Chapter 463 boom! ! (Thanks to Mr. Chen Zui for the reward!)
"."
Looking at Hou Xingyuan and Carlo Rubbia coming out of the backstage and having a good chat with each other on the surface.
Suzuki Atsushi's mind suddenly went blank.
Isn't this style of painting wrong?
Why does CERN cooperate with the Chinese Academy of Sciences?
To know.
Although there is an irresolvable hatred between CERN and Kamiokande Laboratory, the relationship between the two parties has deteriorated to the point that many times they are not even willing to do superficial things.
For example, at a physics summit on charmonium particles held in Kuala Lumpur last August, two representatives from CERN and Kamiokande Laboratory yelled at each other for several minutes, and even almost came to blows.
But on the other hand.
Although both parties wish each other to die.
But when facing the country of China, both sides will retain some tacit understanding that contains political overtones.
I won’t go into detail about Kamiokane Laboratory. I once introduced the release of pigeons from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
And CERN.
True.
It is true that some CERN scholars have given considerable help to the Chinese physics community.
It can even be said that a large part of the reason why China's particle physics has developed in recent years must be attributed to CERN scholars.
But it needs explanation.
When these scholars contacted China, they basically communicated as consultants to universities in their home countries, rather than as assistance from CERN projects.
This is similar to the commercial cooperation between Chinese football and European clubs. Nowadays, many European clubs will accept some young Chinese players for trial training.
For example, Atletico Madrid, Granada, etc.
These clubs are affiliated with UEFA, and UEFA did give some green light to the process throughout the process.
But in fact it is the clubs that really help, not a joint organization like UEFA.
Actually.
CERN officials are still relatively exclusive towards Chinese people. Although there are several postdocs every year - that is, postdoctoral fellows who are allowed to bring their families, staff positions are rarely approved.
Although in recent years, more and more Chinese people are playing important roles in the four CERN experimental groups of ATLAS, CMS, AMS, and LHCb.
But they are either postdoc models, such as the cooperation between HKUST, Jinling University, Shuimu University, etc.
Either
migrant.
The current actions of Carlo Rubbia are equivalent to UEFA suddenly announcing a strategic cooperation with the Chinese Football Association:
As long as China has good seedlings, they can be sent to Europe at will, and we will help you cultivate them without even considering labor certificates.
How can Atsushi Suzuki not be surprised by this?
Actually.
The surprise was not only Suzuki Atsushi, but also Zhou Shaoping and Xu Yun who were originally a little angry because of Bruce Arnold's rogue remarks.
Xu Yun then glanced at the main screen.
After realizing that the camera and sound recording equipment were moving towards Carlo Rubbia, he quickly approached Academician Pan:
"Teacher, this is."
"As the saying goes, you can't put your eggs in one basket."
Academician Pan smiled, raised his chin in the direction of Carlo Rubbia, and whispered:
"The plan for CERN's next-generation collider has not yet been decided. The bigger the news, the better for them, plus some discounts promised by the Academy of Sciences. You can understand the details yourself."
Finished.
Academician Pan strode towards Hou Xingyuan and Carlo Rubbia and greeted them warmly.
Xu Yun, a transparent person, stayed where he was and scratched his head, with a confused look on his face:
"What does this mean?"
Zhou Shaoping on the side was obviously much sharper than him in this regard. Seeing that Xu Yun hadn't figured it out yet, he mentioned something:
"Xiao Xu, think about what projects Neon has over there? It's related to the collider."
Xu Yun was stunned for a moment.
After a few seconds.
He couldn't help but slap his forehead and said suddenly:
"I understand, Academician Zhou, you mean ILC?"
Zhou Shaoping patted his shoulder and said nothing.
Xu Yun looked at Atsushi Suzuki again with some hindsight, and couldn't help but feel a trace of emotion in his heart:
So that’s what happened
Mentioned earlier.
Currently, the highest particle collision energy level is 10 to the 13th power, which is 13TeV.
