Chapter 1830 Confidence is very important
After eating a piece of chicken, Zhou Zhi continued: "What I mean is, if we can use other methods to prove that the residents of a ruins have inheritance behaviors Does the existence of it mean that they have a fixed way of retaining and disseminating knowledge? Although there is no evidence of the use of writing, as long as there is such evidence, then this ruins Can we name it civilization?”
“It’s not okay to be afraid, right?” Liang Guangping is engaged in scientific research after all, and his logic is very strict: “If this is the case, the various relics of the Paleolithic Age It can also be regarded as civilization - the production of large quantities of Paleolithic tools cannot be done by just one or a few people in the tribe. This shows that the primitive humans at that time already had knowledge. How to preserve and spread it!”
“So it is not enough to judge whether it is civilized by just relying on this factor. Some other factors should be added,” Zhou Zhi said: “Such a knowledge inheritance system is enough. Maintain the continued development of a huge city-state society."
"Or I can use the Maya as an example. Each city has a population of 5,000 to 50,000. The main cities include Tikal, Oaxacton, Copan, Bonapack, etc., with a maximum population of 15 million. There are nobles in each city. Common people have slaves, workshops, city walls, castles, temples, and professional divisions of labor. It can be seen that they have developed farming technology and agricultural product production, as well as superb construction technology and astronomical technology.”
"But the Maya did not develop metallurgy, nor invented the practical wheel, so should they be considered a civilization?"
"Another example is the Inca Empire. They were strong in the fifteenth century and were able to build In the majestic mountain city of Machu Picchu, metal manufacturing has been developed, but there is still no writing, and it is still at the stage of knotting knots to record events, so they cannot be considered as writers. Ming? ”
“Another example is the inhabited areas of many ethnic groups in the history of our country, such as the Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty. They were once so powerful that they gave the Han Dynasty a headache. They did not have writing, and the nomadic people did not have cities, so they also Isn’t it considered civilized? "
After Zhou Zhi said this, everyone felt that the so-called "three elements of civilization" of metal, writing, and cities were a bit bullshit.
Seeing that everyone understood, Zhou Zhicai said: "So the Western theory of three elements is a weird conclusion and has no basis at all. So we should put forward our own definition of civilization. It has a fairly large scale of social groups, a stable and complex social structure, enough to support various social divisions of labor in this structural system, as well as production and exchange activities such as agriculture, handicrafts, animal husbandry, commerce, etc. that can support this structural system, as well as security And effective knowledge inheritance system ”
"The essence of civilization is an 'advanced' social organization, so what we need to do is start by analyzing this social organization, rather than adopting rigid definitions."
"Then why are you talking about this? Where is the Xia Dynasty?”
“After we redefined the meaning of civilization, Westerners said that we did not have the same theory as the Xia Dynasty. Words are useless," Zhou Zhi said: "As long as we combine historical records and the large-scale human settlement remains we have excavated in the corresponding areas, and use the new definition to judge whether it belongs to civilization, then we may come to a conclusion - —Within the activities of the Xia Dynasty recorded in traditional historical records, it had a highly civilized structure and population size, and at the same time lived in clusters with other human beings in the region Is it the Xia civilization whose relics can create a significant distance?”
“I think the biggest mistake made by our country’s cultural and historical workers is why we must use the appearance of the word ‘Xia’ as a discovery? Standard, or must the existence of writing be the criterion for discovery?”
“Yes, because the Xia Dynasty itself does not necessarily have gold? It belongs to processing ability and writing." Liang Guangping's eyes lit up: "We only need to make a comprehensive judgment based on the various characteristics left in the ruins that can reflect the level of civilization at that time. If it can be concluded that it is the level of a dynasty, then As long as the age and scope of activities match the records in the history books..." "Then it must be the Xia Dynasty!" Liu Hongtao also understood.
We are all influenced by Chinese civilization. This way of thinking is obviously more in line with the recognition of Eastern people. Compared with the "three elements", everyone feels that it is more scientific to do it this way.
"So Grandpa Chiri deserves a lot of credit for this research result." Zhou Zhi waved his fist and said: "It proves that the prototype of Chinese characters may have appeared ten thousand years ago, which is enough to cover the vast majority of the history of Chinese civilization. In the age of some ruins, let alone the fact that the existence of writing cannot be defined as a standard of civilization, even according to their standards, now we have the confidence to not lose to them. . ”
“With this confidence, when we introduce our own defined standards of civilization, the other party will not be able to use our guilty conscience as an excuse. This is the key, isn’t it?”
This? It's like a duel between two people. The other party holds a knife and you use a gun. Of course you will win, but the other party can incite public opinion - if you have the ability, you can use the knife, but what does it mean to use a gun? ! The rule of our competition is to use a knife, ah, you don’t have a knife, right? Sorry, you are not eligible to participate!
Now the proof of the Jiahu talisman has given researchers of Chinese literature and history a knife to hand. If we propose new standards for civilization on this basis, the world's public opinion will not think that China proposes to change the rules because it cannot meet the relevant standards. .
This point is actually very important, and is even related to the success or failure of the new standards. The country has not launched it together with the concept of human heritage before. It is difficult to say that there is no consideration in this regard.
Now that Director Song is considering this issue again, he is planning to change a department to promote this work. It is difficult to say that it has nothing to do with this matter. After all, with this, the conditions are more mature.
Chiri is an old Bimo. Every Bimo is actually a sociologist and psychologist. He is best at grasping the psychology of groups. Of course he understands what Zhou Zhi means and admits in his heart that he is right. It actually makes sense.
But I knew what was going on in my heart, and it was impossible to say it out of my mouth. I picked up the wine glass and said: "You can still make some contribution to the country at such an old age. You have to thank me for those things you gave me." Old Bimo can’t write an article.”
"Don't you dare to make such a joke!" Zhou Zhi was so frightened that he quickly picked up the wine glass: "I'm just a clerk. I can only speak Rezaliza Amizi in Yi. It's all thanks to your walking dictionary that I can do this." "
"Let's do it together!" Tu Liangzhi also picked up the cup and greeted everyone: "Let's congratulate you together!"