Chapter 788 Thunder, rain and dew are all your kindness
The memorials of Wang Guangguang and Zhang Xueyan, ministers of the Ministry of Household Affairs, discussed in detail the reasons why collective farms such as the Yingzhuang Method failed.
There were many similar collective farms in history, such as the farming system during the Han Dynasty.
Farming is the use of soldiers and the recruitment of landless refugees for collective production. It was first established by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions. Later, Cao Cao established farming in Xuchang, strengthened the troops and provided enough food, and established farming officials.
Until the end of Cao Wei, Sima Yan, the three horses in the same trough, announced the abolition of farming and dismissed all farming officials.
The Han dynasty, Tang Zhe Chongfu, and Ming dynasty military garrison were all similar to recruiting landless farmers for collective production, but the final results were unable to stabilize.
The Ministry of Household Affairs summarized past attempts at agricultural collectivization, and the final answer was that collectivized agricultural production was inevitable, and the disintegration of collectivized agricultural production was also inevitable.
Family-style agricultural operations cannot afford the huge labor investment in public infrastructure such as land reclamation, dam construction, irrigation and water conservancy, roads and bridges, so collective agricultural production has become a necessity.
This is to stay together as a team, and only by uniting closely can we complete these tasks.
For example, Suiyuan and Liaodong now have the characteristics of agricultural collectivization production to varying degrees.
When large-scale infrastructure construction continues to be completed, collective production will fall into the dilemma of five large tile-roofed houses. The five large tile-roofed houses have been built, and it is time to distribute benefits. You want to live in a house, and I don’t want to live in it either. Partial room.
At this time, conflicts surrounding distribution continued to appear.
Just as the three leaders worried, some lazy gangsters who like to form cliques and idle around all day when they are not engaged in production will gather together to embezzle public interests. They have to eat without working. Not only do they have to eat, We also need to rely on the lawlessness and ferocity of the small gang to eat more, take more, and occupy more.
The problem of unfair distribution will become more and more serious over time. Eventually, concentrated agricultural production will inevitably become the private land of field officials, Zhechong soldiers, and military garrison captains.
Since the Hongwu period, except for the border areas, the Ming Dynasty military garrison system has begun to collapse. Only in the border areas, where there are still strong military threats and military tasks, can this agricultural collective production system be stable. run.
The group of small farmers does not support collective production, because the biggest wish of most small farmers is for farmers to have their own land, and collective production may harm their interests.
After all, the construction of these public infrastructures requires a large amount of money, and daily maintenance also requires a large amount of money, and these expenditures need to be paid from the camp's income.
On the other hand, agricultural production has its own natural limitations. The output is limited, the growth is limited and very slow, and there is not enough increment for distribution. After all, it is a dojo inside the shell of a snail, and all the hard work is in vain.
The Ministry of Household Affairs believes that the disintegration of the farming method is inevitable, just like the centralized agricultural production explored and tried in the past.
The overseas plantations of the Ming Dynasty are different. These plantations are also a kind of concentrated agricultural production, but the plantations dominated by slavery do not need to think too much about downward distribution. There are no various contradictions surrounding distribution. Naturally, can thrive.
Regarding the problem of lazy locals who are closely concerned by the people, the Ministry of Household Affairs gave the opinion that they should be sent to the Yuanxu Islands to reclaim wasteland.
The reason why lazy ruffians can be lazy and idle is that they have a lazy environment and can form gangs to bully kind people.
In a pioneering land like the Yuanxu Islands, you can't be lazy even if you want to. In a pioneering land, forming gangs is conducive to the stability of the pioneering land.
It is true that the problem cannot be cured, but it can alleviate the contradiction. You only need to rectify a part of it to scare the monkeys, and the rest will stabilize.
Starting from the three counties of Ningdu, Ruijin, and Ninghua, since there is a riot, these places are the easiest places for the court to extend its hands, and they are also the best time to extend their hands.
Wang Guoguang reminded His Majesty that even the compromised camp law would still encounter resistance during its implementation. There were academies all over Jiangxi. It was conceivable what kind of commotion these students and former officials would cause.
When necessary, the court should use some unconventional means to ensure the implementation of decrees.
