Chapter 452 Pangu is more than just a myth
The conference site.
With the output of Xu Yun's thoughts.
Near his left hand.
A phantom of a card that could not be seen by ordinary people's naked eyes appeared silently in the air, rippling gently like ripples.
Then suddenly, like Melody's head, it instantly turned into countless fragments.
Another moment passed.
Behind Xu Yun, a wall of names appeared quietly that even he could not see.
This wall of names appeared once before when Xu Yun verified the Mersenne prime numbers. The surnames of countless mathematicians throughout the ages were engraved on the wall.
The top ones include Mavericks, Euler, Riemann, Archimedes and others
At the bottom is Xu Yun’s junior high school teacher
There were no less than tens of thousands of people, divided into hundreds of rows.
The further up the rows of the name wall are, the fewer names there are in each row.
For example, on the first line, there are only three names:
Albert Einstein.
Isaac Newton.
James Clerk Maxwell.
Among them, Lao Ai's name is in a gray and white, seemingly ethereal and transparent state, with a little light visible.
The names of the calf and wheat have completely faded into gray and black.
The number of people in the second line is close to ten, including Gauss, Planck, etc.
Fifteen in the third line
After a while.
in a certain area on the fifth row.
A name that was also floating suddenly seemed to be awakened, slowly glowing with golden light.
I saw a name clearly written on it:
JohannPeterGustavLejeuneDirichlet.
Then quickly.
A thin man with sparse and messy hair, slightly droopy eyes, and a curly beard on his face, strode out of the wall of names with his chest raised.
After the shadow is finalized in the sky.
An extremely brief moment of clarity appeared in the thin man's eyes, and he paused for a moment on Xu Yun in front of him, revealing a little reminiscence.
Then
He suddenly turned his head and looked at a position in the ninth row of the venue.
at the same time.
Mendelssohn Dirichlet, director of the Frame Physics Research Center at the University of Göttingen, suddenly felt inexplicable.
See this situation.
A professor sitting next to him who was chatting enthusiastically with him couldn't help but asked with concern:
"Mr. Mendelssohn, what's wrong with you?"
Only then did Mendelssohn Dirichlet come back to his senses, looked around a few times, and shook his head:
"I'm fine, Professor Erikson, please continue to tell the story of your ancestor who captured forty Gallic soldiers"
While speaking, Mendelssohn Dirichlet subconsciously touched his forehead.
Weird.
At a certain moment just now, he always felt like he was being scrutinized by someone he was in awe of, which made him a little frightened.
How do you describe this feeling
Mendelssohn Dirichlet had a black-and-white photo of his ancestor Dirichlet at home. The ancestor in the photo had an extremely serious expression, as if an author owed him dozens of chapters of updates.
Mendelssohn Dirichlet was a little frightened every time he saw a photo, so he rarely went to the room where the portrait was hung.
And that moment just now.
He seemed to be back before that photo. His ancestor walked out of the photo and stared at him for a few seconds.
Maybe it's just an illusion.
And the other side.
After retracting his gaze.
The phantom of the thin man stopped making other movements, took a step forward without any regret, and walked into Xu Yun's body.
In an instant.
A sense of clarity quickly rippled through Xu Yun's mind.
After a while.
Xu Yun couldn't help but look at his palms and sighed:
"The fourth time."
Smart classmates should still remember.
After completing the 1850 copy previously.
Halo rewarded Xu Yun with a series of thinking cards, divided into four levels: gold, silver, bronze and special categories.
Among them, the gold card is a peak Gaussian thinking experience card, which has an activation time of 30 minutes.
The silver card is the peak wheat and the oil-headed Riemann who is 50% of the peak, usually 60 and 50 minutes respectively.
There are three bronze cards, namely:
The peak Jacobi thinking experience card has an activation time of 60 minutes.
The peak Dirichlet thinking experience card has an activation time of 80 minutes.
The Peak Dedekin Thinking Experience Card has an activation time of 90 minutes.
