Chapter 89 088: Instant explosion!
"Virtue successfully countered this group of blue buffs!" Watanaru shouted loudly on the commentary platform. "He is not giving up yet. The Demon Swamp Frog and Three Wolves have also been refreshed one after another. He wants to clean up the entire upper half of EDG!"< br>
The factory director had no choice but to eat the lower half of VG.
But at this moment, there is only one Frog Concubine left in the opponent's jungle area.
After all, he would lose two groups of wild monsters!
VG Nakano's keen sense of smell surprised the factory director.
During this period of time, he has been studying Gu Xing's videos, and he can roughly figure out the opponent's jungle clearing patterns when using male guns.
That's why he didn't make any jungle changes in the early stages of the game, but just arranged his ward position to determine Gu Xing's wild movement.
The factory director wanted to take advantage of the right to go down the route and ask Meiko to come over and join him to surround the opponent in the Three Wolf camp!
By then lowering his blood volume, he can counter Gu Xing's lower half of the jungle and make a lot of money.
Who would have thought that they would be discovered by VG!
Meiko's absence from the bottom lane for a period of time made the opponent wary, but what about him?
Just now, the Marquis and Gu Xing were obviously not coming towards Meiko, but towards themselves!
This can only prove that VG has been wary of his movements for a long time!
The factory director made sure that when he entered the enemy's wild area, he was in the shadow of the opponent's field of vision the whole time and was not seen by the ward.
VG must have noticed its next course of action through previous clues...
Who directed this?
Even if the factory director knew before the game that VG was a very strong opponent, he could not help but raise his estimate of their strength again at this time.
In the previous chasing battle, Virtue's decisive flash forward made the director even more miserable.
Gu Xing made it clear that he wanted to forcefully replace his flash and lower his health volume at the same time!
Male guns don't like flash in the early stage. Without the red BUFF, it would be difficult to catch people in the early stage.
But the Rexer operated by the factory director is different.
The selection of Rek'Sai was not for the sake of stable development with the male gunners, but for the purpose of driving the rhythm in the third lane.
Without flashing excavators, the success rate of the raid line will also be reduced!
Miller focused on the middle, "Scout is really uncomfortable, he doesn't have much mana left!"
Originally, the little boy knew that the factory manager would transfer his first blue BUFF to him, so he pushed the line unscrupulously in the early stage.
But now the blue BUFF falls into the enemy's hands!
Sudden changes disrupted his overall plan.
Now Scout's mana is no longer enough to support him in lane.
The ice girl controlled by the Marquis has not yet had her passive modified. [Ice Bloodline] allows her to cast a skill for free every once in a while, and her mana can keep up.
"If I want to continue to maintain my ability to clear lines, my junior brother must return to the city to replenish supplies!"
Here's the embarrassing point.
In order to avoid being retained by the continuous control of Ice Girl's W+R, Scout cooperates with the male gun to kill himself, and the summoner skill specially uses purification.
Without teleportation, he must choose a suitable return node, otherwise he will lose a lot of soldiers!
Minions are crucial in the early stage. A few soldiers can increase the level. They are the lifeblood of online players.
Scout doesn't want to lose too much experience. Before that, he can only stay in the middle, using the few mana to cast skills and use basic attacks to last hits.
That power will naturally be firmly controlled by Mr. Hou!
For a time, both EDG's midfielder and jungler were at a disadvantage.
The offensive that the factory director tried to launch not only failed to gain, but also suffered heavy losses.
After going back and forth, I used my own flash, lost two groups of wild monsters, and even made the junior boy in the middle lane lose his blue line!
However, as Clearlove is currently the top jungler in the LPL, his strength is undoubted, and he quickly came up with a response strategy.
Replace VG's Demon Swamp Frog, return to the spring, take out the red jungle knife, and continue moving down.
He knew that Gu Xing was still in the upper half area against his wild monster, so he seized the opportunity and went directly to the bottom lane to try to jump over the tower!
"Deft once again pushed the troops to the next tower of VG, and the director appeared in the grass behind the defense tower..."
Rek'Sai's sudden appearance surprised Imp and Xiao Duan.
Since the bottom lane had been suppressed before, and Gu Xing was not helping at the bottom of the map, VG's vision in the lower half was completely dark, and the eye position was impossible to move out.
