Chapter 202 The big one is coming (7.4K)
As the current top one in the field of quantum encryption in China.
Academician Pan's attainments in particles are also very high. After all, the two are connected in some aspects.
In addition, he also knew Xu Yun's abilities and personality quite well, and knew that his student would not lie easily.
For example, he never pays back the updates he owes, doesn't delay, etc.
Therefore, after receiving the report from Xu Yun.
He immediately informed Zhao Zhengguo of the situation at HKUST.
Half an hour later.
Xu Yun arrived outside the Synchrotron Radiation National Laboratory of USTC and entered the base through the access card.
The HKUST Co-radiation Laboratory actually looks very ordinary from the outside, a bit like a covered gymnasium - the kind with an old decoration.
The main entrance of the laboratory is a parking lot. There is a small fountain pool in the center of the parking lot. People often do not spray water during the day and spray it in the early morning
But this is just an appearance.
The real core of the co-radiation laboratory is not on the ground, but underground.
The upper part is actually called the light source storage ring hall. In the center of the hall is a large equipment similar to a wellhead, which leads directly into the ground.
Deep underground in the laboratory, there are circles of special coil equipment. The price of one meter starts at 50,000 to 60,000 yuan.
At the same time, it is different from the first-generation light source used by the Yanjing Electron Positron Collider.
Co-radiation uses second-generation light sources, and it is currently the only second-generation light source collision equipment in China.
In his previous life, when Xu Yun was studying, he was frightened by a senior who told him that a bag of instant noodles would be inedible within the first two days.
Later, he found out that it was used by those old guys to tease newbies, and they would like to use this name to take advantage of newbies’ instant noodles
However, although Xu Yun was frightened for several days, he really had no complaints about it.
First of all, it was mainly a friendly joke made by the seniors. In fact, they often brought some delicious food to share with everyone. In that environment, everyone became very close.
Secondly,
Those who Xu Yun was taken away were all Laotan pickled cabbage noodles. I don’t know how the senior feels now. Anyway, after the 315 party, Xu Yun directly forwarded the relevant video in a private message.
His eyes returned to reality.
The location agreed upon by Academician Pan and Xu Yun is next door to the light source storage ring hall, in a dedicated conference room above the deputy height.
When Xu Yun arrived outside the conference room.
The door to the conference room is opening inward, allowing you to see clearly what's going on inside.
At this time, Academician Pan was sitting on a chair opposite another man with a round face and a hairline that showed he was a strong man, and they were talking and laughing with their legs crossed.
Xu Yun leaned half of his body into the house and knocked gently:
"Teacher."
Academician Pan looked up at him and nodded:
"Oh, Xiao Xu is here. Come in quickly and remember to close the door."
Xu Yun answered yes, closed the door after entering the house, and walked quickly in front of the two of them:
"Hello, teacher, hello, Academician Zhao."
The academician Zhao mentioned by Xu Yun is naturally Zhao Zhengguo, one of the academicians of the School of Physics of USTC.
He is sixty-six years old, older than Academician Pan, and also an old man from the University of Science and Technology.
Although Zhao Zhengguo's reputation at home and abroad is not as great as that of Academician Pan, he is still an extremely capable scientist.
He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013 and one of the candidates for the Hundred Talents Program. He is currently the general director of the Particle Physics and Technology Research Center of HKUST.
At that time, he also served as the head of the University of Science and Technology of Science and Technology, a member of the ATLAS international cooperation team of the LHC main detector. He was the one who observed the flying pion beam that is a headache for many students today.
After meeting Xu Yun.
Zhao Zhengguo pressed the cigarette butt into the ashtray and spoke a greeting with Chinese characteristics:
"Xiao Xu, have you eaten?"
Xu Yun smiled at him:
"Already eaten."
Zhao Zhengguo nodded and motioned for Xu Yun to sit down.
Then he paused and asked straight to the point:
"Xiao Xu, Xiao Pan just came to me and said that you accidentally discovered a particle track?"
After hearing this, Xu Yun pondered for a moment, took out his notebook from the backpack he carried with him, and logged into the Aurora system.
Then he pushed the notebook in front of Zhao Zhengguo and said:
"Academician Zhao, I have transferred all the data to the Aurora system, well. From this line of work onwards."
Zhao Zhengguo took the notebook steadily and read it carefully.
After watching it for a while, he raised his head in surprise:
"S-wave separation type 32.7? So light?"
As everyone knows.
The lower the S-wave separation, the longer the S-wave phase shift, which means the lower the scattering amplitude.
What does this mean?
It's like bungee jumping.
Due to the conversion of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy.
