Chapter 230 The third-ranked genius in the history of human physics!
"."
Look at the prompts on the light screen in front of you.
The muscles on Xu Yun's face twitched a few times, and his mood was a little subtle.
Is this a flag collection?
Actually tell the truth.
Judging from the information available at the time, there was not much problem with Xu Yun’s derivation:
When Will and Thomson reported their names, the halo did not give any prompts. At the same time, Thomson made it clear that he was going to Cambridge to find an old professor.
Considering that the main character must be related to Thomson, Halo also seems to like to discover some unpopular characters.
Xu Yun thought of Hopkins. The derivation process was completely reasonable and no major omissions could be found.
The result was unexpected.
The name Will is actually a vest number, and the true identity of this Scottish young man is actually Maxwell!
What about Maxwell
In the 21st century when Xu Yun traveled through time.
There are two issues that have always been quite controversial among the people. Basically, when they are raised, there will inevitably be disagreements.
The first is the sweet, salty and spicy dispute over tofu nao.
The second is who is the greatest scientist in history between Newton and Einstein.
Mentioned a long time ago.
"Nature" did not select the 20 greatest physicists of the past millennium in 2000. That was a rumor spread on the Tianya Forum.
Because for websites and magazines, no one dares to characterize this issue in an official capacity.
But on the other hand.
Although those journal websites do not take sides on their own, they occasionally provide platforms and organize activities for industry insiders to vote.
For example, PhysicsWorld and PhysicsWebSurvey often do this kind of thing.
From 1999 to present.
There have been 29 selections by scientists organized by the core journals in the Q1 area of JCR.
TV station B and C also organized two selections in 2007 and 2011 before the ICONS column came up with those underworld operations.
29+2=31.
This number is the total number of scientist selections organized by authoritative journals and media since the new century.
And in these 31 selections.
Mavericks or Lao Niu has occupied the first place 14 times, and Einstein has occupied the first place 17 times.
The fight between the two can be said to be inseparable.
And while the two gods were fighting for the number one position, there was one person who was as stable as a rock in the third position.
He is Maxwell.
In these 31 selections.
Except that Galileo occupied it four times and Plank occupied it three times.
The third place chosen in the remaining 24 times was without exception Maxwell.
So, how awesome is Maxwell?
Maxwell was born on June 13, 1831 in Edinburgh, Scotland.
His father was a defense attorney named James Clark.
The reason why Maxwell has an extra surname of "Maxwell" is because the Clark family and the Maxwell family have a deep relationship.
For example, Maxwell Jr.'s great-grandmother came from the Maxwell family, and Maxwell Jr.'s father also inherited some real estate from the Maxwell family.
However, although Maxwell came from a wealthy family when he was a child, he was often ridiculed by his peers because of his thick accent and other issues.
Therefore, his personality is relatively withdrawn and he doesn't like to talk much.
At the age of 8.
Maxwell's mother became ill and died, causing him to become even more reticent.
But luckily.
Maxwell's father did not give up his love for him, but actively encouraged and accompanied him to grow up, and sent him to Edinburgh Public School.
When I was 15 years old.
Maxwell published his first paper "The Oval Line" in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
1847.
At the age of 16, Maxwell entered the University of Edinburgh as he wished.
After that, he won the first place in his grade for four consecutive years, and also won the Calm Gold Medal of the Scottish University four times in a row - something that Thomson won once.
1850.
The University of Edinburgh said that our small temple cannot accommodate this big Buddha. Otherwise, you should find another place.
At this time, the Board of Trustees of the University of Cambridge was discussing whether to abolish Trinity College's weight-loss program - after all, only Mavericks had passed the examination in the past two hundred years. What's the meaning.
In this context.
Someone made a suggestion:
It doesn’t cost any money anyway, why don’t you let Mr. Wheat give it a try?
If even he can't do it, then just cancel it.
So Maxwell transferred to Cambridge University under the escort of William Thomson, and finally passed the examination successfully, becoming the second Trinity College tuition-reduction student after Mavericks.
After entering school.
He was first absorbed into the Cambridge Apostolic Society of Cambridge University and became a glorious Cambridge Apostle.
At the age of 23.
Maxwell graduated from the Department of Mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge University, and this is one of the few places where many people have doubts about Maxwell:
When Mai graduated, she ranked second in her grade.
This is like a genius in an online novel who joins a sect. The sect sends elders to escort him thousands of miles away. Once he joins the sect, he becomes a core disciple and has all the skills and resources available.
As a result, during the sect competition, he came in second place, which was a bit disappointing for his previous halo.
But in fact, there is another hidden story behind this matter, which is far from being as simple as it seems.
But for some unknown reason, many domestic databases have hidden this content.
Fortunately, as a historical celebrity, Maxwell has been introduced in detail in many authoritative foreign language journals:
At that time, the British university degree was called Honors Degree, which is an honorary degree.