Imp had E [Eagle Strikes the Sky] in his hand, but he didn't hand it over.
The reason is simple.
He knew that the factory director could not go to the top of the map to fight with Gu Xing for wild monsters. He was definitely in the lower half of the map at this time, so there was no need to use the Eagle Spirit to explore the field of vision.
But Imp didn't expect that the excavator on the opposite side without flashing would dare to jump over the tower!
"I can't get down!" Easyhoon reported the situation in his voice, asking his bottom lane team to take care of themselves.
Seeing Meiko, Bronn stepped forward and used W [Stand Up] to come to the factory director. The VG duo realized that they could not escape intact.
Just turn around and fight back.
"Braum's Q [Winter's Bite] also wanted to hit Ashe, but was blocked by the small Tahm Kench... Meiko refused to let go and used basic attacks to use passive and ignite on the ice!"
< br>
Deft Ezreal's proficiency is on full display at this moment.
The angle of Q [Secret Shooting] was extremely sinister. It passed between the two bins and successfully reduced Han Bing's HP!
"Imp is not weak at all, his bows and arrows keep shooting at Braum who is resisting the tower!"
Meiko raised the security door, and she had obtained a certain amount of double resistance with W [Stand Up], so her frankness was quite impressive.
He withstood the damage from the defensive tower and the VG duo alone, allowing his teammates to deal with peace of mind!
The factory director challenged the punishment and hung it on Han Bing, and E [Dig Tunnel] came under Han Bing.
"Don't hand me W, I'll flash first..." Ju Shengbin spoke very fast.
If Xiao Duan hadn't learned Imp slang during more than a month of getting along, there might have been mistakes in cooperation.
"Imp pulled away and was still trying to cause damage!"
Deft's basic attack was launched, and when the white turbid liquid was about to hit the ice to fill up the layers of [Concussive Slam], Xiao Duan slurped and swallowed the Imp into his mouth.
"Imp adjusted the output position through Tahm's W [Feast]. He left Tahm's mouth, waited for the ignition above his head to disappear, then handed in the healing spell, stood behind and cast Q [Archer's Concentration], and arrows rained down!"
The forced healing spell also reduced the health of the opponent's duo. Knowing that his goal had been achieved, the director quickly signaled his teammates to retreat in his voice.
Deft saw Xiao Duan operating a fat catfish in front of Han Bing, so that his Q [Secret Shooting] had no hitting angle. Knowing that it would be difficult to kill the opponent, Deft finally made a basic attack and left the range of the defense tower. .
"Xiao Duan just put a ignition on Meiko, but the damage was a little bit short. After resisting the tower, Braum's residual health took the Deft healing spell and successfully evacuated!"
After a battle, there was still no kill.
Imp handed over the double call and replaced Deft's treatment.
The summoner's skills are slightly lacking, and his health is very low.
"EDG didn't give up. They waited for the next wave of troops to come over and wanted to continue overcoming the tower!"
Tahm Kench's Feast won't get better in a short time, and Imp doesn't have a double summon. If he gets jumped again, he'll probably die.
As a last resort, we can only retreat.
Run to the self-closing grass in front of the second tower and then return to the city to resupply.
In the team's voice, Mr. Hou's voice was calm, "I couldn't hand in the teleportation just now..."
He was pushing the lane when he was overturned in the bottom lane.
The minions have not been cleared yet. If you go directly to the teleportation position, the soldier line will be blocked by the juniors.
At the same time, in the 6.13 version currently used in the arena, teleportation has been severely weakened.
The boot time is directly increased from 3.5 seconds to 4.5 seconds!
This knife cuts on the aorta, which reduces the cost-effectiveness of carrying and teleporting a lot.
However, the Ice Girl is even less compatible with skills such as sprinting and weakness, and she can still only bring teleportation.
Excessively long guidance time makes it easy for the other party to interrupt it.
At that time, Mr. Hou was afraid that Scout would come up and use W [Gravity Field] to interrupt his teleportation.
And even if he can get to the bottom lane, the battle is coming to an end, and the little boy will take advantage of the time he leaves the middle lane to handle the troops and return to the city to replenish mana.
The Marquis studied it carefully and decided not to go.
It is a better choice to stay in the middle and continue to suppress the younger students.
"Scout's tower sword has reached its peak, but after the last E [Death Ray] was handed over, his mana was completely drained, and his basic attacks would inevitably miss troops!"
