Chapter 784 Your Majesty, I made a bird
Kanda Shinichi is a hard-core person, and he is one of the few very talented people in Japan. Zhu Yijun very much recognized some of the contents of his "The Rise and Fall of the World".
Zhu Yijun couldn't agree with it, and the accusation against the emperor himself was really not up to snuff.
The imperial system is an unstable system with a high upper limit and a very low lower limit. Whether an emperor is wise or not directly determines the fate of the empire and the direction of the people.
So Zhu Yijun didn't blame him too much. He simply threw Shinichi Kanda into the hospital to make specimens and cut them into tens of thousands of pieces, thus contributing to the progress of medicine.
The second volume of Zhang Juzheng's "On Public and Private Affairs" discusses the correlation between the imperial hegemony and the struggle to promote the common people. It is a very comprehensive discussion. The second volume of "On Public and Private Affairs" has very specific guiding significance for the current Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun wants to publish it, and Zhang Juzheng I feel like it's rebellious.
"Sir, no matter how much theory there is, it still requires practice and discussion. The sky will not fall." Zhu Yijun made a decision. Once you, Zhang Juzheng, write it down, it will not be yours. It is one of the collective wealth of the Ming Dynasty.
The unity of knowledge and action has been called for so many years, but even Yang Bo cannot achieve the unity of knowledge and action and conscience. He knows everything, but he just can't do it.
The people are the foundation of a country, and the foundation is solid and the country is in peace. This sentence comes from "Shang Shu", which is a consensus formed three generations ago, that is, the time of Yao, Shun and Yu. It is the "Yu Shu", "Xia Shu", "Shang Shu", The compilation of "Book of Zhou", but time flies, almost five thousand years have passed, isn't it still like that, a cannibalistic world where big fish eats small fish and small fish eat shrimps?
No matter how much we talk about theory, we still have to put it into practice.
"I obey the order." Zhang Juzheng obeyed the order of the leader. Since Your Majesty doesn't care much, just publish it.
After the court meeting, Liu Ji received various gifts from the emperor, including the second volume of Zhang Juzheng's Theory of Public and Private Affairs. The second volume of Theory of Public and Private Affairs discusses the rationality of human nature and the fact that everyone is private.
Although Yang Zhuzhi's theory has disappeared in the long river of history, leaving only a few words in other people's classics, the humble Confucians of the Ming Dynasty all lived up to the original theory of Yang Zhuzhi's theory. This behavior is reasonable. It is human nature to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.
These cheap Confucians who have become Yang Zhu himself have three biggest behavioral logics.
First, only make choices that are completely beneficial to you as an individual, and you can even abandon the nine tribes.
Second, when the group's interests are damaged, they immediately betray the group to avoid the loss of personal interests.
Third, when group interests benefit, immediately use all your strength to destroy and stop group gains, otherwise it will be regarded as a loss of personal interests.
"What's the point of living for such a person?" Liu Ji hurried back to Huitongguanyi after reading the opening chapter, eager to read the public and private essays carefully.
There are universal connections between everything.
Herders on the grasslands overgraze for higher profits, causing the grassland to degrade into sandy land. The more degraded the grassland is, the more intense the competition among herdsmen for the grassland will be, and the problem of grassland degradation will intensify. When the north wind blows, the capital will Dust everywhere.
In the definition of sociology, human beings are the sum of all relationships.
Since the opening of the Wanli Empire, the Ming Dynasty has been committed to dismantling the small-scale peasant economy and transforming into a commodity economy. The more developed the commodity economy is, the closer the connection between the emperor's imperial hegemony and the struggle for prosperity of the common people.
There was only one place in the Ming Dynasty that could truly be called a commodity economy, and that was Songjiang Prefecture.
When Wang Daokun, the governor of Songjiang, took office in Songjiang, he planned that within ten years, Songjiang Prefecture would be able to increase by 300,000 people due to the opening of the sea. In the fourteenth year of Wanli, the total population of Songjiang Prefecture had exceeded 3.5 million, surpassing Jingtang in one fell swoop. , the previous plans have become ridiculous, and we can only completely overturn them and start over.