The amplitude of the vibration produced by a normal person and an ear root after falling is different. The lighter the person, the smaller the fluctuation or amplitude will be.
The Λ hyperon is the smallest mass hyperon, and the 4685Λ hyperon observed by Zhao Zhengguo and his colleagues is the lightest among all Λ hyperons.
That is to say, its S-wave separation is the smallest.
But even for ultralepton such as 4685Λ hyperon, its S wave separation formula is still as high as 34.2.
But the S-wave separation formula of this particle deduced by Xu Yun is only 32.7.
In other words.
The new particles deduced by Xu Yun are lighter than the existing 4685!
This is very interesting
Academician Zhao then continued to read.
After a few seconds, he raised his eyebrows again.
in the microscopic realm.
The orbits of particles involve extremely deep angular momentum problems, so the orbits of each particle are generally far apart.
To use a realistic metaphor, A and B are two magnets that attract each other. If they want to slide on the ice, they must not be too close to each other.
For example, a distance of three to five meters will do.
But the particles deduced by Xu Yun are not like this.
Its orbit and that of 4685Λ hyperon are equivalent to only five or six centimeters in reality, but the two do not interfere with each other. This is a very, very rare situation.
Think of this.
Zhao Zhengguo immediately sat up, took out a pen and a piece of paper from his body, and began to calculate carefully.
Shashasha——
The sound of the pen tip sliding was like a natural white noise in the quiet conference room, making people feel inexplicably calm.
Xu Yun and Academician Pan just sat quietly, waiting for Zhao Zhengguo's calculation results.
As the saying goes.
There is a certain order of learning and there is a specialization in the art.
As one of the leaders in the domestic particle field, Zhao Zhengguo has much higher attainments in related fields than Xu Yun and even Academician Pan.
Like a pulse.
Ordinary people may only feel a clicking vibration when feeling the pulse, but an experienced Chinese medicine practitioner can use this to determine your physical condition, when to open the table, etc.
Twenty minutes later.
Zhao Zhengguo took a long breath, slowly put down his pen, picked up the water glass and took a sip.
At this time, Xu Yun noticed that his fingers seemed to be trembling slightly.
After a few seconds.
Zhao Zhengguo put down the water glass, turned to look at Academician Pan, and said with emotion:
"Xiao Pan, after Xiao Lu, you have brought in another good student."
Academician Pan glanced at Xu Yun and said with understanding:
"Academician Zhao, is Xiao Xu's derivation correct?"
"I'm afraid it's more than just being right."
Zhao Zhengguo took off his glasses, rubbed the bridge of his nose with his index finger and thumb, and then said:
"According to the results calculated by Xiao Xu, there is likely to be a special particle in that orbit, and the relationship with 4685 is likely to be consistent"
"Meson exchange theory."
"Meson exchange theory?"
Hear the word.
Academician Pan was slightly startled, and then his pupils suddenly shrank.
Meson exchange theory.
This is a theory that has been proposed for a long time, but there are still few front-end research results.
The explanation of meson exchange theory is actually very simple:
The exchange of a single pion produces a long-range attraction between nucleons.
Double pion exchange produces saturated mid-range attraction.
The exchange of ρ and ω mesons produces short-range repulsion.
The spin of the pi meson is zero.
Called scalar meson.
The spin of ρ and ω mesons is 1.
called vector meson.
Their rest mass is not zero, which ensures the short-range nature of nuclear forces.
The non-scalar nature of the vector meson ensures the spin correlation of the nuclear force.
It involves the relativistic single Bose exchange potential, the non-covariant perturbation theory of nuclear force meson exchange, as well as the energy-independent N-N meson exchange potential and Paris potential, etc.
Pretty simple, right?
However, although the concept is well understood, in practice it has never achieved any key results.
At present, the best proof of the meson exchange theory is the K meson, plus a D0 particle of bottom quark.
Meson is still like this.
Not to mention the superon, which is also a hadron.
As for what use this theory has?
The conceptual value naturally puts the first priority on the study of nuclear forces - the nuclear forces here do not refer to nuclear power in the traditional sense, but to the force of the atomic nucleus, which is a type of strong interaction.
Students who were not mad at the physics teacher should all remember it.
The four basic forces are gravity, electromagnetism and strong and weak forces - the real meanings of the latter two are strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force.
More importantly.
All forces discovered so far are different forms of these four forces, without exception.
Therefore, the current unification of the four can be called one of the most important things in the world of physics, and it belongs to the eighth unification in physics. (Let’s play a little game. Can anyone write out the first seven times in full? If so, I’ll add another chapter this month)
If someone can unify gravity with the other three forces, his status will not be lower than that of Einstein.