The elementary school boy called the factory director on his voice and asked him to come over and help untie the line.
Clearlove knew that his mid laner was in trouble, so he forced the VG duo back into the city and rushed to the middle without stopping.
He planned to help his teammates push the troop line over quickly, so as to free up time for the junior to return to the city and lose as little troop line as possible.
However, as soon as the factory manager showed up on the line, before he had time to deal with the minions, he saw Graves carrying a shotgun emerging from the grass above the middle road!
"Virtue also came to the middle!" Wawa's voice was rich and powerful, "He wants to prevent the factory director from clearing the line!"
Gu Xing has carefully studied the line-field linkage taught by Hongmi, and knows that the line of troops in the middle is very poor for EDG.
But just relying on the elementary school students who don't have blue can't solve it at all.
If you want to solve it, you have to ask other teammates to help.
Those responsible for this task during the laning phase are nothing more than junglers and auxiliaries - these two positions have very low demand for troops and can often roam for support.
Therefore, after Gu Xing finished clearing the upper half of EDG and saw the factory director leaving the bottom lane, he decisively ran to the middle lane to confront the enemy!
As long as he is here, EDG will not dare to clear the line of troops at will!
Although the red BUFF on Gu Xing has disappeared, and Hou Ye's Ice Girl has not yet reached level 6, it seems difficult to retain EDG's midfielder.
But if the opponent pushes the line despite the damage, it will set up a target for them to output at will!
"The factory director didn't flash, and the junior brother's blue energy has bottomed out... They don't have any long-range and harmless way to push the line, and the situation in the middle is deadlocked!"
Meiko's judgment of the situation is also excellent. When he saw something was wrong with the situation in the middle lane, he immediately rushed over and tried to help his teammates seize the right to the middle lane with their numerical advantage.
"After returning to the city for a short period of time to resupply, I rushed to the middle lane, and came to the line almost at the same time as Meiko!"
On both sides, Nakano and Fu stood on the line. Gu Xing relied on Tamu's protection and moved quite arrogantly.
EDG doesn't dare to start a group at will.
Even if Meiko uses Braum, who is very capable in small-scale combat, he can't push forward - the combat power of his two brothers in the middle and jungle is too stretched to have any effect at all.
VG fans in the audience cheered loudly.
Seeing the enemy team being tortured and unable to successfully advance the middle line of troops, their hearts were filled with the joy of a good harvest!
Seeing that VG had no intention of retreating, Meiko would have nothing to do with them for a while, so she could only shout at her junior high school student, "Go back to the city directly, otherwise you will lose more if you delay!"
If you continue to wait, Scout, who can only use basic attacks to last hits, will lose more minions, and his economy will lag behind that of the Marquis.
It is impossible to find a perfect return node. In this case, the long-term pain is worse than the short-term pain. Only by asking the juniors to quickly return to the city to replenish mana can losses be minimized.
Scout also knows that if the delay continues and the center lane continues to fall, it will have an extremely negative impact on the entire EDG team.
He could only suffer the consequences.
Gu Xing was overjoyed when he saw Victor going to the tower to read a message to return to the city.
Together with Hou Ye, he pushed the middle line of troops through, and he did not forget to communicate with his teammates.
"Brother Duan, can you still hold on in the bottom lane? If possible, I want to go to the upper half on the opposite side again!"
If he goes to counterattack later, the second half will have to be handed over to the factory director.
Imp and Xiao Duan will definitely be under a lot of pressure.
Gu Shengbin wanted to prove today that he still has the ability to beat Deft, but Gu Xing has not come to the bottom lane to help at all until now!
It is unrealistic to say that I don’t feel aggrieved.
But Imp knows that winning is fundamental.
"Go on, go on..." He reassured Gu Xing, "We can handle it!"
After receiving the guarantee, Gu Xing returned to the city for his first supply.
I bought a green jungle knife, a long sword and straw sandals, and rushed to my three wolves.
Gu Xing remembered the refresh node of this group of wild monsters, and came over to eat them as soon as they were reset.
Counting it all together, he has farmed a total of 9 groups of wild monsters so far, and he also has a wave of soldier experience in the middle, successfully allowing him to reach level 5.
Filling up his shotgun ammunition, he crossed the upper river via his own upper jungle area, and then plunged into the top half of EDG!