Special cards are Peak Abel and Peak Eisenstein, with activation durations of 40 and 90 minutes.
Among them, Wheat's card had been consumed during the verification process of Mersenne prime numbers, while Dedejin's thinking card was activated in Jinping's deep laboratory.
Currently, Xu Yun only has six cards available in his hand: Gauss, Riemann, Jacobi, Dirichlet, Abel and Eisenstein.
At the same time, Xu Yun considered that this time he was still just helping Zhou Shaoping. Although the difficulty was higher than that of Jinping, it was still not as high as using Gauss and Riemann.
So this time, he has two main conditions for selecting cards:
The character's ability should not be too high but not too low, and the duration should be as strong as possible.
Of the six remaining cards.
The longest lasting one was Eisenstein, followed by Dirichlet, and then Jacobi.
But again, Eisenstein's abilities were the lowest.
Although many people think that the reason for his low reputation is that he died early, in fact, if you know his resume, you will find that he is a kind of person who hurts Zhongyong.
He was the last disciple of Gauss before Riemann. His performance was really impressive when he first started, and he published 25 papers in one year.
But one year after he started, Eisenstein had produced nothing.
Instead, he turned to alcoholism and prostitution. Although no one knows the reason for his change in personality, it is almost impossible for a mathematician to stay in this state for a long time after he gets involved with alcoholism.
Later, Eisenstein was imprisoned for participating in political activities, during which time he became seriously ill and eventually died in 1852.
To put it harshly.
Xu Yun may not be as good as Eisenstein a few months ago, but after so many copies (I'll scold you first, three is too much?) and after using three thinking cards.
Now Xu Yun's overall ability has surpassed that of Eisenstein.
Otherwise, Halo would not classify the Eisenstein card into a special card type.
Therefore, Eisenstein's Thinking Card can only be used in certain situations - such as when pure elliptic functions or advanced algebraic calculations are involved.
As for the remaining Dirichlet and Jacobi
The rankings of these two senior brothers in the history of mathematics are almost the same, so there is no difference in who you choose.
That is to say, it is at the same level as Cantor, Kolmogorov and Lao Cartan, ranking around 20.
However, when they go to the name wall covering all disciplines, they will naturally only be ranked in the fifth row - after all, there are more physicists in the history of science.
To describe it as a football player.
Riemann wheat is a proper Merlot grade.
Dirichlet and Jacobi are probably in the same range as Drogba,
Eisenstein likes to push away Nunez.
At the same time, although Dirichlet's era was in the early stages of modern physics, there was not even a hint of particle physics.
However, the Dirichlet function he developed in Fourier series is indeed very common in the direction of potential barriers in high-energy physics in later generations, and is a commonly used tool.
True.
What the thinking card gives Xu Yun is the character's thinking ability rather than existing knowledge, but there is nothing wrong with matching professional directions.
So think twice.
Xu Yun decided to activate Dirichlet's thinking card.
After asking the gods to come up.
Xu Yun then obediently followed Zhou Shaoping to the seat on the left.
After taking a seat.
Zhou Shaoping first looked up at Xu Yun and asked him in a low voice:
"Xiao Xu, this time is different from when we were in Jinping. We didn't have a camera nearby for live broadcast. How about it? Are you nervous?"
Xu Yun smiled at him, with a rare trace of vicissitudes of life in his tone that did not suit his age:
"It's okay, it's just a live broadcast. Once it happens, it will become familiar again."
"Don't forget, I was killed by a nationwide gang last time. There is nothing to be afraid of. If you have the ability, let me die a second time."
Zhou Shaoping suddenly twitched the corner of his mouth:
"."
It seems
How much truth does that make?
A few days ago, he saw a blogger on Douyin who was following Xu Yun's popularity. He said he was the principal of Young Eagle Kindergarten where Xu Yun studied when he was a child. He had over 10,000 likes.
For a person who has no integrity to lose, the pressure of going live.
