Chapter 450 The mysterious power from the east!
"Tree-level diagram under .susy framework?"
Hear what Nima said.
Witten straightened his body subconsciously.
For most people, especially programmers without hair.
When the word susy framework is mentioned, a program name may often come to mind.
It is an auxiliary tool for grid layout designed by a female programmer named Susy. To be honest, it is quite easy to use.
But actually.
In quantum field theory, there is also a susy framework with the same name.
That is the symmetry framework.
Some people easily understand the susy framework as a supersymmetry theory, but in fact it is not a specific principle, but a 'connector'.
It reflects the topological properties of particles, followed by gaugedundancy, superconformalfieldtheory, etc.
In order to facilitate understanding, here is a less rigorous but easy to understand example:
Readers who have read the novel at Qidian should know this.
Qidian.com will classify the works into multiple categories based on their performance: high-quality, more than 10,000 orders, or less than 10,000 orders.
The susy framework is equivalent to a high-quality badge.
That is to say, works with an average subscription of less than 3,000 can be excluded, but the selected works can only be determined to have an average subscription of more than 3,000.
As for whether this book has 6,000 average subscriptions, 8,000 average subscriptions, 13,000 subscriptions, or 100,000 subscriptions, further screening is required.
therefore.
The meaning of Nima can also be understood as such a logic:
They wanted to find a science fiction novel, so they searched in the column of fine articles.
The workload of this kind of search is obviously simpler than searching all science fiction works, because there are a total of 106,956 novels in the Qidian science fiction category, but the number of high-quality works is only more than a thousand.
But on the other hand.
While this kind of framework reduces the workload, another situation may occur:
The 'novel' they were searching for did not actually reach the quality level.
If this is indeed the case, then Witten and others are likely to waste a lot of time and end up with nothing.
This is why Nima said it was just an 'idea'.
After Nima finished speaking.
Witten put the ballpoint pen to his mouth and gently bit the back cover of the ballpoint pen with his teeth, looking thoughtful.
From a integrity perspective, this is obviously a very risky approach.
But don't forget.
He only had four hours.
If there is no result within four hours, he will have no choice but to leave in despair, so the amount of calculations must be streamlined.
So what he has to do now is to simply determine whether "that book" belongs to the quality category.
So Witten thought for a while, looked up at Xu Yun, and turned the laptop screen towards him:
"Dr. Xu Yun, this is the aurora system of your academy of sciences. Could you please mark the abnormal interval of the eigenstate of Pangea particles?"
Xu Yun nodded, thought for a moment with the stylus, and drew an area in the upper right corner of the Aurora system's spray column map.
Witten turned the screen back and looked at it carefully for a long time:
"The commutation subfunction state interval is below 0.5 - this is real physical data, that is, if the partner really exists, then it must be of Bose type"
Zhou Shaoping, Tehuft and others also nodded.
Said it earlier.
The spin of the solitary point or Pangea particle is a semi-odd number, that is, 1/2, 3/2 or 5/2, etc.
The spin direction here is defined relative to the direction of orbital angular momentum.
For example, when solving the Schrödinger equation of the hydrogen atom, a z direction has been assumed, and the angular quantum number l solved is relative to the z axis.
Same thing.
The upper and lower spins are also for the z-axis, which is the degree of freedom carried by the particle itself.
Xu Yun had previously told Witten that the spin of the two-photon final state in the abnormal area he discovered was 2. (See Chapter 446)
Therefore, it is not difficult to analyze based on the coupling law of an odd number of particles.
If there really is such a 'Pluto' around the Pangea particle, then it must be of Bose type.
Coupled with the influence of the basic principle of chiral hypermultiplet
Think of this.
A trace of determination flashed in Witten's eyes:
"Okay, let's start with the susy framework. Gross, Gerrard, Zhou, I'm sorry to bother you."
Zhou Shaoping and Tehuft said politely, then picked up paper and pen and assisted Witten in constructing the framework calculation.
Still a long time ago, another concept was mentioned:
The reason why particles are difficult to capture is that, in addition to their short lifespan, the more important reason is that their movement trajectories are not fixed - this is also a sentence that has been mentioned repeatedly.
Because the ‘gaps’ in the particle world are really too big.
This is like a track with 10 small tracks. The probability of an athlete choosing any track is 1/10.