"Virtue has invaded again," Miller became excited. "Sure enough, as long as he reverses the wild monster once, he will firmly control the reset point of the next group of wild monsters. The factory director will probably never watch this game again. It’s time to visit our own Demon Swamp Frog and Three Wolves!”
The last time Gu Xing counterattacked, he defeated the three wolves and then took his own blue BUFF. Then he entered the upper half of EDG and counterattacked the opponent's camp in the order of blue - magic swamp frog - three wolves.
There is no blue buff this time.
Therefore, when he arrived here according to the original route, EDG's Frog Concubine and Three Wolves had not yet refreshed.
But he won't just stand there and wait.
Gu Xing came to the empty Demon Swamp Frog camp and inserted a jewelry eye through the wall between the first and second towers on the EDG top road!
The next moment, the scarlet swirling light lit up!
The director switched the camera to VG Spring Water.
The Ice Girl, who just returned to the city after pushing another wave of troops, handed over the teleportation!
"VG's midfielder and jungler are linking up, getting ready to attack the top lane!" Wataba shouted loudly, "Mouse realized that something was wrong, but it was too late to retreat at this time!"
Mouse's big tree gameplay highlights its stability.
Moreover, Dashu's laning ability is not as good as Shen's, so he was beaten under the tower.
Now that VG is targeting him, Mouse just feels like he has no love in his life.
"The troops entered the tower, Brother Long's Shen took the first step, and E [Mystery! Shadow Binding] wanted to taunt the big tree..."
Mouse can use flash to dodge, but if he avoids the taunt, he will still be in danger since VG's midfielder and midfielder haven't resisted the tower yet.
He simply took the taunt, took the damage and let his own defense tower start bombarding.
"The Ice Girl's W [Ring of Frost] hits, and the male gun is loaded with smoke bombs to receive the basic attack!"
Gu Xing adjusted his angle and hit a Q against the wall.
The three of them joined forces and instantly reduced the tree's health by half!
"Mouse was shrouded in smoke bombs. He couldn't see the movements of the outside world, so he could only use W [Twisting Stab] to bind to Shen who was approaching..."
Before the baby finished speaking, he suddenly raised his voice and said, "Brother Long reacts so quickly!"
In the canyon, at the moment when the big tree tied him, Brother Long flashed and retreated outside the tower.
Due to the tracking effect of the twisted spike, he also brought the big tree to the outside!
Mouse left the range of the smoke bomb and saw the ice girl and the male gun appearing on his face. He knew that he was going to die, so he simply flashed away and saved it for later use.
Gu Xing reduced the big tree to residual health with one shot, and began to reload himself. He rarely asked for a head, "Can you give me the head?"
"Xiao Gu, that's what you said," Brother Long responded with a smile, "Which of us will follow whom? If you want to eat, I can give you the army line!"
The Marquis also had no objection.
The lineup they selected must be developed for Gu Xing and Imp.
Now that Gu Shengbin is not here, it is natural for Gu Xing to take the lead.
When the bullets were loaded, Gu Xing took away the big tree with one shot and retreated in style with a bounty of 400!
The VG fans in the venue were in high spirits and kept shouting!
The junior student frowned.
He didn't teleport, and Victor's own roaming ability was weak, so he could only stay in the middle and continue brushing.
"The factory director tried every means to counterattack..."
Clearlove habitually fires at the bottom lane.
But the VG duo are also very bad guys.
Seeing the Marquis running to the upper road to support them, they went to the middle road to make up the line.
Compared with the isolated bottom lane, there are many escape routes in the middle tower, which also makes it easier for teammates to come to help.
"Imp's life is not in danger, but the health of the bottom defense tower will be reduced a lot by Deft!"
Gu Xing collected all the Demon Swamp Frogs and Three Wolves in the Ueno area of EDG and returned to his own camp to continue their development.
The factory director had nothing else to do, so he collected a water dragon and pinched the bridge of his nose to try to stay awake on the way back to the city.
He knew very well that if this continued, the jungle would rot.
On the surface, Gu Xing used his lower jungle area to replace EDG's upper jungle area.
But every time he changed to the wild area, Gu Xing would eat the three wolves who were the first to refresh in the VG camp.