The exchange theory of mesons/hyperons involves the extension of strong and weak forces, and two or three steps behind it is the space-time model.
And gravity is the distortion of space and time, so this is a difficult but theoretically feasible path on the road to unification.
So its theoretical value goes without saying.
As for the reality, there are two main points.
The first point is the meson exchange theory, or the study of Λ hyperons, which can help us study neutron stars.
When the spectral profile of the first black hole photo in human history was taken, the hard drive used to collect the data used related technology.
Other than that.
Λ hyperons can also play an extremely important role in the optimization of the Milky Way model - this is half-cold and half-hot knowledge, that is, we can currently observe many extragalactic galaxies, but the shape of the Milky Way is optimized through simulation.
Because we are within the Milky Way, we cannot observe the shape of the Milky Way from the outside.
It was not until 1918 that humans determined that the center of the Milky Way was in the direction of Sagittarius.
It was not until more than ten years ago that our solar system was located on the second cantilever of the Milky Way.
at the same time.
Relevant optimization of the Milky Way model is carried out every year. For example, we still don’t know how many black holes there are in the Milky Way. The number of stellar black holes in the Milky Way derived from the initial mass function, which is the IMF, is about 100 million, but Only more than fifty are actually known.
The Λ hyperon is a type of particle that is extremely abundant in neutron stars. If we can obtain research results on it, our understanding of the universe may be deeper.
Of course.
The real value that is closer to real ordinary people may be the second aspect - the optimization of electronic equipment.
The decay encryption of Λ hyperons is also one of the current directions of chip research, and its core lies in the maximum degree of polarization.
Once the Λ hyperon energy breaks through, mobile phones, supercomputers and even energy sources will all experience substantial development.
As for the current research progress on Λ hyperons
Considering that some students have already failed the course and are about to cry, here is a human explanation that is not academically rigorous but actually makes no difference:
The maximum degree of polarization can be viewed as the degree of exploration.
The 26% previously achieved by Zhao Zhengguo's team represents a quarter of the resolution of Λ hyperons.
This number is obviously insufficient in terms of research. Just like if you finished a quarter of a short movie, you may not have finished the foreplay.
But if a new particle can be discovered that conforms to the exchange theory, then everything will be completely different.
Think of this.
Academician Zhao suddenly couldn't sit still. He looked at Xu Yun with a somewhat eager and sincere expression:
"Xiao Xu, can you authorize this data of yours to our team for research?"
"You should know that our team ranks at least among the top three in the domestic hypertron field. There is no need to introduce more in terms of capabilities."
"If we can make a breakthrough in Λ hyperons, then certain technical blockades will become a joke. This is not empty talk!"
"The God particle was discovered by RunII of the LHC, but it involved the electroweak unified field theory rather than the grand unified theory."
"If we can catch up with Europe and the United States in terms of hyperon theory, there will even be a good chance to compete for the right to define the field!"
After saying this, the muscles on Zhao Zhengguo's face were trembling:
"That's the right to define"
"In this era, the right to define a field is the hegemony of the field! In a sense, it is"
"National destiny!"
Looking at Zhao Zhengguo, whose neck was a little red with excitement, Xu Yun suddenly felt a surge of emotion in his heart.
In today's Internet age.
Mention the word ‘academician’.
Many people tend to think of the words "parallel imports" and "benefit transfer".
Tell the truth.
As the highest-level professional title in China, academician is destined to have nothing to do with politics or business.
Just like there must be a black character in a Hollywood movie, it is an unavoidable link.
But this does not mean that the professional title of academician is not good, nor should these individual cases be used as a weapon to attack China's scientific research industry.
For example, the ‘baijiu academicians’ that many people criticize.
In fact, she was just a co-optee proposed by GZ Province, and was not included in the final co-optation list.
There is also Yan Ning who has been mentioned by many people.
Her situation is more complicated. The main reason why she cannot be selected as an academician is that her teacher is Shi. This is a purely internal problem. Didn't Lao Niu overturn Hook's table back then?
Similar is Cauchy, who directly tricked Abel and Galois into dying young
This situation exists everywhere, and in some countries even more so than at home.
For example, Kolmogorov, Vladimir Arnold, and even Kenji Fukaya next door were also victims.
Another example is that many people like to talk about academician Li Ning’s corruption, saying that so and so has falsified his paper, etc.
But the problem is that there are many overseas
For example, Piero Anversa, former professor at Harvard Medical School and director of the Regenerative Medicine Research Center, had 31 articles retracted due to academic fraud.
