Chapter 275 Cultural Hegemony
But both local nobles and localized Franks are extremely rare in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
The local aristocrats would still be suppressed by foreign aristocratic factions like Guy, while the localized Franks were a separate community that might be connected to other Frankish communities, but in fact they were not close.
Whether they are local nobles or localized Franks, many of them live in cities such as Jerusalem, Nablus, and Tiberias.
And what about coastal ports like Acre, Tire, Tripoli, and so on?
Genoa assisted the Kingdom of Jerusalem in conquering Acre in 1104, and then obtained one-third of Acre's ownership.
In 1124, Venice assisted the Kingdom of Jerusalem in capturing Tire, and then also obtained one-third of the Tire territory.
About a quarter of the land near the city of Tripoli was also given to the Genoese as payment for military aid.
It can be said that the success of the Crusader countries in the Levant was inseparable from the support of Italian city-states. The Italians provided troops, finance, markets, and commodities.
What the Kingdom of Jerusalem gave them in return was privileges and land.
"The significance of running a newspaper is not to make money, but to make the citizens of the Kingdom of Jerusalem realize that the success or failure of the country is related to them personally."
"Whether they are Saracens, local Franks, or distant Antiochians, what we need is for them to understand what a country is through the medium of newspapers, so that they realize that the Kingdom of Jerusalem is different ”
"We only collect 30% tax in rural areas. This is a good policy of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This kind of thing needs to be publicized and all farmers need to know that it is because of the existence of the country of Jerusalem that they can enjoy such low taxes. If the country did not If they do, they will be preyed upon by the surrounding feudal lords.”
"We have set up factories and provided jobs for people in cities and farmers in villages, allowing them to work harder, earn more money than before, and live a prosperous life."
"The goods produced in our factories are not only of better quality but also cheaper. This is also the advantage of our country, and these need to be promoted through newspapers."
Because he was in a good mood, Aljos couldn't help but speak a lot of truth.
The economic base determines the superstructure, and the superstructure reacts on the economic base. The dialectical unity of the two constitutes the social form.
This idea was originally proposed by Karl and Friedrich and elaborated in their works, especially in The German Ideology and Preface to the Critique of Political Economy.
According to this theory, XX doctrine will inevitably lead to the XX revolution, and it will inevitably break out in industrialized Europe first.
Due to the nature of the XXist mode of production, a cultural and political superstructure corresponding to XX will be produced in this process.
Despite Karl's prediction, a hundred years later, workers still failed to achieve this task.
Gramsci, who was born in 1891, believed that the lower structure "restricts" rather than "determines" the upper structure.
A country and a society require a coercive political system and the power of a hegemonic culture to be maintained.
In other words, the factors that restrict a medieval country from becoming a modern or modern country are not just the progress of certain indicators such as steel production, but also include ideas and culture.
As an organization that started out as a religion, Garris is naturally not a pure industrial party. On the contrary, he attaches great importance to breaking the self-limitations in people's minds.
Arthos also benefited a lot from it.
On the other hand, Garris now needs to use its organizational characteristics to establish a new "cultural hegemony" and thus build a new social system.
In this process: cultural production in the fields of media, religion, education, literature, art, etc. are all necessary means.
Guide the voluntary identification of social members and emphasize invisible "cultural consent" rather than forced indoctrination.
"The relationship of personal dependence under feudal society formed the social situation. The serfs were attached to the knights who owned the manor, the knights were attached to the small lords, the small lords were attached to the big lords, and the big lords were loyal to the monarch. Therefore, the monarch is the head of the country and the country. A symbol of unity.”
"There is nothing wrong with this logic, but it also means that people in society are loyal to people, not to countries. In Europe, people will say that they are from a certain territory, but not that they are from a certain country. This is This situation objectively separates a country’s cognition, but this is what we are opposed to.”
"We are creating a new country based on the original Kingdom of Jerusalem. The success or failure of this country's policies and honor are closely related to everyone in the country."
"When we formulated the electoral system before, in addition to requiring voters to be taxpayers, we also required voters to be able to silently write a pledge to stand for election, which means that we required voters to have a high level of literacy."
"As for literacy, Isabella, you should know that the literacy rate in the Kingdom of Jerusalem is actually not low because of the ubiquity of imams and kuntabu in the Muslim community. And locals like you, Kafi The transformed Franks, influenced by the local Muslims, will also consciously learn knowledge. ”
Hearing this, both Kafei and Isabella nodded. Isabella also said: "There is actually a school in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Brother Wang and I both received education there."
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While both European nobles and ordinary Franks were known for their high culture, lawyers and clerks were numerous in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the study of law, history, and other subjects was a favorite pastime of both the royal family and the nobility.
"With a good cultural foundation, the form of newspaper will be effective."
“Right now, we have initially established the framework of the postal department. With the help of regular ships and newspapers printed in Tyre, we can reach Tripoli in one day, Latakia in two days, and even the city of Antioch only takes It takes four days.”
"The "Holy Land Weekly" is published once a week, with one copy in simplified Latin, one in Arabic, and one in Greek. It is delivered to various towns and villages through the postal system under the Ministry of Commerce, informing the vast majority of the people in the country. What happened in the past week made them realize that the country is closely related to them. ”
"This is a huge expense, but it is very necessary, and I suggest that newspapers like the Holy Land Weekly be subsidized. Any village that is loyal to the kingdom should get a free Holy Land Weekly."