If the factory director eats one less group each time, and Gu Xing eats one more group, the profit of the two camps is close to 200 gold coins.
Not to mention a lot of experience!
In the professional arena where the number of kills is relatively small, each group of camps in the early jungle will widen the gap between junglers!
The factory director knew this very well.
The lineup chosen by EDG has offensive pressure.
Imp's current development is indeed average, but the key is that he has never died. Compared with Deft, the experience equipment is slightly behind, but it is completely acceptable.
If it drags on, they won't be able to withstand it until VG's dual shooters take shape.
"Let's do this..." The factory director was thinking carefully and told his teammates about the plan.
In the blink of an eye, the game lasted 7 minutes.
In the past two minutes, no conflict broke out in the canyon.
All ten players on both sides are developing steadily.
Gu Xing has successfully reached level 6.
The never-ending counter-jungling and first-blood economy made him take out the Caulfield Warhammer when he returned to the city.
"The little boy finished cleaning up the minions, returned to the city to upgrade the Hextech core, and returned to the line to continue developing..."
At 7 minutes and 8 seconds, a wave of artillery troops came to the center of the middle road.
The Marquis wanted to finish pushing the army line quickly and then go to the side lanes.
Since the middle lane is 10 seconds faster than the top and bottom lanes, if he clears the lane fast enough, the EDG player may not have finished eating the artillery troops when he reaches the sideline, giving him a chance to catch someone.
The purpose of Scout is also very clear.
I chose Victor who is inconvenient to roam around, so don't even think about running around!
He had just listened to the factory director's plan, and now he was executing it very seriously.
"After Victor evolved E [Death Ray], his ability to clear the lane was pretty good. Marquis's Ice Lady didn't take much advantage, so Virtue decided to come to the middle to help push the lane!"
The factory director's eyes lit up, he was the one he was waiting for!
The entire plan previously formulated revolved around the middle line of troops.
The appearance of Gu Xing made the factory director decide to take action!
"Prepare TP!" He shouted in his voice, asking the big tree on the road to join the battle.
Mouse has already adjusted his position and is ready to go.
"Clearlove reaches the middle, E [Dig Tunnel] moves forward, flashes up Virtue!"
The [Insight] talent gives the summoner a 15% skill reduction, so that the flash he handed over previously has improved now.
Wawa was in disbelief, "Does the factory director still want to take action like this? Brother Long's Shen has a big move!"
The auditorium was noisy and chaotic, with all kinds of sounds intertwined together, making it difficult to hear clearly.
The primary school boy's gravity field was placed at Gu Xing's feet, and R [Chaos Storm] was given to supplement the damage!
The output of Victor + Rek'Sai instantly reduced the male gun's health volume by a large amount!
Miller saw the rate of decline of Graves' health bar and reacted instantly, "The male gun doesn't have any manly layers. This opportunity was seized by EDG!"
After Gu Xing finished slaying the wild monsters in the middle, the pure men had disappeared, and his frankness was quite average.
"Shen, who is far away on the road, uses his ultimate move to protect Virtue!"
At the same time, Mouse's big tree also handed over teleportation!
"EDG seems to want to fight to the end. The problem is that Shen only takes 3 seconds to land, which is faster than the big tree. How are they going to delay these 1.5 seconds?!"
Seeing that neither the junior brother nor the factory director had any intention of leaving, Wawa yelled without knowing why.
The director suddenly cut to the lower river channel.
Two supports, Tam and Bron, are racing in the game!
However, EDG has the lane control in the bottom lane. Meiko roams first and is still faster.
When switching back to the middle, the battlefield has entered a white-hot stage.
Shen's shield is very thick, and EDG's midfielder and jungler are the kind of characters with high bursts. A set of damage can't kill Gu Xing instantly, and the rest of the output has to be made up by basic attacks.
The Marquis didn't do anything, W [Ring of Frost] first immobilized Rek'Sai, Q ice fragments came out of the body, and then followed up with R [Ice Tomb] to immobilize him in place!
Gu Xing fell from the air, quickly turned E and drew his gun and retreated.
Victor's gravity field took effect for 1.5 seconds, and he pulled back at the moment before falling into dizziness.
Xiao Duan was not on the battlefield, so Gu Xing raised his voice and tried to command his teammates, "Don't be afraid, kill Reksai first, we can fight!"