It seems like that?
Then Zhou Shaoping shook his head and put these complaints to the back of his head. His face straightened and he said to Xu Yunde:
"In that case, Xiao Xu, let's get down to business."
"Our task this time is very difficult, which is to calculate the possible Fermi surface data as quickly as possible within two hours."
"Although no one will criticize us if we fail, this is the press conference of the Academy of Sciences after all. It is best for us to keep the core popularity in our own hands."
Xu Yun nodded heavily when he heard this.
Showing off is just an attitude, but he still understands the truth.
Although from the many data currently available, one thing can be roughly determined:
Even if the 'Pluto' particle that Witten refers to exists, it is not comparable to dark matter.
That is to say, it cannot be axions, gravitons, and tachyons, which are particles that are on the same level as or even exceed dark matter.
To be more straightforward,
Academy of Sciences doesn’t have to worry about being robbed of too many scenes this time.
But after all, this is the home court of the Academy of Sciences, and it belongs to our own back garden.
It would be great if the host could play a key role in the development of new particles.
After all, rabbits all have obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Then quickly.
The two staff members delivered the Chinese version of the Aurora system to Zhou Shaoping and Xu Yun, along with some tea, compressed biscuits and soundproof earmuffs.
Zhou Shaoping gave the soundproof earmuffs to Xu Yun, and the two tried them on and adjusted them for a while - these are used to isolate the influence of on-site noise during calculations.
Actually.
It is not uncommon for such discussions to be held at press conferences, especially seminars on mathematical results, which can last for more than ten hours.
For example, Perelman’s report on the proof of the Poincaré conjecture held at the University of California in 2007.
Although the mathematical community recognized Perelman as proving the Poincaré conjecture in 2006, Perelman still received many questions at the meeting.
At that time, Andrew Whittaker, a professor at New York University at Stony Brook, proposed an extended demonstration idea about Ricci curvature flow, and the entire meeting took two days to work on the collective proof.
This is one of the reasons why the Academy of Sciences agreed with Witten to do this. This matter is not particularly deviant in the press conference industry.
Just prove that if you fail, you have to bear the corresponding responsibility.
Then Zhou Shaoping handed the calculation paper and pen to Xu Yun, thought for a moment, and said:
"Xiao Xu, let's start with the coupling parameters."
Xu Yun nodded again.
Mentioned before.
In a broad sense, the Fermi surface is an abstract interface between metals and semimetals, which belongs to the common conceptual category of metals or semiconductors.
But this thing has a special feature:
Its tight binding model can be described by Hamiltonian and can be explained by some concepts of particle physics.
This way.
This creates an interoperable interval in the field of particle physics.
Therefore, the Fermi surface in particle physics is not a concept in semiconductors in a broad sense, but a ‘prop’ with similar principles:
The Fermi surface and K-space in the semiconductor field can be understood as a fishing rod worth several thousand dollars, such as a brand like Shimano.
Then a fisherman A used this fishing rod to catch a fish. When he was hanging on the bottom, a passerby B joined in the fun next to him.
B was also very interested in the act of fishing, so the next day B made a simple fishing rod out of bamboo, kite string, and plastic wheels and went to catch fish.
In terms of appearance and brand.
B's fishing rod and A's fishing rod are completely different.
However, the principles, a few functions, and fishing purposes of the two are similar, so they can both be classified into the fishing rod category.
But on the other hand.
When you mention fishing rods in the market, everyone will definitely think of them as the ones in A’s hands, which are “commodities” produced by equipment and technology.
A's fishing rod is equivalent to the Fermi surface in semiconductors. It is a big brand and a regular army. This is what everyone thinks of when talking about fishing rods.
B's fishing rod is the Fermi surface of high-energy physics, which does not conform to everyone's understanding, but its principle is also to catch fish by throwing the rod with bait.