If high-energy physics wants to continue to develop, it needs to at least increase the energy to the Planck scale, that is, the energy level of the collider must reach 10^16 TeV.
Theoretically, only when this energy level is exceeded can new discoveries in high-energy physics be possible.
As for the gap between 13TeV-10^16 TeV, there is also a very intuitive name:
Energy level desert.
The word desert is enough to explain everything.
Therefore, the field of front-end particle physics has been thinking about improving the magnitude of the collider. The earliest proposed equipment is called the International Linear Collider.
That is InternationalLinearCollider, referred to as ILC.
It is a linear accelerator about 20 kilometers long, with an energy level that can reach 50TeV.
At the beginning of this project, it was planned to choose one of three projects: CERN, Fermilab, and Neon.
However, it was successfully acquired by Neon in 2020, and the total cost was about 100 billion Chinese coins.
Although Neon gave ILC a yellow light in 2022, it quickly listed it as a project to be built and earmarked an initial funding amount - there are rumors that this funding is about 5 billion Chinese coins. , but there’s nothing concrete about it. Anyway, the quantity won’t be too small.
In other words.
For Atsushi Suzuki, he basically doesn’t have to worry about the handover and iteration of the Neon next-generation collider. He only needs to consider the project’s implementation time?
But CERN is different.
After ILC was snatched away by Neon.
CERN immediately announced a new collider project called the Future Circular Collider, or FCC.
Its orbital length will reach 100 kilometers, its magnitude will be 100TeV, and its total construction cost will be 180 billion Chinese coins.
However, this project has never been implemented. The reason is simple:
There is an energy level desert ahead, so investing so much money may not have any effect.
So Carlo Rubbia has been working on this project over the years, and China has also been working on it - because China's infrastructure is solid and cheap, it is a well-deserved first choice.
And today’s press conference
Not to mention dark matter, if another particle can be discovered - especially an example at the TeV level, it will undoubtedly be a huge help to Carlo Rubbia or thousands of employees at CERN.
Carlo Rubbia can throw the report on the table of the Council of Member States and proudly say that this particle is a relic on the edge of the energy level desert. There may not be nothing in the so-called desert.
Maybe there is countless oil buried under the desert.
Of course.
Just don't let the eagles steal it.
This is something that is beneficial to all of CERN, that is, Carlo Rubbia's stance is definitely positive.
In addition, Hou Xingyuan probably made some other conditions to Carlo Rubbia, such as the discount that Academician Pan mentioned - this thing most likely refers to the project quotation.
Although the profit from engineering infrastructure is definitely not as high as that from instrumentation and equipment, it must account for the bulk of the FCC's total expenditure. After all, the total length of underground equipment is 100 kilometers.
As Hou Xingyuan is the president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is easy to promise some discounts in this regard, and Xu Yun has no doubt that the rabbits will still make money.
No wonder Xu Yun hasn’t seen Carlo Rubbia since just now. The co-author went backstage to have a secret meeting with Hou Xingyuan
Think of this.
Xu Yun sighed without warning.
Although we may be able to tide over this difficulty by relying on CERN, in the final analysis we still need to have an accelerator at home.
Then he glanced at Mr. Yang next to him, feeling a little emotional in his heart.
At that time, China planned to build a super particle collider, also known as CEPC.
But during the discussion, huge differences of opinion emerged.
Among the industry insiders who support CEPC, the most representative ones are Academician Wang Yifang, Director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, and Mr. Qiu Chengtong.
The representative figure of opposition is Mr. Yang.
At that time, Mr. Yang wrote an article "It is not appropriate for China to build a super-large collider today", using seven reasons to oppose the views of Fields Medal winner Mr. Yau Shing-tung.
Academician Wang Yifang read the article that morning.
He wrote an article titled "China is building a large collider, today is the time" to refute it.
Objectively speaking, both sides are actually justified.
Mr. Yang’s reason is very straightforward:
The magnitude of CEPC is 100TeV+. It is a recognized energy desert. The reality is not a novel. It is very likely that you will not find anything by investing 200 billion. It is obviously more cost-effective to invest 200 billion in education.