There are also two brothers, Michel and Andre Nussenzweig, who were born in a famous family of immunology.
Their biological father's 1980 paper laid the foundation for the scientific revolution in malaria molecular biology and vaccinology. Their biological mother published more than 230 scientific papers in her lifetime and won numerous international awards.
One of these two brothers is a professor of immunology at Rockefeller University and a double academician of Eagle AAA and NAS.
The other is a cancer researcher at the Eagle National Institutes of Health. He has submitted dozens of articles to CNS main journals relying on the halo left by his parents.
The result?
The two brothers were later exposed to have falsified their papers, and some of the results were simply photoshopped by someone, which is much more outrageous than what is done in China.
Another example is the Nobel Prize in 2018, which was even awarded to the two engineers who first discovered it. A bunch of Princeton physicists were waiting for them but refused to give it.
In the end, those two engineers didn’t even enter academia. What can you say?
Another example is the rumored retraction of 1,564 SCI papers around the world, with 536 domestic papers taking the first place. Many people said, "Your country has serious fraud."
But what are the facts?
The fact is that among these 536 articles, 174 were withdrawn because the translation did not match the pictures. They were republished after many proofreadings.
There are also 41 papers written by the Seven National Defense Scholars - for details, you can search for the sanctions against Harbin Institute of Technology across the sea. I won’t go into details this time. In short, it has nothing to do with fraud.
After deducting these, the number of domestic publications withdrawn is just over 300.
The number of withdrawn journals from Eagle is 255, and the number of domestic journals published is 3.4 times that of Eagle. It is self-evident where the real fraud-hit areas are.
Unfortunately, due to the lack of public opinion, few people know the truth, or no one really wants to know how many bowls of noodles you have eaten.
Undeniable.
There are indeed many problems with the current domestic scientific research evaluation system, and many academicians are not all academically upright and upright. For example, Xu Yun himself knows some people who are corrupt and even engage in sex trade.
But it is completely unreasonable to use individual examples to criticize the scientific research evaluation system.
This approach is also unfair to many academicians who devote themselves to scientific research.
Actually.
After tobacco academician Xie Jianping became an academician, within a week hundreds of academicians jointly requested a review of his qualifications.
It's a pity that the matter involved too much, and in the end some forces intervened but failed.
Today, there are more than 800 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and nearly 900 academicians of the Academy of Engineering, totaling 1,700.
There are probably only fifty or sixty "fake academicians" rumored on the Internet today without any evidence.
Many of them were anonymously dumped, but even if they all have problems, what proportion do these people account for in the whole group?
Are the remaining 1,600 academicians like Zhao Zhengguo, many of whom can't even pronounce their names, but who have actually contributed a lot, been AOEed together like this?
How deplorable.
Think of this.
Xu Yun couldn't help but take a deep breath and force himself to calm down.
Then he glanced at Academician Pan, who nodded to him knowingly.
After getting permission from his teacher, he immediately said to Zhao Zhengguo:
"Professor Zhao, just copy the data. We are all from HKUST. If I don't support you, who can I support?"
Zhao Zhengguo was stunned for a moment, then slapped Xu Yun heavily on the shoulder:
"What a good boy, you are indeed Xiao Pan's student, so I won't be polite!"
Xu Yun gritted his teeth and rubbed his arms. Academician Zhao’s strength was really worthy of his hairstyle.
Since particle collision projects require approval from higher-level departments, many links are involved.
Therefore, the experiment certainly cannot start immediately.
For example, the co-radiation collision magnitude of HKUST ranks third in the country. Although the second-generation light source has a lower energy level, the cost of scientific research is still very high.
Collisions of Λ hyperons like this generally require more than a month to prepare, and the relevant funds are about five million Chinese coins, which can probably collide three times.
Don't be too expensive, this is because the binding energy of Λ hyperon is not high.
For example, the LHC in Europe costing US$8 billion costs more than US$2 million to start up once.
It's early December now, and if all goes well, the project will probably start in mid-January next year.
Half an hour later.
The data transfer between the two parties is completed.
Seeing that Zhao Zhengguo was about to report on the project and Pan Shuai seemed to have a task, Xu Yun wisely stood up and said goodbye.
As a result, as soon as he left the Tongradiation Laboratory, his cell phone rang in his pocket.
"If I can make it before dark, I will dig out your eyes~"
Xu Yun took out his cell phone and took a look.
The visitor was clearly Gu Qunqing.
He quickly walked to a shady place and answered the phone:
"Hello, Aaron?"
After a while.
Gu Qunqing's somewhat urgent voice came from the other end of the phone:
"Dr. Xu, something happened!" (End of Chapter)