The Ministry of Punishment's methods of reducing the judicial privileges of the gentry were much more cruel.
The Ministry of Punishment directly reduced the judicial and tax privileges of all intellectuals and civil servants, and even imposed stricter restrictions, requiring the rural gentry and gentry to abide by the Ming Law. Those who violated the Ming Law would have their crimes increased to three levels.
The purpose of increasing the punishment is to eliminate the gentry class in a targeted manner.
There are two reasons why the Ministry of Punishment does this. One is that any correction must be excessive. If it is not correct, it cannot be corrected;
Another reason is to partially replace the gentry class with the craftsman class and become the local ruling class.
Wang Chonggu himself was a member of the Labor Party. He realized that the craftsman class could replace the virtuous and gentry class in the old countryside in all aspects, especially the emergence of the third-level craftsman school.
In March, a group of craftsmen were released from government factories. After these craftsmen returned to their hometowns, they built papermaking, brick kilns, coal kilns, blacksmith shops, silk reeling mills, hemp mills, chicken farms, pens, etc. in the countryside.
Moreover, craftsmen from all over the country will go to large fairs regularly to meet each other and chat about the situation. If you have bricks and I have tiles, we can strengthen each other.
A new rural economy is steadily taking shape.
Craftsmen can take the villagers to build rural workshops together.
There was even an iron foundry in Liugou Camp on the banks of the Qingshui River in Yanqing Prefecture. There were more than 20 craftsmen who specialized in producing various iron castings for the official factory. It was considered that Liugou Camp made a living.
In order to transport these parts, the iron foundry chose to build roads, and Liugouying itself was very close to Chidao.
The new Ming Dynasty economy, with Chidao as the main artery, official roads and post roads as branch arteries, and rural roads as capillaries, is taking shape in places with Chidao.
Wang Chonggu is really ruthless in order to benefit the Labor Party.
"The cabinet will discuss it in detail in the next chapter. Sir, you have not posted a floating vote." Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Chonggu's memorial in front of him and chose to send it to the cabinet for further discussion.
Wang Chonggu's memorial did not have a cabinet vote, which means that Wang Chonggu violated the memorial submission process and submitted it himself.
Obviously, Wang Chonggu did not get the approval of the cabinet.
"How is my dodo doing?" Zhu Yijun asked about the overseas invasive species, the dodo.
Feng Bao said helplessly: "The dodo is a bit stupid, a bit like the silly roe deer in Liaodong. It is curious about everything. A few of them died and have been transferred to the Xiecu Hospital for autopsy."
"It only lays one egg at a time, which is a bit slow to hatch. It will take time to breed it on a large scale."
"But the dodo's down can produce more than one pound a year, which is about twice that of the goose."
The larger dodo has an advantage in the amount of down, and it is not picky about food and will eat anything. The advantage in down amount is a commodity advantage, and it has the value of large-scale breeding.
Like geese and ducks, dodos lay one egg at a time. What Feng Bao means is that there are too few dodos now, and the expansion of the species is a bit slow. It will take at least a few years to breed on a large scale and form an industry.
"Your Majesty, this is a jacket made of dodo bird down. Its thermal insulation ability is as good as goose down." Feng Bao asked Xiaohuangmen to bring a jacket and presented it to the emperor.
Down has the strongest thermal insulation ability. That is to say, boiling water only dropped by 3 degrees within half an hour under the insulation of dodo down, which passed the insulation test.
Daming is developing thermal insulation quilts with high-end fabrics and fillings mainly made of velvet to increase profits in the agriculture and animal husbandry industry.
This process is very difficult, but once it is completed, it will be a top luxury product that is not inferior to silk, and will have the profits that top luxury goods should have.
Sanniangzi came to the capital this time to send wool, and she also gave the emperor a cashmere sweater. It felt extremely delicate and was made of 100% white cashmere.
The goat is Hetao goat, and this kind of cashmere is also the top quality cashmere in the world.
Cashmere is collected using a comb with extremely dense teeth. The cashmere is collected layer by layer. An adult goat only produces one to half a pound of cashmere in a year.