Academician Wang Yifang’s opinion is actually quite reasonable:
It’s not that the country can’t come up with 200 billion in funds. If the rectification of funds is messy, at least 150 billion can be freed up in five years. The country will only need 50 billion. No one can guarantee that this important weapon of the country will be useful, but it cannot be avoided. Without this It's really possible that everything is gone.
all in all.
Due to differences in opinions, Mr. Yang and Academician Wang Yifang now have a very bad relationship.
At the same time, there are many netizens in China who dislike Mr. Yang and academicians, so we can often see some netizens using the excuse of supporting one party to attack the other party.
Among them, Mr. Yang's ability to withstand pressure is better.
After all, the criticism he encountered lasted for more than a day or two. At that time, Mr. Yang, who was already 94 years old, had little contact with the outside world and kept out of sight.
But Academician Wang Yifang has really had a hard time these years. He was at the peak of his research career at that time, and he frequently participated in various conferences and accepted interviews.
Fortunately, last year he led the Daya Bay team to complete the measurement of the neutrino oscillation matrix angle. This is the largest contribution China's local physics community has made to basic physics so far, and it has barely regained some of its reputation.
It's a pity that the barriers to this achievement are relatively high, and many people don't know about it.
Both academicians are capable and devoted to scientific research. The current stiff relationship between the two is really regrettable and regrettable.
In fact, it is not only the field of scientific research.
Among Internet article writers, there are many examples of leading authors who get into trouble.
It can only be said that humans are creatures with likes and dislikes after all, and two people with strong abilities may not be able to see each other in the eyes.
And the other side.
After Academician Pan came to my side.
Carlo Rubbia smiled heartily and took the initiative to shake hands with him:
"Hey Pan, haven't we seen each other in a few years?"
Academician Pan smiled and replied:
"About six years, Mr. Rubia."
Carlo Rubbia arrived in Chengdu relatively late. The people responsible for welcoming him were Hou Xingyuan and another veteran academician from the Academy of Sciences. Academician Pan was not present in person.
So this current handshake is the first time the two have met face to face in several years.
After letting go of your hand.
Carlo Rubbia glanced at Atsushi Suzuki in the distance, and quickly turned his attention to the big screen:
"Pan, your staff has introduced the LHC signal into the background, and you can issue start commands at any time."
Academician Pan's face appropriately showed gratitude.
Part of this gratitude is just for fun, but part of it is also sincere.
Although CERN's admission is strictly a mutually beneficial transaction.
But for Carlo Rubbia personally, making such a decision still comes with certain risks.
After all, if particles of the 923.8 GeV magnitude did not exist, Carlo Rubbia would certainly not have the most ideal bargaining chip to convince the Council of Member States.
Of course.
This emotion was fleeting, and Academician Pan's expression soon became serious.
Then he and Hou Xingyuan looked at each other.
After getting Hou Xingyuan's signal.
Academician Pan lowered his earphones and said into the microphone:
"The staff of the LHC accelerator are now entering the final confirmation link before the equipment is started. If the equipment is normal, please reply with an executable signal!"
After a while.
A huge English word appeared on the screen:
【ready】.
This word is followed by a small emoticon of [^^], which made the somewhat tense atmosphere of the scene much more relaxed.
See this situation.
Academician Pan no longer hesitated, took a deep breath again, and said:
"Power on!"
Following Academician Pan’s order.
Tens of thousands of kilometers away.
Switzerland.
The LHC collision control room at CERN headquarters.
A middle-aged white man with a shiny forehead pressed the start button simultaneously.
Boom boom boom——
Unlike other collider.
As the largest collision facility in the world today, the LHC tunnel length is also the longest in the world - it is 27 kilometers long.
What was used this time was the CMS, which is a compact muon coil, which is a general-purpose particle detector.
As the device boots up.