By manipulating culture and ideology, society's values are shaped so that it recognizes and obeys the legitimacy of the current system.
The significance of this is to create a brand new country.
It can be said that it is a country and its citizens, rather than a monarch and its subjects.
After the disastrous defeat in 1806, Prussian Prime Minister Karl Stein began to implement reforms. His measures included: allowing citizens to participate in politics to awaken their nationalist sentiments, freeing serfs, implementing local self-government, and reorganizing central government institutions.
Prussia gave the people on its land the status of citizens, allowed them to participate in politics, and lifted them from the situation of serfs as much as possible.
Coupled with the universal compulsory education in Prussia, the concept of the country was instilled in primary school classrooms, and nationalism also emerged due to these measures.
Nationalism is not a country, a nation, or a certain group. It can be shaped by unilateral efforts and dedication, and it depends on quite a few factors.
To be more straightforward and simple, that is: wolves need to eat meat.
If the existence of the country cannot bring glory and benefits to its citizens, then how can the citizens support the country from the bottom of their hearts?
On the one hand, it needs real benefits, and on the other hand, it also needs to truly spread the glory and inform everyone.
This is what newspapers are for.
Of course, in this process, some transitional things will also be born. After all, it is quite troublesome to let people recognize an abstract social cognitive entity.
Human beings and society have inertia.
The dead people living in people's minds still drive the living people to act according to the old order.
Garris can deflect it, but he can't build it like a castle in the air.
For the medieval people in the 12th century, the country was an illusory concept, and the word country was meaningless to the lower classes.
Serfs paid taxes and served the lord, and the lord was a specific individual, not an abstract concept.
From this, a transition, an alternative is needed.
This plan is actually called "Monarchy".
Historically, although royal power was born in feudal society, it was not exactly the same thing as feudal noble lords.
At least royal power symbolizes the center, and royal autocracy is also centralizing power.
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Even from the perspective of the development direction of royal power, efforts should be made to reduce the influence of noble lords, just like Louis XIV in the autocratic era.
Louis XIV weakened the power of the nobles by making them members of his court, removing them from their rights as local rulers, and he built the Palace of Versailles for this purpose.
The rules of the court forced the nobles to pay huge sums for their clothing, and they had to stay in the palace from morning to night to attend balls, banquets, and other celebrations.
According to historian Philippe Mansell, the Sun King Louis XIV turned his court into: a marriage market, a job agency and a center of entertainment irresistible to almost all nobles, with some of the best drama in Europe at Versailles , opera, music, gambling, sex and hunting.
Louis XIV established a special censorship system that would check the letters of nobles. He forced and bribed traditional military nobles to make them his ceremonial courtiers, thus keeping them away from their fiefs and armies and weakening their influence.
Then Louis XIV used bureaucrats, nobles and those promoted from the common people to hold various positions to consolidate the royal power.
When Louis XIV said the words "I am the country," he believed that he was the symbol of the French national will.
It can be said that the autocratic monarchy itself is in the same pot as the local feudal nobles.
Of course, Gareth did not intend to create an autocratic monarchy in the style of the Sun King.
Gareth took another path.
This path is called: For the sake of the country, ask the king to act as an idol!
Don't talk about being against idols. No matter how much he doesn't like personality worship, Gareth is a de facto idol in religion.
Even now, he is still playing the role of human mascot in the south, holding various ceremonies to announce the success of regaining the lost land.
In Tire, Isabella also acted as a mascot, attending various events in Tire and Acre, two important cities in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Even though Isabella has not yet been crowned, she has more frequent activities among the people and has enough contact with the citizens.
For many of the issues raised by citizen groups, Isabella will formulate relevant proposals after consideration and discussion, or provide assistance in her personal capacity.
Over time, many citizens of Tire began to only know Isabella and did not know that Sibylla was still on the throne.
In addition, Sibylla has been seriously ill for a long time these days and has not been active in public for a long time.
For the grassroots citizens, Isabella is about to become the uncrowned king.
Attack the lord's control over the people, make the monarch a symbol of the country, and centralize power in the form of a parliament.
This has become a situation that Gareth can nod and approve.
We conducted some discussions on the situation of newspapers, determined the significance and value of newspapers in terms of public opinion, and paved the way for certain things.
Everyone in the room also discussed the conditions of Balian and Sibylla.
When I mentioned Balian and Sibylla, Isabella's mood became obviously much lower, and there was a bitter taste in her mouth.
No matter how many conflicts there have been between Sibylla and Isabella, they are now her few blood relatives and her last sister.
As for Balian, although he is not her biological father, he also filled the gap in her childhood.
This is the case in this era. Regardless of whether they are nobles or commoners, those who live long are still in the minority.
It can be said that at the end of everyone's life, death is waiting for them equally.
Everything taken from the earth will eventually return to the earth.
That unstoppable fate is approaching. Even Isabella can only pray that after everything ends, she can reunite with Balian and Sibylla in heaven.
However, at this moment, Isabella in the room suddenly felt extremely nauseous for no reason and wanted to vomit.
The maid on the side quickly helped her leave the room.
After Isabella left, Aljos thoughtfully called to the little girl aside with a smile.
"Beatrice."
"What's wrong?"
After hesitating for a while, Archos said: "Forget it..."
He was actually not sure in his heart, and if it was what he thought, this matter was not suitable for spreading to the outside world.
All we can say is that another variable may appear.
(End of chapter)