Songjiang Prefecture completed the transformation of the commodity economy and the small-scale peasant economy collapsed.
In the widespread small-scale peasant economy, the living area of most people does not exceed twenty miles from generation to generation, and most people will not have any contact with people ten miles away. It has almost nothing to do with the people, and the imperial hegemony will definitely become a burden to the people.
Therefore, militarism and large-scale construction projects must be opposed, and we must oppose them with a clear-cut stand to prevent the country from being destabilized and dragging all social classes into the abyss.
After the relationship of strong personal dependence continued to disintegrate and large-scale free employment relationships were established, the imperial hegemony began to be closely related to the promotion of the common people.
Because the types of goods are increasing and materials are becoming richer, the stronger the imperial hegemony is, even the humble people will benefit.
The people of the Ming Dynasty must have a better life than the people of Merina who eat raw hair and drink blood.
The world belongs to the people of the world. This sentence of His Majesty’s reply contains many, many contents, such as the expansion of territory, foreign wars, armament innovation, official roads, establishment of schools, etc. Imperial hegemony, which is related to everyone. It does matter, and it matters a lot.
If the transformation of the commodity economy is completed, then everyone will live in a huge economy with rapid movement of goods, and everyone's fate will be related to the rise and fall of this economy. The better this economy is, the better everyone's life will be. The worse the economy gets, the worse life gets.
Being able to link the imperial hegemony with the promotion of the common people breaks the ancient curse. The imperial power does not extend to the county. The power of the court can be transferred to the village level in various ways. When the political structure is Ushering in earth-shaking changes.
When Liu Ji saw this, a doubt immediately arose in his heart.
Today, His Majesty is wise enough and ambitious enough to pursue the imperial hegemony tirelessly. But if the emperor becomes lazy, has no ambition, and has no imperial hegemony at all, where will the Ming Dynasty go?
This doubt in itself is treacherous enough. It is questioning the sanctity of the king's authority.
Just like the Han people who migrated to Liaodong, their goal was to have five large tile-roofed houses, a wife and children on the hot bed. Once achieved, they would be rich and content, and they would become satisfied after achieving some achievements, and they would not even think about making progress.
Most emperors only wanted the power of life and death, and did not want to take any responsibility for the rise and fall of the dynasty; they only wanted to control the wealth of the world, and did not want to take on any of the hard work of handling government affairs.
For example, His Royal Highness King Lu is like this. Human nature is selfish, and this is a reasonable choice.
Those who receive the country's filth are called the rulers of the country; those who receive the country's misfortune are called the kings of the world. But most kings are neither the rulers of the country nor the kings of the world.
Soon, Liu Ji felt relieved. In fact, the emperor had no ambition. Sometimes, it was a good thing. Not enough ability and too much ambition were a kind of disaster. Doing nothing was sometimes a kind of wisdom. .
In the second volume of Zhang Juzheng's Public and Private Theory, he used a lengthy discussion to discuss the correlation between the imperial hegemony and the promotion of the common people.
Liu Ji looked at the book on public and private in his hand. This was only the first two pages. There was a lot of content behind it to discuss public and private. Learning without thinking would be useless. But reading this book made Liu Ji tremble with fear. Those things that were about to come out. The questions and answers made him breathless.
Liu Ji carefully turned to the third page, and then he found that the discussion on the third page became even bolder.
Public and private have always been a relative concept. Everyone in the world is selfish. This is human nature and is extremely reasonable. As long as private ownership exists in this world, there will definitely be class divisions.
Then each class will produce a collective that is larger than the individual. Compared with the individual, the class as a whole is the public.
Zhang Juzheng accurately described the concept of class for the first time. Class is a summary of the oppositional relationship between one group's oppression and oppression, dominance and being dominated by another or several groups.
This opposition is based on the relations of production, that is to say, when the relations of production are established, the antagonistic relationship between the exploiter and the exploited is established, and the relationship between the ruler and the ruled is established.