Honorary degrees are divided into four grades, with first grade being the highest and fourth grade being the lowest.
At that time, the college's requirement for Mai was that he must obtain one of the first-class degrees, that is, First Honors Degree.
The entire examination phase lasts for 22 days and covers 11 subjects.
There are 3 compulsory exams, and the full score for all subjects is 100 points, which means the total score is 1100 points.
The minimum score for a first-class degree is 770. As long as the three compulsory subjects are included and the total score reaches the standard, the remaining subjects can be waived.
As a result, during the exam period, Xiaomai's father suddenly became critically ill, so Xiaomai, who was eager to return home, only took eight courses during the entire examination period.
After reaching the first-class degree score, he gave up the remaining three exams and rushed back to Edinburgh.
Wheat’s score in eight subjects was 793, while the first place’s score in 11 subjects was 837
If Xiaomai takes the remaining three subjects, his score will be over 1000%.
So it’s really not a bad thing
In 1855, after graduation, Maxwell read "Experimental Studies in Electricity" by Faraday.
He was attracted by the various electromagnetic induction experiments in the book and officially began to study electromagnetism.
From then on, he couldn't stop and started his own road of hanging on the wall.
1855.
Maxwell published a paper - "On Faraday's Lines of Force".
For the first time, he tried to introduce mathematical forms into Faraday's concept of lines of force, thereby initially establishing the mathematical relationship between electricity and magnetism.
This article attracted the attention of the physics community and was praised by Faraday himself.
1862.
Maxwell published his second paper - "On Lines of Force in Physics".
in this paper.
He proposed new concepts such as "displacement current" and "electromagnetic field" for the first time, and gave a more complete mathematical expression of electromagnetic theory.
1864.
Maxwell published his third paper - "The Dynamic Theory of Electromagnetic Fields".
This paper not only gave Maxwell's equations, but also proposed the concept of "electromagnetic waves" for the first time.
Later, he also wrote the book "The Theory of Electromagnetism", established the Cavendish Laboratory, the first physics laboratory at the University of Cambridge, and served as the first director of the laboratory.
But it’s worth mentioning.
When Maxwell was alive, he was not actually respected in line with his status.
Quite the opposite.
At that time, even within Cambridge College, many people thought that he was following a crooked path.
How glorious he was when he entered Trinity College, how miserable he was in middle age.
Because his theory is too profound and complex, and his formulas are too abstract, it is difficult for the public to understand.
Therefore, at a time when Newtonian mechanics was still dominant, it was not widely recognized by the public.
In the year of Maxwell's death, when he was still persisting in promoting the theory of electromagnetic waves, only two listeners were willing to listen to his lectures.
One was a graduate student from across the sea, and the other was Fleming, who later invented the electronic tube.
To some extent.
Maxwell is a bit like Dr. Nezu who discovered Zelda gas in "Ultraman Tega". The direction of his research is obviously of great significance, but in reality he is an outcast.
November 5, 1879.
Maxwell died of stomach cancer in Cambridge at the age of just 1.
48 years old.
If wheat could live for more than ten or twenty years, the whole world might be different.
Because nine years after his death, the young German physicist Hertz would prove the existence of electromagnetic waves for the first time through experiments, truly verifying the correctness of Maxwell's theory.
since then.
Maxwell's contribution and status have just been recognized by the world.
It's a pity that Maxwell died too early, too early.
all in all.
Maxwell's life can be regarded as a typical V-shape.
That is to say, he was very famous when he was young, fell into a trough in middle age after being exposed to electromagnetics, and began to rise suddenly a few years after his death.
That's why.
Only then would someone want to kill Maxwell during Thomson’s escort:
At this time, Maxwell was still a true 'prodigy', with thousands of auras in one body, which was really dazzling.
Use the concept of the Hereafter as an example.
At this time, Maxwell had a score of 750 on the college entrance examination, a 4.3 GPA every year in college, published ten first-level papers during his undergraduate period, and was nominated for the Fields Medal.
Many people believe that he can reach the heights of the Mavericks in the future, and no matter how bad he is, he will still be a leader in a certain field.
With such a potential stock being acquired by the University of Cambridge, it is natural that some people will want to buy it from outside the market.
After all, this kind of underhand practice has precedents in academic circles at home and abroad in ancient and modern times. It involves the double dark side of human nature and interests, and the damage it has caused to the history of human science is inestimable.
For example, Mavericks was poisoned when he was Professor Lucas, Mr. Qian was assassinated twice when he returned to China, and there were also the deaths of talents such as Zhang Shousheng, Ren Wei, and Xiao Xiang, etc. (If you are interested, you can search these people yourself. If they are too sensitive, I will not elaborate in the text)
Even in 1832, which is very close to the timeline of the copy, another genius just fell into a shameful conspiracy:
This person is Galois.
