"The paper used for the lead is mostly Song Jing Jian, Bai Song Jian, etc. The paper quality is similar to the Song tail paper. The upper and lower edges are inlaid with silk to form the head of the sky, which is separated from the water. The lead is separated from the water. The heart is separated from the water. The inscription and postscript are framed with a trailing hand scroll. This style has been followed through the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. "
"After adding the introduction, the calligraphy and painting are framed. The protection effect of the works is better and it is more suitable for the appreciation needs of the appreciators. In addition, the scroll style of the Ming Dynasty was innovated on the basis of the "colliding edge scroll" of the Song Dynasty, and two forms of edge-turning and set-edge mounting were added. It enriches the craftsmanship of hand-roll mounting. ”
“As a mounting method for paintings to be appreciated on the desks of literati, in addition to In addition to scrolls, there are also albums. ”
“Albums were produced in the Tang Dynasty. For the mounting of albums, whirlwind mounting, Buddhist clip mounting, sutra folding mounting, butterfly mounting and other methods were used. This is because people found that the albums were longer. The length of the work was very inconvenient to read, so a more concise mounting method came into being. ”
"The album mounting method was still popular in the Ming Dynasty. Based on the mounting method of the previous generation, the five-panel mounting method appeared, which used five strips of one color for decoration. Since then, as the literati's love for folding fans increased day by day, There is also a more suitable way to mount folding fans - push-top mounting. ”
"But generally speaking, most of the albums in the Ming Dynasty are still butterfly-shaped. Butterfly-shaped albums usually have printed pages on the front, and the main page is generally made of silk and continues to open. In addition, there are also new forms in which the folding fans are changed into album pages or hanging scrolls. These two types were not available in previous generations.”
“Of course, as the most common display need for large paintings, framing is the best explanation. The vertical scroll is a vertical form of calligraphy and painting. When appreciating, the line of sight needs to move vertically up and down to see the entire rectangular painting. This is a typical form of calligraphy and painting, and it is also a relatively fixed frame pattern in the mounting of calligraphy and painting. "
"The Ming Dynasty followed this pattern. In the past, the experience of mounting calligraphy and paintings, using custom patterns and decorations for mounting was still very popular in the Ming Dynasty. However, many changes were added, and the mounting styles became more diverse, mainly including the two-color silk circle, silk, sky and earth, imitation Song Xuan Such as the works of the Ming Dynasty painter Miao Fu. The painting "Luan Bird Painting" imitates the mounting style of Xuanhe decoration in the Song Dynasty, using the element of narrow eaves. However, Zhu Duan's mounting of "Night Scene Along the River" breaks through the constraints of the traditional thinking of the Song Dynasty and creatively uses wide beige colors. The edge brocade circle and dark blue floral brocade fabric are used as mounting materials, reflecting the distinctive characteristics of Ming Dynasty mounting. ”
"Compared with the styles of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the dimensions of the top and bottom of the vertical axis in the Ming Dynasty have been significantly lengthened. The top of the sky is about 55 cm, while the top of the ground is 30 cm. The medium size is longer, with the top of the sky being about 66 cm. The ground is about 33 to 50 centimeters. These also reflect the richness and innovation of the mounting technology at that time. "
"Due to the prosperity of calligraphy and painting in the Song Dynasty, mounting was very important. Art has developed unprecedentedly, and mounting styles have become rich and diverse. As society became more stable and prosperous, the most representative style of mounting with local characteristics was gradually formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "
“Wu suit, also known as Su mounting, flourished in the Xuanhe Painting Academy in the Song Dynasty and flourished in Huaiyang and Suzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It occupies a very important position in the art and culture of mounting Chinese calligraphy and painting. "
"In the Ming Dynasty, northern assembling schools often used black damask with patterns such as dragons, phoenixes, and clouds and cranes, such as this "Portrait of Lady Luxury", while folk decorations mostly used dark blue, green white, and moon white. . ”
“In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, with the rise of literati painting and the prevalence of Wu School of painting, the influence of Wu suit began to become obvious. It is about to become a framing school.” “The framing materials chosen by Wu suit are gradually based on light-colored silk, which is a bit more scholarly than northern assembling. It pays attention to finesse and meticulousness, and the mounting pieces are neat and flat. Stiff, with plain silk or light-colored silk as the mounting material, the color is more quiet and elegant, the cutting is smooth and decent, and the finished product is often large and soft. ”
“Restricted by the climate conditions in the south and influenced by Suzhou’s craft style habits, Wu Zhuang is extremely rigorous in the details of framing, and at the same time pays great attention to the mildew and moth-proofing of the finished product.”