This is what makes people desperate. As long as there is private ownership, exploitation will be established; there will be classes; as long as there are classes, there will be oppression; as long as there is oppression, there will be resistance.
Contradictions between people and between classes have become inevitable.
Therefore, all class contradictions and struggles will eventually evolve into political contradictions and struggles, manifesting as fierce power contests in politics.
Many contradictions and conflicts between the monarch and his ministers, civil and military affairs, internal and external ministers, rural gentry and poor coolies, tax exhortation and armed resistance, slavery and the war against Sochi, etc., their external manifestations are diverse, but at their root they are all classes. conflicts and struggles between them.
Contradictions and struggles between classes, increasingly intense conflicts, will eventually destroy each other. The obligation of the dynasty and the king is to use power over all classes to regulate the contradictions between classes. This is the dynasty’s duty. If the adjustment cannot be completed, the country will be incapacitated and will perish.
"The king is heaven, and the order of heaven is the same as that of subordinates. The master should make his ministers harmonious but not different, and fight without breaking. How about it? It's just a weapon." Liu Ji murmured to himself.
The emperor is the only sky in the Ming Dynasty. All order depends on the emperor for its existence. People should do it so that people in the world can have different opinions, but don't break their faces. It sounds nice, but how can we do it?
Only utensils.
The emperor gave a comprehensive explanation of these three words.
As the ruling class, it must occupy a dominant position in economic activities. Only in this way can it form authoritative rule. If it cannot occupy a dominant position in the economy, then it will definitely lose its political position.
The slave-owning class lost its main position, and the noble families entered the stage of history;
When in the old days, Yan Fei in front of Wang Xietang entered the homes of ordinary people and the land came into the hands of the rural gentry and gentry, the imperial examination system that relied on the virtuous and gentry gentry in the countryside began to show its talents;
When the small-scale peasant economy began to disintegrate, workshop owners and the emerging bourgeoisie began to take their place.
The ruling class in this land has been changing. The reason why the ruling class can rule and adjust the contradictions of other classes is that it occupies a dominant position in the economy.
Liu Ji finished reading these four pages, scratched his head, and put it down for the time being.
Zhang Juzheng's words are very implicit and need to be understood carefully. He has the demeanor of a scholar. The principles he writes require a basic understanding of political logic. It is roughly the kind of demeanor that 'everyone understands everything, but if you don't understand, you are too lazy to explain'. To be reasonable is to be secretive.
Your Majesty is different. Your Majesty's annotations are always in vulgar words. He is afraid that people will not understand them, so he must explain them clearly.
While Liu Ji was studying His Majesty the Emperor's annotations, Chen Mo, the commander of the execution, was leading more than 20 cavalrymen on the grassland.
It is already late spring, but the wind on the grassland is still cold. The grass on the grassland is covered with dew, reflecting the morning sun. The sound of horse hooves is heard. The iron hoofs crush the dewdrops and trample the newly sprouted grass into the soil. .
Chen Mo and Tiqi were chasing a criminal, who was Kanda Shinichi's accomplice. Kanda Shinichi had an insider's cooperation in producing the book "The Rise and Fall of the World", and the person Chen Mo wanted to arrest was the key criminal.
The criminal appeared at Zhangjiakou Fort in Xuanfu, intending to go to Guihua City via here. While in Xuanfu, the hotel owner recognized the criminal.
The prisoner and his five followers fled immediately after discovering the abnormality. Zhangjiakou Fort's response was a little slow and they were run away.
Contradictions, public and private, production, class, distribution, struggle, etc., Chen Mo did not understand at all, and he was too lazy to understand. He was just a Tiqi who handled cases. He felt that he did not need to understand those. He only knew two words, loyalty! If they dare to get involved with Japanese pirates and try to overthrow His Majesty's rule, Chen Mo will not be able to let these traitors go! Otherwise, Chen Mo would not be able to afford the salary of nearly 300 silver a year, as well as the benefits such as the martial arts school for his children.
Chen Mo looked at Tiqi and felt quite peaceful. These daring traitors couldn't escape at all.