Except for himself, no one knows which path he will take - unless your destination is Erxian Bridge.
Then expand the track of this runway by 10 to the 17th power. The result is almost the number of tracks for particles to travel in the particle world.
But it’s worth mentioning.
No particle will always follow one path, but with the abundance of observation data, the scientific community can lock in or exclude some tracks based on the corresponding attributes.
For example, assuming an athlete's 'attribute' is [devout believer], then he will definitely not be able to choose 666 or 13 - the former represents Satan in the Bible, and the latter represents betrayal and betrayal.
Another example is a homo athlete. The probability of him walking 114514 is very high.
This is also the basis for Xu Yun's calculation of the probability orbit.
And in the current scientific community.
In addition to cheating, there are two ways to calculate particle probability trajectories:
The first is a charge density wave.
It refers to the state of electrons self-organizing with periodic density in space, which is very special.
This thing often appears in places well above room temperature and has no reputation. It involves the modulation of charge density and atomic orbitals.
This allows the Higgs boson associated with this charge density wave to have an extra component, i.e. it may be axial, containing angular momentum.
Once the angular momentum is determined, many properties such as spin can be determined.
The other is the abnormal confidence calculation of QCD.
It is also known as flavorphysics by many Zhou students.
Among them, the latter is undoubtedly the most suitable for the susy framework, so several big guys quickly locked in a key feature:
The anomalous magnetic moment of Pangea particles.
"Abnormal magnetic moment."
Hearing the word appearing in the live broadcast, Chen Shanshan, who was near the media box, couldn't help but glance at Zhang Han beside her and asked:
'"Dr. Zhang, may I ask Professor Witten what the concept of anomalous magnetic moment is? Can you explain it to us?"
After several hours of live broadcast, Zhang Han's expression became much more relaxed than before, and he was no longer as restrained as he was at the beginning.
I saw her tucking a strand of hair behind her ear and explaining with a smile:
"This is a knowledge point in quantum field theory. It was first calculated by Schwinger, a physicist across the sea, in 1946. It is also a cornerstone concept of current quantum electrodynamics."
"The anomalous magnetic moment in a broad sense describes electrons. Everyone should know that the scattering amplitude contains various physical information of the particles."
"So as long as you calculate the scattering of electrons in the static Coulomb field and give the magnetic moment of the electron by extracting the corresponding term in the amplitude, you can give the g factor."
"Then the g factor at the leading stage is 2. At the sub-leading stage, it will deviate slightly from 2. This is the so-called anomalous magnetic moment. Hey, Reporter Chen, what's wrong with you?"
"."
Chen Shanshan rubbed her temples vigorously, forcing herself to come back to reality from the state of who and where I am, and then took a deep breath:
"Very good, thank you Dr. Zhang for the introduction."
"But Dr. Zhang, due to limited time, can you speak in human language? Ahem, can you briefly tell us how this anomalous magnetic moment helps calculate particles?"
Zhang Han was stunned for two seconds when he heard the words, and then he realized that what he said seemed a bit profound, and he laughed twice in embarrassment:
"The help is that you can use the non-relativistic approximation combined with the scattering of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, which is the Born approximation. To put it bluntly, it is to lock the mass of special particles with a numerical accuracy of 0.54ppm."
"Then combined with the abnormal confidence calculation of the susy framework, we can demonstrate a probability model of a few thousandths."
"In addition, the accuracy is actually very impressive, and the ten decimal places can be matched - the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to this accuracy."
"So there has always been a saying in high-energy physics that we are looking for new physics after 11 decimal places. The source is here."
"."
Although Chen Shanshan's expression was still a little confused, she understood some of the content this time:
"Dr. Zhang, in other words, as long as Professor Witten and the others complete the corresponding calculations, it is possible to find the new particle?"
Zhang Han thought for a moment and shook his head slightly:
"It cannot be understood this way, because after calculating the corresponding numerical value, it must first be compared with the standard model."
"For example, the theoretical prediction of the g factor of the muon is 2.002319304362, and the measured value across the sea last year was 2.002319304361. This small difference still requires error correction." (doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03418-1 )
"After all, what Mr. Witten and his colleagues are doing is not to deduce mathematics based on existing physics, but to deduce physics based on pure mathematics"
This time.