He turned back to Q [End of the Road] to connect with the basic attack, and waited for the factory director to escape from the frozen mausoleum, then connected with Smoke Bomb to draw A.
Despite being punished by the factory director's challenge, a set of skills reduced Reksai to less than half health!
The slow speed of the smoke bomb allowed the gunpowder bullet at the end of the second stage to rebound and hit successfully. Gu Xing took advantage of the gap in reloading to still pull back.
"Shen landed first, E taunted and went straight to Rek'Sai!"
At this moment, Meiko rushed to the battlefield first.
Flash forward and receive W [Stand Up], and come to the factory director holding the security door!
"The crucial delay!" Miller spoke very quickly, "Mouse's big tree is about to fall to the ground!"
When Dashu arrived at the battlefield, Xiao Duan also rushed over.
Seeing Mouse activate R [Vengeance Vortex] to stand in the front to resist damage, he quickly used Q [Giant Tongue Whip] to slow it down. With W in his hand, he would eat the teammate whoever the big tree tied up.
"The two sides have now become a damage-dealing competition between Victor and the male gunner. It depends on whose front row can withstand it..."
Both sides have very high frankness. Dashu and Braum are quite strong against Shen and Tahm.
The two shooters EZ and Han Bing are still facing each other in the bottom lane, seemingly uncontested.
Deft was finishing up a melee soldier and suddenly it was upgraded to level 6!
He bent down and drew his bow, shooting R [precise barrage] towards the middle!
The golden crescent moon shot out, followed the director's lens and cut into the battlefield, hitting Lord Marquis and Brother Long!
"This has been planned by EDG a long time ago!" Wawa figured it all out and suddenly shouted, "They know that Deft has the lead in experience. In this wave of battles, they will be the first to reach level six and they will have one more big move! ”
To be fair, EZ's ultimate move is not easy to hit from a long distance, after all, the opponent will move.
But this team fight is different.
The front row of both sides is very solid and does not fall back easily.
The formation is fixed, allowing Ezreal's ultimate move to be used!
"The Marquis has no health left, he must retreat quickly..."
Gu Xing noticed that EDG was rushing forward as a team, and immediately reminded his teammates in the voice, "Look at me, look at me!"
He knew the opportunity was too good to miss, and without waiting for his teammates to give him feedback, he immediately threw out the Q [End of the Road] that had just finished cooling down.
The moment he raised his hand, golden light flashed!
Gu Xing used his flash to move sideways and forward, and after adjusting his angle, he was now directly above the narrow wall in the middle.
Between him and the narrow wall is the EDG formation!
The opponent thought the victory was determined and chose the shortest path when pursuing.
But this is exactly the perfect opportunity for Gu Xing!
The gunpowder bullet left the barrel, passed through the bodies of the three enemies, hit the narrow wall and rebounded quickly!
The Q flash of the male gun is extremely fast, giving the opponent no time to react and dodge!
Then R [ultimate bomb] bombed out and exploded in the middle of the EDG formation!
Although the game only lasted 7 minutes, the well-developed male gun can still cause considerable damage through the two skills of QR!
Meiko's security door has already started to cool down, and she can only watch the male gunner set off fireworks for his own formation!
Although the three people affected were in the big tree's R [Revenge Vortex], they were still blasted through their bodies by the explosion output!
In just a short moment, the cheers of VG fans in the audience swelled to the top!
"Oh my God!" The doll screamed at the commentary desk, "Virtue is doing full damage in this area!"
After a wave of QR, Gu Xing hit an output of more than 1,000 points.
This is a fatal blow in early team battles!
The Factory Director's Rek'Sai originally didn't have much health, but was sent back to the spring by a set of damage.
The little boy's blood volume is only a fraction left!
In an instant, the situation on the battlefield reversed!
Mouse also wanted to use W [Twisting Thrust] to tie up Gu Xing and provide his teammates with space to retreat and escape.
But when Xiao Duan heard what Gu Xing said, he kept staring at his jungler. When he saw the big tree coming forward, he immediately swallowed it up with W [Feast]!
Gu Xing jumped out of Tam's mouth, harvesting the opponent's health bar with the shotgun in his hand!
"VG decisively followed Virtue to counterattack, EDG was about to be defeated!" With Miller's shouts, VG counterattacked ferociously, instantly swamping the surviving EDG people!
(End of chapter)