Tiqi has three horses per person, while each rebel has only one horse. Even the rebel's horse is a high-quality back mountain horse with extremely strong endurance. However, after running for one hundred and twenty miles, one horse was gasping for breath. He was so angry that his horse stumbled. The rebel on horseback fell to the ground and was captured by Tiqi.
Soon, the rebels' horses began to lose strength. The thieves even took out their daggers and stabbed them into the horses' backs, but the horses still fell down one after another.
"It's not fair to bully the few with more!" A typical big man from the prairie even has a three-piece hairstyle, that is, the sides of his head are shaved until the temples, leaving a lock of hair on his forehead. The tied man still has a full face. Not convinced.
It was so frustrating to lose. Tiqi relied on many horses and had no riding skills at all.
Chen Mo held the riding gun with one hand and held the reins with the other hand, letting the horse move slowly, and said calmly: "I am Chen Mo."
"Sky Eagle Hai Dongqing?" The big man's expression immediately changed.
The name Chen Mo was not very popular in the Ming Dynasty. He was just a five-year-old Dun Tai Yuan Hou, but he was famous on the grassland. He was known as Tianying Haidongqing. There were wrong names, but there was never a wrong nickname. .
Back then, there was a horse bandit with 200 people chasing Chen Mo. Chen Mo killed twelve of them and escaped. Later, Chen Mo led the army to destroy the horse bandit's stronghold.
Check out the 16-9 book bar and see the correct version!
The most troublesome thing about horse bandits is to find out where they move and station. Once they find them, they can be wiped out.
Chen Mo raised his head, held the gun with both hands, and pulled the trigger. The flint rubbed against the scythe, causing sparks to ignite the gunpowder in the fire door. The ignition powder burned rapidly, and the propellant exploded violently in the gun chamber. It swirled, roared out, and shot into the sky, hitting the vultures circling in the sky.
"After a long time in the battle formation, some of my hands are raw." Chen Mo cleaned up his musket and said with a smile to the big man: "You tell me honestly, otherwise I have many means to make you speak."
The big man was originally thinking of snatching the horse and continuing to escape, but now he gave up. Chen Mo's arrows were so accurate back then, and now he is so good at playing with the fire blunderbuss. He can't escape by running away, so he can only explain it honestly to prevent it. Shot to death.
Chen Mo took the big man back to Xuanfu, took a train through Juyong Pass, and spent a day arriving at Xizhimen Station in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, where he took the criminal to Fusi Tianlao in Beizhen.
"That is to say, there are still die-hard people on the grassland who want to restore the glory of the Great Yuan. They resist Wang Hua and join forces with Kanda Zhen?" Zhu Yijun frowned and said: "Why do I feel that there is still a key figure missing in this process? , Centered Contact ”
"Japanese pirates and northern pirates are mixed together, and there is no one to introduce them. How can they know each other?"
"Your Majesty is a wise man." Chen Mo bowed his head and said, "Your Majesty visited Tianjin on his southern tour. The son of Akira Kawajian killed his father and then discovered the smuggling of opium. According to Shinichi Kanda's account, Akira Kawajian had been in contact with the Japanese pirates. Zhang Pingshan, who was beheaded, had an outhouse named Zhang Tingxuan, who was in contact with him. "
"Already arrested and sent to jail."
"Oh, the revenge for killing his father." Zhu Yijun understood. He passed by Tianjin on his southern tour, killed the Zhang family in Hejian, killed his father, and destroyed the opium business that made a lot of money. This is not in the case. It is reasonable for a foreigner to be resentful and take revenge.
"Let's send him to Jiefuan together. If he doesn't get involved with the Japanese pirates, I'll give him some dignity."
He was assassinated in revenge. Zhu Yijun thought he was a man. If he got involved with the Japanese pirates, he could only be sent to the Jiefuan Hospital to contribute to medicine.
"Chen Mo, the emperor's uncle asked me to go see his new toy and join in the fun. I have something to ask you." Zhu Yijun stood up. The emperor's uncle Zhu Zaiyu had tinkered with a fun thing and had already decided on it. Itinerary, but Zhu Yijun hadn't asked clearly about the Qing Dynasty's elimination in Xuanfu Datong, so they decided to do it together.