He is a super genius in the history of mathematics. Unfortunately, he and Abel were tricked by Cauchy first, and then met Stephanie, the King of the Sea, and fell into a trap by mistake:
At that time, someone sent him a challenge as a "love rival" and expressed his intention to fight him in a shootout.
Galois was tricked in the duel and chose a pistol without bullets. His opponent was a soldier with superb marksmanship.
In the end, Galois was shot three times in the abdomen and died after being sent to the hospital due to ineffective rescue efforts. He was only 21 years old.
Shortly before the duel, Galois wrote a suicide note in accordance with the requirements of the duel - he perfected group theory in just three days, and forever burned his name into a milestone in the history of mathematics.
In the long history of science, there are too many similar examples.
Under the seemingly calm ocean surface, there are undercurrents surging almost every moment.
The topic returns to its original place.
In later academic and historical circles, Maxwell was given a very high status.
In particular, Maxwell's equations he summarized are as important as the author's ears and are the top priority in the industry.
In 2004, the British scientific journal "Physics World" held an event:
Let readers choose the greatest formula in the history of science. (You can search for thegreatestequationsever on the PhysicsWorld official website, but there are actually twenty, and many articles have been simplified into the ‘Top Ten Greatest Formulas’)
As a result, Maxwell's equations ranked first among the giants in the field of equations such as the mass-energy equation, Euler's formula, Newton's second law, the Pythagorean theorem, and Schrödinger's equation.
But on the other hand.
To some extent, like Su, Maxwell is also a figure with serious information barriers.
Outside the academic and historical circles, many ordinary people are confused:
Are Maxwell's equations really that powerful?
How to say it
Maxwell's Equations is not well-known among the people, and it mostly suffers from the content.
Look at Lord Niu's three laws, we can understand them in middle school.
The formula is very simple, that is, it revolves around "F=ma".
The "Relativity Theory" of Eros
Although many people don't understand the specific content, it is very high-end, and it is always three-dimensional, four-dimensional, and so on.
As for the formula, E=mc^2, at least it seems simple and easy to remember.
But what about Maxwell’s equations?
Take a look at its points content:
∮sD·dA=Qfs
∮sB·dA=0
∮sE·dL=-（φbs）/T
∮sH·dL=Ifs+（φds）/T
The above is an "improved" version by the genius physicist Oliver Heaviside. The original Maxwell's equations have 20 equations, which is even more terrible.
For example, let me explain the third formula casually:
The left side represents the electric flux through the closed surface S, and E is the electric field strength.
We divide the closed surface with area S into many small pieces, and each small piece is represented by da. Then the electric flux passing through the area of each small piece can be written as E·da.
Putting an integral symbol means adding up the electric flux of all small patches, so that the electric flux passing through the entire closed surface S is obtained.
The s with the enc subscript on the right represents the amount of charge contained in the closed surface, and ε0 is a constant.
Because this closed surface S can be selected arbitrarily, it can be large or small, it can be a sphere or a variety of messy closed surfaces, from which the divergence is derived.
Then the divergence of the electric field E at a point is defined as the electric flux of the electric field passing through this infinitesimal surface divided by the volume
Are you dizzy?
Just feel dizzy.
So most people have no idea what this thing means, let alone its value. (Students who really want to know more recommend a book, "Pictured and Intuitive Mathematics Translation Series: Maxwell's Equations Intuitive", about 20 yuan)
Once a certain character or content cannot appear in junior high school or high school textbooks, his spread will be greatly limited.
In a nutshell.
Maxwell's greatest contribution was his participation in the foundation of electromagnetic theory.
Clarified the truth about light, electricity, and magnetism, and finally helped humans control electromagnetic waves.
Without Maxwell, there would be no widespread application of electromagnetic waves or it would be many years later.
There will be no mobile phones, radios, broadcasts, microwave ovens, radars, vibrators, satellites, CT...
Human society will be completely different.
The development of history will also have another ending.
all in all.
In the history of science, it is generally believed that Newton unified the laws of motion in the sky and on the earth, which was the "first" great unification.
Maxwell's unification of electricity, magnetism, and optics was the "second" unification, and his status is evident.
Also, let’s talk about a little easter egg.
If you look back at the dates of Maxwell's birth and death, you will find two amazing coincidences:
The year Maxwell was born, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction.
The year Maxwell died, Einstein was born.
Sometimes fate is really magical.
The eyes are returning to their original position.
all in all.
Now with the appearance of Xu Yun, classmate Xiaomai's disaster has been successfully overcome, and the road ahead will be smooth.
at the same time.
Halo has also undergone subsequent changes
[Dungeon main quest is being generated]
[Hey, the main quest of the copy has been generated]
[Task name: Classmate Xiaomai, you don’t want to see Mr. Thomson nailed to the pillar of shame, right? 】(End of this chapter)