhi's "The Legend of Women" is the second half of the National Palace Museum collection; Lu Tanwei's "Bamboo" "Lin Qixian and Rong Qiqi" is a copy of the painter Li Zhaoqing in the late Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty; "The Ruyi Wheel Bodhisattva" is an authentic work by Cao Buxing, the earliest surviving manuscript by a famous artist, and the scroll is also by Cai Xiang, Mi Fu and Chen Shidao Authentic Dharma books, among which the calligraphy of Chen Shidao, one of the six Sumen disciples, has been discovered for the first time; the only one that is doubtful is Zhang Sengyao's "Han Wu Shooting Jiao Picture", but through molecular clock identification, it is also a copy of the Northern Song Dynasty.
(End of this chapter)