Chen Mo told what he saw in detail, without any concealment. Zhou Liangyin's elimination was very successful. He told the emperor that he was a little conservative, for fear of recurrence and no room for error.
The main method for Zhou Liangyin's elimination was to find the common ground between regular officials and redundant personnel, and carry out targeted elimination.
For example, in the dianmao book, everyone is on the dianmao book, but in fact the notes are all from the same person, which means that this person is the only mainstay in this six-room house, and is the official;
In the dianmao register, whoever is absent from work the most, if he and his cronies are removed, the yamen can operate as usual. It will be the same with or without him, so it must be redundant staff.
"His elimination method is a bit familiar. Isn't this the Li Kaifang formula I use for tax collection?" The more Zhu Yijun listened, the more he felt something was wrong. Zhou Liangyin was still copying it this time!
In the past, Zhou Liangyin liked to copy Hou Yu Zhao. If Hou Yu Zhao took a step, Zhou Liangyin would shout, "I do too." Now Zhou Liangyin has copied the emperor!
Li Kaifang's formula is actually a formula for calculating conditional probability. Although the formula is troublesome, Zhu Yijun explained the specific matter of tax collection so well that Zhou Liangyin used it directly. He even used Zhang Juzheng's "The Common Diseases of Cheap Confucianism" "Sparse" was used as a condition for redundant staff and was comprehensively screened.
Chen Mo thought for a while and said: "There are so many people. Governor Zhou must find a way to distinguish the regular officials from the redundant staff. This not only ensures that everything in the yamen is normal, but also clears out the redundant staff. There is a good way." , naturally use it.”
"Let him do the work for the imperial court." Zhu Yijun said nonchalantly.
Zhu Yijun and Chen Mo talked as they walked, and arrived at the gate of the Royal Garden, where they met Zhu Zaiyu, and then took the train to Beidaying. The things that the Royal Garden was tinkering with were really a bit big, and the Garden was a bit showy. Not open.
"Your Majesty, this is Dr. Huang Zifu's invention. Let Dr. Huang explain to your Majesty what he invented." Zhu Zaiyu led Huang Zifu to the emperor.
Huang Zifu was the mountain man recommended to the imperial court by Tan Lun. He was a skilled craftsman and was good at craftsmanship. Tan Lun had died of illness a long time ago, but his friend was still working hard for the Ming Dynasty.
"I pay my respects to Your Majesty. Your Majesty pays you my respects." Huang Zifu paid homage respectfully, then stood up and said hesitantly: "Your Majesty, I made a bird."
"Bird?" Zhu Yijun was stunned and said with a solemn expression: "Tell me carefully."
"Your Majesty, the navy has hot air balloons tied to the ship and released. Because it is made of silk, it is extremely expensive and has the disadvantage of moving with the wind. The navy has an urgent need to fly higher and see farther. "The idea of Navy Commander Chen Lin is to build a kite that can carry people." Huang Zifu first talked about the hot air balloon that appeared during the ship review.
Kongming lanterns are when hot air rises. Hot air balloons are large Kongming lanterns, but silk is really too expensive, and hot air balloons that move with the wind are too variable. Therefore, the navy hopes that Gewuyuan can build a kite that meets the needs to facilitate observation. .
The Ming Dynasty attached great importance to intelligence. In naval battles, they only relied on watchtowers and unstable hot-air balloons to observe the enemy's situation. This really annoyed the navy, so they asked Gewuyuan if they could build a big kite to carry people to the sky.
"I began to design according to the navy's requirements." Huang Zifu took out a thick notebook and presented it to the emperor.
Zhu Yijun opened the notebook. The notebook was very thick. The initial design drawings were somewhat similar to Leonardo da Vinci's ornithopter. A person lay prone in the middle of the ornithopter, pedaling on the back top plate, and pulling the bird feathers on the front. The horizontal pestle flaps like a bird, trying to fly.