This is the difference between the Fermi surface in semiconductors and particle physics - this sentence is very important, otherwise you will be extremely entangled in why the concept of a semiconductor is related to particle physics.
And since they are all fishing rods, the production processes are also very similar:
Make the main body first, then thread, hook, put on the spinning wheel or drip wheel, go to the wet market to buy fish, etc.
So what Zhou Shaoping and Xu Yun did at this time was to complete the first step according to the fixed process:
Coupling parameters of the particle Fermi surface.
Coupling describes the interaction between two quantities. The strength of the effect can be expressed by coupling parameters—sometimes also called coupling coefficients. It is a matter of expression habits. Conceptually, they all refer to the same thing.
For example, in a mild and narrow uniform electric field, a black, thick, and hard conductor is placed.
The electric field of a conductor is the result of the joint action of the internal electric field and the external electric field. The external electric field causes the free charges inside the conductor to move, and the free charges will gather on the surface of the conductor. When coherent waves are superimposed, a beat frequency will be generated. The final effect is that the electric field and the external electric field will move. The electric fields cancel each other out, and there is no electric field inside the conductor, which is a state of electrostatic equilibrium.
Well, don't think too much about it, it's just electric fields and conductors.
all in all.
The electric field of surface free charges and the external electric field are in a coupling relationship, restrain each other, and change dynamically.
The total electric field is the coupling field of the external electric field and the electric field of free charges on the surface of the conductor.
So it's quick.
Xu Yun then wrote down a pair of energy band bases.
H0=txcnx+1,nycnx,ny+tycnx,ny+1cnx,ny+h.c.
H0(k)=(txcoskx+tycosky)ckx,kyckx,ky.
Then he pushed the data in front of Zhou Shaoping, looked at the camera that was locked on him, and said calmly:
"Academician Zhou, would you like to take a look at this coupling substrate?"
Zhou Shaoping adjusted his reading glasses, glanced quickly, and said with approval:
"Very good, Xiao Xu, let's make a vector connection, and choose J as the matrix element of the rotation operator"
As a result, the words were not finished.
Zhou Shaoping suddenly frowned and said to Xu Yun:
"Xiao Xu, please wait first."
As he spoke, he took out a blank calculation paper and quickly wrote out a verification process.
After a few minutes.
Looking at the result in his hands, Zhou Shaoping shook his head:
"No, the pseudoscalar of J=0 is not suitable. If calculated this way, the energy scale that destroys parity will not match."
"How about introducing speed? That won't work either. In this way, the lateral momentum will be limited."
See this situation.
Xu Yun thought for a moment and a word came out of his mouth:
"Academician Zhou, what do you think about using matrix elements that rotate around the y-axis?"
Zhou Shaoping was suddenly startled:
"Xiao Xu, please tell me carefully?"
"Look."
Seeing this, Xu Yun picked up the pen and quickly wrote on the paper:
"Isn't the core of the problem you are considering about continuous symmetry? According to Noether's theorem, we can add a marked specific state."
"Then considering ee+→μμ+, we have dm′mj(β)=j, m′|eiβJy|j, m."
"Obviously they are proportional to 12(1+cosθ) and 12(1cosθ) respectively. At the same time, parity is conserved. The two cases contribute the same."
"That is, dσdcosθ∝|d1, 11|2+|d1, 11|2=1+cos2θ."
See here.
Zhou Shaoping's tone was still a little confused:
"So Xiao Xu, are you going to reflect the energy scale of the scattering process in the Lorentz invariant?"
Don't know why.
After hearing Zhou Shaoping's words.
Xu Yun suddenly felt a strange sense of violation in his heart, but at the moment he didn't have much time to think, so he could only continue to explain:
"That's not true. What I mean is that it can be benchmarked to the final state of high-energy hadron collision."
"You see, it can introduce the speed y and the transverse mass mT to rewrite the 4-momentum without affecting the accuracy of the transverse momentum."
“What about the number of incidents?”