The most difficult part of this process is to separate the velvet from the wool and increase the purity and content of the velvet. The higher the velvet content, the better the thermal insulation effect and the more delicate the hand feel.
The third lady gave gifts to the emperor in the hope that his majesty would praise them. In this way, the emperor would agree after using them, which would open up sales and promote the development of craftsmanship.
The grassland has benefited a lot from the process of transformation. In the past, if the wool was not refined, the smell of felt would be too strong and worthless.
Now, due to the rapid development of the woolen industry, the economic value of raising one sheep on the grassland is equal to two in the past.
The people of the grasslands owe His Majesty the kindness of being born and surviving.
Zhu Yijun looked at the extremely exquisite jacket in front of him and said with a smile: "This is very good. I asked Xu Jue to bring it to Mr. Xu when he goes to the Quanchu Guild Hall."
"I obey the order." Feng Bao obeyed the leader's order.
Feng Bao sent Xu Jue to the Quanchu Guild Hall and handed the Dodo velvet jacket to Zhang Juzheng, but Xu Jue did not leave because the purpose of Xu Jue's visit was to discuss matters in Wenchang Pavilion.
The Wenchang Pavilion of the Quanchu Guild Hall was Zhang Juzheng's study. When some important matters required small meetings, this place became a meeting hall.
After the ministers reached a basic consensus in private, they would go to the Wenhua Hall and have a final outcome in front of the emperor.
In the past, Wan Shihe would attend such small gatherings on behalf of the emperor. Now Shen Li can take on this responsibility, but this time Shen Li also had to quarrel, so Xu Jue had to come over to be a witness.
When Xu Jue arrived, Wang Chonggu, who came to the 'Kick Hall', had not arrived yet, but Shen Li and Wang Guoguang had already arrived.
Soon, Wang Chonggu brought Wang Daokun, Minister of the Ministry of Industry, and Zeng Shengwu, Minister of the Ministry of War, to the Quanchu Guild Hall. Apparently the three of them had reached a consensus.
The Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Rites, and the Ministry of Household Affairs opposed Wang Chonggu’s complete cancellation of the preferential treatment of Jin gentry;
The Ministry of Punishment, the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Industry agreed that Wang Chonggu had gone too far. As soon as Wang Chonggu arrived, the atmosphere immediately became tense.
"Wang Cifu has such a big battle. When he came to my place, he was very aggressive and full of anger." Zhang Juzheng motioned for the three of them to sit down and said with a smile.
Wang Chonggu waved his sleeves and said aggressively: "Yuanfu, I have done the things your Majesty has asked me to do. I have drafted the memorial. I have memorized the infamy. Hasn't Yuanfu always boasted of being loyal to the end of his life and knowing what to do?" Why, if you still have one breath left, do you have the unremitting ambition to revive the Ming Dynasty? ”
"Why, are you scared now?"
"It's me who gets scolded, not you Zhang Juzheng, why are you trying to stop me!"
Wang Chonggu launched a general attack on the rural gentry and gentry, which Zhang Juzheng should be happy to see, but Zhang Juzheng disagreed and just refused to write floating votes.
This led to the scene where he came to kick the gym today.
"Don't ask too hastily." Zhang Juzheng replied immediately.
Wang Chonggu said angrily: "Hmph! I think you are afraid that I, Wang Chonggu, will steal your power of reform! You are so powerful, just use your methods to drive me away and take the credit!"
"Isn't Wang Cifu talking angrily?" Zhang Juzheng was a little helpless. Wang Chonggu became more unreasonable and impatient as he got older. "The Yuan Fu calms down, and the Second Fu also calms down. Peace is the most important thing in all things. Besides, it is useless for the country to have such a quarrel between one Yuan Fu and the Second Fu. Everyone is doing it for the good of the country. Let me say a few words. ." Shen Li reconciled with a smile.
After following Wan Shihe for so many years, Shen Li didn't learn much about anything else, but he learned everything about this scene.
And this is where the trouble lies. Are you doing it for the good of the country? Am I not doing it for the good of the country?
You, Zhang Juzheng, are the only ones who are noble, and you, Zhang Juzheng, are the only ones who have the world in mind? Are you, Zhang Juzheng, the only loyal, good, and capable minister? They are all doing things for His Majesty, and they are all for the sake of the world. Why should I listen to you!