From the notes, it can be clearly seen that Huang Zifu was very anxious during that time. The drafts were all filled with crosses drawn by Huang Zifu, and there were even complaints about himself by Huang Zifu.
The main reason was that hundreds of thousands of silver were wasted without any results. The repeated failures made Huang Zifu feel dizzy.
The design drawings of the ornithopter accounted for most of the drawings, and then the design style suddenly changed.
"Your Majesty, I had a restless sleep that day and kept dreaming. I can't remember what was in my dream, but when I woke up, I thought of hard sails." Huang Zifu introduced why his design ideas changed.
The hard sails of the Ming Dynasty can travel in eight directions and can move forward even against the wind. Because the air flows through different distances in the curved hard sails, the air flow is fast on one side and the air flow is slow on the other side, which will create a pressure difference and generate force to push the ship. Sailing.
Turning the hard sail sideways creates upward lifting force.
Huang Zifu laid the hard sail flat and started a new drawing design. The material was changed from cloth to all wood, and steel parts were reinforced at key positions. With every experiment, there will be new gains. From the words and drawings on the draft paper, it can be seen that Huang Zifu's mood is getting better and better.
Throughout the design process, air lift and the angle of the wings, the shape of the fuselage, rudders, elevators, landing gear, etc. began to emerge.
"Is this an air pressure chart?" Zhu Yijun turned to the last page, a five-foot high platform, five years, and more than 3,000 experimental data. The data was compiled into the pressure difference chart in front of him. From no one to someone, he modified it bit by bit. The shape of the hardwood wing strives to obtain enough lift from the curved surface of the wing to meet the needs.
"I designed a total of 5 types of single-wing gliders and 2 types of bi-wing gliders, and finally decided on these two types of gliders." After Huang Zifu finished speaking, he had two gliders hauled in.
The first one carries a large triangular glider. The wing is only about one foot. The single wing is to be delivered to the navy for reconnaissance use. It is also easier to tow at sea, like a kite.
The second one has a double-layered wing, which is more than two feet long and has an extremely complex design.
(Schematic diagram of a biplane glider)
"Currently, under traction from the ground, this biplane glider can glide from a height of five feet to a distance of thirty-five feet." Huang Zifu introduced the performance of this finalized biplane glider.
Huang Zifu didn't just say that he had people drag the glider to a five-foot-high earthen platform. The earthen platform was twenty feet long. A No. 4 72-horsepower iron horse was installed on the platform as the towing power. A Tiqi was lying on the platform. on the glider.
With the roar of the iron horse, the glider was pulled faster and faster, the rope broke away, and the glider shot out under the inertia and flew out. Tiqi adjusted his posture and controlled the rudder to keep the glider stable. It slid smoothly to the ground in the distance.
The glider has gone through several unmanned experiments, and two pigs were even tied to the sky. After nearly a hundred experiments, Ti was allowed to ride on the glider. At first, it was dragged one foot high, and then it increased little by little, and finally increased to five 10 feet high.
"If the iron horse can continue to shrink and have a horsepower of more than 100 horsepower, it can provide enough power for this biplane glider, and it can fly continuously in the sky!" Huang Zifu explained excitedly, why it met the needs of the navy, Research and development must continue.
Zhu Yijun knew clearly that Huang Zifu fell into the pit.
Just like Zhu Zaiyu has been tinkering with steam turbines, it is impossible to achieve results in the current Ming Dynasty. The weight of the steam engine is too great. Coal and water are all too heavy. The lift of the wings cannot bring the steam engine to the sky. .
"I have invested in this project, you can just make it with peace of mind." Zhu Yijun said with a bright smile: "Just tell me how much it will cost, it will be fully funded by internal funds."
It was destined to be fruitless, but Zhu Yijun still invested firmly. Failure is not terrible. Throughout the process, the experience of mechanical design is priceless. These experiences can make the steam engine miniaturized, change the structure, improve heat utilization, etc. Wait, the benefits are countless.
Guaranteed profit without loss.
(End of chapter)