Chapter 1975 Changing Customs
The two greatest achievements of Mrs. Musk are in culture, one is the promotion of Confucianism, and the other is the reform of Yi language.
She loved reading in her early years, especially Chinese books. She absorbed a lot of nutrients from Sinology and realized the importance of Sinology. For this reason, she wanted to start Sinology. She believed: "The Han culture of Confucius and Mencius can cultivate morality and nourish the body, and then educate the world and benefit all people." "After taking power, Mrs. Shexiang established a Confucian school and professor in the Xuanwei Envoy in Guizhou. In order to learn and introduce Han culture and strengthen and promote cultural exchanges between Yi and Han,
on the other hand, she also carried out effective reforms in the use and dissemination of Yi characters.
Before this, Yi writing had mysterious properties, which was an exclusive skill that only Bimo could master. Mrs. Shexiang liberated it from the mystery, broke the ice of traditional taboos, and made Yi writing appear on a large scale. On carriers such as epigraphy and stone books, the scope of use of Yi script has gradually expanded.
Finally, during her regency, the function of Yi script expanded from its traditional function of chronicling scriptures and recording history to daily life such as keeping accounts, contracts, recording ballads, and correspondence.
After the proportion of the population who mastered writing increased, various types of scriptures also experienced explosive growth. As Han paper and pen and ink were widely used by the Yi people, the cost of recording scriptures also decreased. , the preservation period has also become longer, so that countless Yi classics, which were only passed down orally through Bimo and often disappeared after death, can be preserved in the form of words.
In this sense alone, Mrs. Shexiang is to the Yi people what Confucius is to the Han people.
On the way to Bimo Cave, Lao Chiri introduced Zhou Zhi and his party to the past and present of the Yi scriptures.
This time Lao Chiri also led the horse team, with pack cages hung on both sides of the horses, walking on the abandoned Tea Horse Road, which was quite ancient, and also made Chi, who was leading the film crew, Xue Li was very satisfied.
But Zhou Zhi found it strange: "That place can actually lead to the horse team? Won't it be easily exposed?"
Places that can lead to the horse team are usually "wide roads" like the Tea Horse Road, such roads Generally, in ancient times, there would be people coming and going and it would be relatively busy, so Zhou Zhi first thought of this issue.
"You will know when you get to the place." Lao Chiri remained mysterious.
The horse team walked for a while, and Zhou Zhi saw an abandoned building complex. The buildings here were built with stone walls, but now there are only four walls left, and there are no tops. .
"Pantuo Village has arrived." Lao Chiri said: "When we get here, we should split up."
"Divided road? Where is the road?" Zhou Zhi looked up and saw ruins on one side of the narrow mountain road in front of him. It seemed that in ancient times, this place should have been a prosperous settlement with business travel. Now it is completely desolate, and some vines are all gone. It grew up to the wall of the village.
"Is there any archaeological value here?" Mai Xiaomiao asked. She often spends time with Zhou Zhi now. On weekends, they all go to visit the ruins. They have learned to first look at the archaeological value when seeing ancient buildings. think.
"There shouldn't be any. Even if there is, an archaeological team has already arrived." Zhou Zhi said: "Such a large settlement on the Tea Horse Road must be an important transportation and supply station. Generally, it is When it comes to ancient books, at least local chronicles must be Remember, if it really has archaeological value, the local archaeological team must have been here long ago."
"And the Yi people believe in fire. In ancient times, the Yi people also advocated cremation after death. Grandpa Chiri and I. Judging from the collected information, it was not until after the Ming and Qing Dynasties that Due to the influence of Han culture and government control, burials were changed to burial in some areas that were greatly influenced by Han culture. However, in core areas such as Daliang Mountains, the custom of cremation is still relatively weak or even unrestricted. "Jiuzi told me about Jiajing Qianzhong Tongzhi It is said that the funeral of the local Yi people is to "burn them in the wild and scatter their bones." I think it is a bit exaggerated. The Yi customs recorded in Yuexi Hall say that they are burned with fire and buried with earth and rocks, which is almost the custom here. ”
"When we carry out cremation here, the man lies on his back and the woman lies on her side. A firewood tower is set up for the cremation. After that, the bones are collected and put into a clay pot. Several loyal and elderly children are ordered to bury them in the deep mountains and old forests without anyone knowing. Prevent enemies from stealing it.”
“Yes, since it is hidden. It is done secretly, so burials and the like are not used at all. In other words, there are almost no funerary objects that can be left, and there is no archaeological value. "
"This custom is quite good. "Chi Xueli nodded and said: "We will work with the central government to ensure security. "
Zhou Zhi said: "That is just consistent with the current central government. In fact, the custom of cremation and burial in urns was also popular among the Han people in the Song Dynasty. It was not generally banned until the Ming and Qing dynasties, and it was changed to Burial, governments at all levels at that time in order to 'cultivate customs ', That's a lot of effort. Who would have thought that a few hundred years later, the custom of cremation would be picked up again, and the custom would have to be cultivated again."
"Really?" Chi. Xue Li couldn't help but be surprised: "Cremation is also popular among the Han people?"
"Actually, Sister Chi, you already knew about this, but you just didn't pay attention." Zhou Zhi smiled.
"Impossible, I would definitely pay attention if I knew." Chi Xueli expressed disbelief.
"In "Water Margin", after Wu Dalang was poisoned, didn't Pan Jinlian cremate him? Shi Naian's description is that after Wu Dalang died, his family immediately bought a coffin and presented it to the 'Tuantou 'Uncle He Jiu reported, please He came to do the autopsy. The next day, the "Huo Family" from the incarnation site came to collect the body and carried the coffin for the funeral. After the body was burned at the incarnation site outside the city, the bones were dumped into the bone pool. "
"Based on this description alone , we can know that the cremation custom was quite popular at that time. "Tuantou", also known as "Wu Zuo", was specialized in assisting county magistrates in examining corpses when hearing cases involving human life. They must be trained before they can take up the post. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wu Zuo had been included in the list of The function of the staff of the county office is equivalent to that of the current medical examiner. "When a person dies, the family must report it to the deceased in a timely manner. Only after the autopsy is conducted by the deceased is determined to be a normal death, can the funeral be carried out."
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"The 'Huo Family' is responsible for collecting corpses and carrying coffins. They are people who specialize in handling corpses."
"The crematorium is the current crematorium. The crematorium also has a 'bone removal facility' Pool', there is water in the pool, corpse After cremation, the unburned bones are dumped into the 'Bone Pond'"
"Whether it is from the perspective of the system, participants, or process management, the cremation custom in my country has become popular in the Northern Song Dynasty, and local governments have been very strict about it. Cremation already An effective management system has been implemented and corresponding services have been provided."
"Ah? Really!" Chi Xueli laughed and thought about it and found another place to refute: "But. "Water Margin" is a novel, Although it is written about the Song Dynasty, the author is from the Ming Dynasty. "
Zhou Zhi smiled and said: "Let's talk about notes. Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu" said: "The custom of cremation was prevalent in the Ming Dynasty." Jiangnan has existed since the Song Dynasty. ”