Liquid helium is injected into the middle area of the CMS to ensure that the superconducting magnet does not exceed its operating temperature.
Immediately afterwards.
A proton synchrotron began to accelerate the lead ion beam.
This is a small linear accelerator, black and hard but very thin, and it keeps making a snapping sound - this is the sound of the superconducting magnet entering the superconducting state.
After a while.
A dense ion beam was ejected from the nozzle of the proton synchrotron thruster and shot straight into the warm cavity of the main accelerating ring that had reached operating temperature.
Within 49 microseconds.
The main accelerating ring is filled with billions of small particles.
Then quickly.
The total energy in the ion beam reached the level of 600 million joules, and it was fired from the injection port like a fully charged bow and arrow.
26 nanoseconds later.
The two ion beams collided fiercely.
As everyone knows.
The shape of the atomic nucleus is approximately a sphere.
But when the atomic nucleus is accelerated to close to the speed of light, its direction of motion becomes very narrow due to Lorentz contraction, and the shape of the system during collision becomes an ellipsoid.
Ever since.
Countless pairs of ellipsoid-shaped nuclei moving toward each other collided heavily.
Bang——
Countless particles exploded instantly, and various basic particles scattered out.
If these ion beams are a civilization, then this is the day when civilization will be destroyed.
At the same time, because the energy level is much higher than the previous 11GeV collision, the event cutting of this collision is more obvious-because the higher the energy level, the higher the temperature.
Each particle collision can be roughly cut into 100,000 events, which are then processed by the graphics processing unit for the next stage.
over time.
Trajectory jets of large numbers of magnetic particles appeared in the statistical background.
As the chemical potential increases, the fourth-order moment first decreases and then increases near the CEP.
at the same time.
CERN is not idle either.
NCQ scaling for collective elliptical flows
Light nuclear output ratio.
Critical behavior local thermal equilibrium coefficient
Dilepton yield.
These data are recorded one by one.
Although these data do not have much to do with the particles to be measured, they can provide reference cases for other studies - even CERN does not have the luxury to conduct collisions of this magnitude every day.
Actually.
The last time there was a collision of this magnitude was 6 months ago.
10 minutes
15 minutes
20 minutes
over time.
CERN has also collected more and more cases.
Academician Xu Yunpan. Hou Xingyuan. Zhou Shaoping. Yang Lao. Wittenhuft Polyakov. Higgs.
Even Suzuki Atsushi and Kobayashi Makoto and others who were far away in Neon were staring at the live broadcast.
They are waiting for an answer.
If the experiment fails.
So although the press conference of the Academy of Sciences is still an unprecedented success, it is somewhat unsatisfactory.
Like a prisoner, the shackles on his neck are removed, but the shackles on his feet remain.
At the same time
Witten's prestige will also plummet.
But if the experiment succeeds.
Then China High Energy Physics will be like Andy who escaped from Shawshank Prison, standing freely on the earth, spreading his hands, and embracing the sky.
25 minutes
33 minutes
47 minutes
finally.
At the 59th minute of the experiment.
Swish——
A filtered and enlarged case list suddenly appeared on the main screen.
The number note of the case table is.
234491835.
According to the ratio of one impact cutting out 100,000 events, this is about the 2300th impact in the sequence.
Don't look at this impact sequence.
As mentioned earlier, 30 pairs of particles can collide in a cluster, which is considered a very high ratio.
The moment I saw this example table.
Swish——
All participants stood up from their seats almost simultaneously, leaned forward, and looked at the main screen with shock.
First row.
Atsushi Suzuki suddenly stumbled and fell heavily onto the nearest seat, breathing heavily.
Higgs's mouth was slightly open, with a surprised expression.
Academician Pan's left hand hanging down by his side suddenly clenched into a fist.
Witten's expression froze, but was soon replaced by a wave of surprise.
Xu Yun's eyes widened, and a blush appeared on his face.
I only see this moment
On the large screen case table. Near the 950GeV interval, there is a.
Straight bulge!
(End of chapter)