Chen Shanshan finally fully understood what Zhang Han meant.
Give an example.
Where the Pangea particle was discovered, there was a big problem with its properties:
Its spin is semi-odd and belongs to the standard fermion category.
The observed magnitude of the interaction phenomenon it occurs is 140Mev, which is a standard electrically neutral meson.
That is the concept of boson.
This is a theoretically impossible situation, but it did occur, so Zhao Zhengguo and others could only conduct more in-depth research.
In the end, it was determined that the cause of this abnormality was because there was something wrong with its movement method, which was not a jump but a flicker.
This is a case of deriving [principles] through [phenomenon].
However, Witten and others are currently conducting purely mathematical demonstrations, so the results obtained are not just mathematically valid, but must be compared with theoretical models first.
The latter is even more difficult.
Then Chen Shanshan chatted with Zhang Han about other things, and time passed slowly by like this.
Five minutes.
Fifteen minutes
Half an hour
At the beginning, Witten and others would exchange a few simple words.
But as the amount of calculations increases, the chatter in the first row gradually becomes quieter.
Swish Swish Swish——
Whether it is Witten, Zhou Shaoping or Tehuft.
After an initial period of relatively smooth progress, their progress gradually began to slow down.
"Zhou, do you think this approximation is feasible?"
".There is no problem with the numerical values. I will try to substitute them. Well, there is no result."
"How about the transition state function with reference to the data when the beryllium-8 atomic nucleus transitions from a high energy state to a low energy state? I remember that Professor Attila's team made a breakthrough in this area in 2016"
"No, the accuracy is not accurate. It is too different from the standard model, 2.7σ."
"What about using lightweight bosons to intervene?"
"Wait a moment. I'm sorry. There are still obvious errors."
"."
Although the Academy of Sciences also published relevant data on the screen, the only ones interested were the many experts attending the meeting and physics enthusiasts on the Internet.
For more non-physics practitioners, this scene gradually becomes boring.
But just like what Wang Qingchen and Hou Xingyuan mentioned in the previous exchange.
The public is very curious about this live broadcast. Even if it is a boring time, they are reluctant to leave the live broadcast room - because Witten and the others may not know when the results will be released.
It's just like a football game.
It may be 0-0 throughout the game and overtime, or it may change suddenly at a certain moment.
If you quit the live broadcast room because you felt bored and missed a key scene. Students who missed the goal scene because they went to the toilet during the World Cup should understand this feeling.
Therefore, under this tangled mentality, many people choose another approach:
Go to the live broadcast room of the network anchor to watch the live broadcast.
This situation will be very common in 2023. For example, many fans like to go to their favorite anchor room to watch football games with everyone.
This method will not miss key scenes, and secondly, you can listen to the anchor talking about the mountains during the boring white paper time. When you meet the kind of anchor who has the right frequency, the viewing effect is still very good.
Especially now that Blizzard and Pig Farm have broken up, a large number of anchors and players are instantly homeless, so the phenomenon of teaming up has become even more obvious.
Among these anchors who gather a large number of viewers.
There is a well-known interstellar player nicknamed Xudong Laoxian.
Xudong Laoxian has been paying attention to this press conference a few hours ago. When the Chinese Academy of Sciences slapped him in the face, he once cheered for the Chinese Academy of Sciences and cheered.
However, many e-sports anchors generally have a common problem, they are not very good at speaking.
"Fuck, it's so hard to do physics!"
In the live broadcast room, Mr. Xudong, who was wearing a vest, stretched out his hair and complained casually:
"When Xiao Xiaose grows up, I won't let him study physics no matter what. It's too torturous. Learning a computer is better than doing this, right?"
"Look, these old men are sitting here and working hard. Are they tired?"
As he spoke, Mr. Xudong glanced at the live broadcast screen a few times, preparing to find someone on the scene to complain about.
There is not much malice in this kind of complaint, it is just a habitual chatter that adds to the effect of the show.
However, Zhou Shaoping and Mr. Yang are obviously impossible targets for complaints. This is an absolute red line and can be excluded first.
In fact, after the live broadcast started, the platform's super manager mentioned this matter privately to many anchors: Do not judge China's participants at will, especially those top academicians.
As for Te Hooft and David Gross.
Both of them are Nobel Prize winners and have high status in the industry.