"Refer to the along-beam flow. Anyway, Pangea particles are also found along the beam-flow. Under the Lorentzboost change along the beam-flow, its difference is an invariant"
"That's it. Xiao Xu, you are so amazing"
"You're welcome."
I just finished the last sentence.
Xu Yun's expression suddenly froze, and he suddenly realized something.
He quickly raised his head and looked towards Zhou Shaoping.
What appeared in his field of vision at this time was Zhou Shaoping's peaceful and gratifying gaze.
At the same time, in a corner where the camera could not see, Zhou Shaoping gave him a thumbs up.
See this situation.
Xu Yun's pupils suddenly shrank.
Then he opened his mouth, and an indescribable complex emotion suddenly emerged in his heart.
No wonder.
When he was explaining just now, he felt a little strange.
After all, Zhou Shaoping is a well-known particle physicist in China and even internationally. Back then, he was a ruthless person who used scratch paper to do calculations with eight digits after the decimal point.
Not to mention that they had cooperated once some time ago. He knew very well that although the old man's physical strength had declined a bit, his thinking was still very sharp.
Perhaps at the beginning, Zhou Shaoping did not think through some links because of thinking problems.
But it’s not like you can’t think of the follow-up content when you explain the specific state of marking, right?
This is a very simple logical deduction, and theoretically it is impossible for Shaoping Zhou not to be able to figure it out.
Xu Yun didn’t understand the result until now.
It turns out that Zhou Shaoping was not unable to figure it out, but was pretending to be unable to figure it out.
His purpose is to allow himself to express himself on this occasion, in order to let the outside world and the audience see how capable this young assistant is.
The live broadcast of this footage helped Xu Yun immeasurably.
This is more intuitive and effective than the HKUST live broadcast, Witten Q&A, or Academician Pan’s slide resume presentation.
After all, the lineup around him at this time is really fantastic. It is not an exaggeration to say that it will be the Huashan Sword Theory in the physics world in 2023.
But on the other hand.
The price Zhou Shaoping pays for setting up a platform for Xu Yun is.
He will inevitably encounter some criticism afterwards.
The number of criticisms does not necessarily cover the entire network, but it is definitely not absent - especially on some intelligence-reducing platforms.
[Is this the academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences? Still need a young person to give some advice? 】
[Even the older generation pulls their hips like this, your country is hopeless]
[Why does this old man have the nerve to ask a young man for advice? 】
These comments will definitely appear in the comment area of certain videos and will be pinned to the top of the page.
As for Zhou Shaoping's own contribution, there is absolutely no need for him to suffer such criticism. This kind of remarks is extremely unfair to him.
But he still acted as a foil without hesitation, gave up the stage to Xu Yun, and became a 'student' himself.
Maybe
When Zhou Shaoping chose him as his assistant, he had already made plans in this regard?
Suddenly.
Xu Yun thought of the official name of the lone point particle announced not long ago:
Pangu.
In Chinese mythology.
Pangu was born from chaos and created the world.
After death, his body became the mountains and rivers, and he gave everything he had to his descendants.
Because of Pangu, there was the later Nuwa, there was heaven, and there were Chinese myths and legends.
But now Xu Yun suddenly discovered.
The word Pangu actually does not only exist in mythological stories.
In reality, there are always some people who are using their own strength to practice and inherit Pangu's spirit.
They were like white-haired old men sitting in a pavilion by the mountain road. They looked old, weak and mentally weak. They were wearing raincoats and leaning against the pillars, as if they had died soon.
But after seeing new climbers appear.
But they stood up without hesitation, holding hatchets in their hands like dead branches, using the last bit of strength to split a small piece of thorns in front of them, then turned their heads and waved to the climbers, without caring about their own safety. He looked embarrassed and said with a smile that the road was open, let's set off quickly.
What a shame this situation is.
respectable. I recommend a friend's work, "Book of Troubled Times", a new work by a veteran master. I haven't seen such a good martial arts work in a long time
(End of chapter)