“ In Wu during the Ming Dynasty, calligraphers and painters and framers often had close contacts. Influenced by calligraphers and painters, framers often had close contacts. His social status has begun to improve, which has a significant effect on improving his own skills and taste. After contacting many calligraphers and painters, the framer also has a better understanding of the appreciation styles and preferences of literati. "
"After hundreds of years of experience, After years of inheritance and development, Wu suit has finally formed a unique and widely used style, which is adopted by most parts of southern my country. The framing style adopted eventually formed the famous "Yanggong" in the Republic of China, which together with the "Jinghuo" in the north became two unique styles, one in the south and one in the north."
"In addition, other works such as screens, Murals and even folding fans can actually be included in the art of framing. Today, there are many modern technical means that can Introducing, for example, adding insect repellent during mounting can prevent moth infestation; vacuum display cabinets can reduce the contact between calligraphy and painting and air, slow down oxidation, and better protect calligraphy and painting works; such as introducing the latest identification methods such as molecular clocks , determine the age of organic matter, etc., to help determine restoration plans, etc. ”
“And our new generation of framers can become comprehensive innovative talents with profound traditional cultural heritage and unique aesthetics, so that more damaged calligraphy and painting cultural relics can be scientifically protected and repaired, restored to their original appearance, and better preserved. Pass it on."
"The current "Portrait of Madame Shexiang" was pre-deduced by us using the project process progress management tool. The scientific schedule was completed, shortening the repair time from the past few months to seven days."
After explaining this, Zhou Zhi gently pulled a silk rope next to the wall, and the work wall was covered with water. The soft silk curtain slowly opened, and the "Portrait of Lady Shunde, Regent Shuixi's Ambassador to Xuande", which was carefully restored and restored to its original appearance, was finally displayed in its most complete way before everyone's eyes.
Mrs. Shexiang in the painting finally reveals her true face that has been hidden for hundreds of years. She has a dignified and thin appearance, with soft but tough eyes. The court dress of the second-ranking wife of the Ming Dynasty is now revealed. The color of the dress is red, and the court dress is covered with a blue woven gold Xiapei, which fully reflects the style of Han costumes, making Mrs. Shexiang look less like a Yi minority and more like a Han.
However, there are still two places that reveal that this is a person with a high position in the Jisi area of the ethnic minorities in the Ming Dynasty. First, Mrs. Shexiang’s earrings are two large gold rings, which was seen in the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties. It is unique among the portraits of the married women. The second one is Xialei's pendant, which is the image of a very strange golden mask.
Zhou Zhi knew, however, that it was a legend about the ancestors of the Yi people. This ornament, which looked like a golden mask, was actually called "Alu", which means dragon.
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“In the legend of the Yi people, in ancient times, the dragon eagle dropped three drops of blood from the sky and fell on the virtuous Pu'ao Yi, and the girl became pregnant. , gave birth to a baby on the Dragon Moon and Dragon Day of the year, and later became a great hero, the ancestor of the Yi people, and the protagonist, Zhige Alu, in the documentary "Leoteyi" on Yi classic poems that Chi Xueli is currently producing. "Zhouzhi explained Said: "Zhige Alu means dragon son. There is a universal worship of dragons among the Yi people everywhere. This pendant is actually a miniature version of the mask used by the Yi people at the Dragon Sacrifice Festival."
“The dragon mask and the earrings were revealed after the scroll was restored, which also happened to indicate the unique identity of Mrs. Shexiang.” (End of this chapter)