In addition, given the age group, it is obviously not suitable to be a target.
So
After a few seconds.
Xudong Old Immortal suddenly shook his head, pointed at Nima on the live broadcast screen and said:
"By the way, this fat guy's name is Nima, right? The name is quite irritating, so it needs to have some effect at this time."
"Look at him, he can't even touch a pen in the past half day. What does that mean? Isn't this embarrassing for us fat people?"
The old immortal Xudong finished speaking.
A large barrage of [the power has been exerted] floated across the barrage in an instant.
Some people started playing [Yu Dabao: 6].
See this situation.
Old Immortal Xudong's expression suddenly froze.
Yu Dabao’s meme came from a live broadcast in March 2017, when the national football team faced the Bangzi at home. Since the background was during the THAAD period, the domestic anti-stick momentum was high, and the national football team could only win but not lose.
When the two sides were in a stalemate, Xudong Laoxian once said:
"Yu Dabao's name is very festive, but he can't score a goal."
Then 48 seconds later, Yu Dabao scored with a header, and it was with this goal that the national football team defeated Bangzi 1-0.
This can be regarded as one of Xudong's most famous actions - although in terms of record, it is only an insignificant one. (Station B has a collection of videos by Xudong Laoxian, which is really about metaphysics.)
At this time, the audience started to watch Yu Dabao, and the purpose was self-evident.
However, Old Immortal Xudong was not one to give in easily. He raised his brows and was about to say:
"Lao Tzu"
As a result, no words came out.
During the live broadcast, Nima raised his head first:
"I calculated it. The base amount is 300GeV, which is more than twice the standard deviation. It is indeed abnormal!"
"Professor Witten, this is the right direction!"
With the help of simultaneous translators, Nima's English was quickly appended with the corresponding Chinese characters - the live broadcast signal had a 15-second pre-delay, which was enough to achieve a semantically clear translation.
Xudong Laoxian:
"????"
Although he couldn't understand the relevant terms that Nima said, he could still understand the second half of the Chinese characters.
In other words.
Are you following your words?
No, no, I must prove it once, otherwise I will never be able to escape the idea of poisonous milk for the rest of my life.
Suddenly.
Xudong's attention fell on the obedient Xu Yun.
His eyes suddenly lit up.
After a few seconds.
Xudong Laoxian ignored the rows of barrages mocking him in the live broadcast room, slammed the table, pointed at the screen and said:
"Stop, stop, stop! It doesn't count this time. You know there is a delay in the live broadcast. People may have spoken on the spot before I started talking."
"So everyone, let's watch the live broadcast first. If word of this gets out, they might say I'm just trying to gain popularity, and it will attract a lot of negative fans."
What Xudong Laoxian said was quite reasonable, so soon, the number of people making fun of him in the live broadcast room was visibly reduced.
Xudong Laoxian is certain in his heart.
Then he pretended to have "accidentally" glimpsed something, pointed at Xu Yundu in the picture and said:
"Hey, what do you think is going on with this guy named Xu Yun? They asked him to come and do something, but he just stood by and watched?"
"Anyway, as a passerby, I think it's quite embarrassing for him to be like this."
After a few seconds.
In the live broadcast room, as expected, several barrages speaking for Xu Yun passed by.
Xudong Laoxian was overjoyed when he saw this, and directly locked these barrages on the live broadcast screen:
"What? Dr. Xu is capable? Of course I know he is capable. He can beat up five hundred husbands like me with his eyes closed, okay?"
"But his ability is aimed at ordinary people like me. What I mean is that he has little room to perform in this situation-who is not a big shot at the scene?"
"Looking at this kind of press conference from the front end of the scientific community, can you have some scientific and reasonable judgment?"
"Let's put it this way, if Xu Yun can help Witten this time, I will buy a plane ticket to Chengdu tomorrow and chew up the Cambridge University ax that whoever brought it on the spot!"
The moment Xudong Laoxian said these words.
Live broadcast thousands of kilometers away.
Suddenly, a flash of lightning flashed across Xu Yun's mind without any warning.
He stared at the data in his hand for half a minute, seemingly making some judgment.
Half a minute later.
Xu Yun suddenly raised his head and said to Witten, who was preparing to make further calculations according to the original plan:
"Mr. Witten, please wait!" (End of Chapter)