This is the most troublesome. If someone cares about personal gain, it would be much simpler.
Shen Li sat up straight and said with a serious face: "First of all, I must emphasize the current situation. The rural gentry, which is similar to officials but different from officials, similar to the people but above the people, has actually become the key to the development of productive forces. Resistance, resistance to changes in production relations.”
"If you want to go too far, you must go too far. You must completely replace the rural gentry and gentry with craftsmen. But Cifu, there are really so many craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty, and these craftsmen are really willing to return to their hometowns to replace the rural gentry and gentry." ”
"Isn't it a little too eager to get things done by shouting and killing the virtuous and gentry in such a hurry?"
"Similarly, Yuan Fu directly and completely denied Wang Cifu's memorial. Isn't it a bit too cautious? I think Wang Cifu was eager for success, but he completely denied it. Isn't this issue a bit one-sided?"
"You two, discuss it carefully and come up with a practical solution. That is the most important thing."
The job of the Ministry of Rites is to ensure that there is struggle without breaking up and harmony without differences. This is the most important legacy Wan Shihe left to the Ministry of Rites.
Check out the 16-9 book bar and see the correct version!
Even if Wan Shihe left, Shen Li would not change. He would follow the traces and reach the other side. Wan Shihe would have a good death and receive the highest courtesy from His Majesty.
The craftsmen do not want to leave the official factory, because in the official factory, their children can enjoy a better education. For this reason, the craftsmen are not willing to return to their hometown.
Only a few craftsmen chose to return to their hometowns, and more craftsmen were still concentrated in places with concentrated industries, around the Xishan Coal Bureau and the Woolen Official Factory.
This is the main reason why Wang Cifu's memorial was opposed. There were not so many people.
"The craftsmen will definitely not be willing to return to the village. Most of the craftsmen who go back are also virtuous and gentry in the countryside." Zhang Juzheng took a deep breath and said: "Wang Cifu came from a powerful family and knew nothing about the life in the village. The craftsmen It is a bit unrealistic to replace the rural sages and gentry.”
"Indeed, no matter how you look at it, it looks wonderful to release the craftsmen back to their families and return them to their hometowns to start industries, but the craftsmen are unwilling to go back."
Zhang Juzheng was scolded by Wang Shizhen. He didn't even clean his muddy legs, so he went to the Wenhua Palace to criticize. Zhang Juzheng didn't live a moral life, and lived a philistine life.
Wang Chonggu's idea was very good, but it only revealed one key point, that is, most of the craftsmen, even if they could not stay in the official factories, could still work in private workshops.
The examples Wang Chonggu saw, such as the foundry in Liugouying, were indeed very successful, but the founder of that workshop had 4,700 hectares of land in his family.
"What do you mean I know nothing about village life! Scholars can be killed but not humiliated!" Wang Chonggu stood up suddenly and shouted angrily.
"Don't be impatient, be impatient." Shen Li quickly stood up to break up the fight. Even Zeng Xingwu and Wang Daokun, who were brought by Wang Chonggu, also pulled Wang Chonggu, the first and second assistants of the Ming Empire, into a fight. It was really What a big joke.
Luo Sigong stood beside Zhang Juzheng. The emperor's order was very clear. Whoever hurts Yuan Fu will be killed, no matter who it is.
Zhang Juzheng told Luo Sigong not to be nervous. He was younger and could still run away if he couldn't be beaten. Wang Chonggu was also a Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty and would not take action.
Face is still important.
Wang Chonggu was very angry!
As the second minister of the empire, Zhang Juzheng's words were all about Wang Chonggu being too politically naive. Wang Chonggu always worked at the Xishan Coal Bureau and the Woolen Official Factory. He prided himself on talking to the craftsmen about everything.
Zhang Juzheng's accusation is to deny all the contributions of Wang Chonggu since the Wanli Reform.
Zhang Juzheng waited for a while, and then he said, "In the village, life is very hard in the village."
"I don't dare to light lamps at home because lamp oil is very expensive. There are many baskets hanging in the house, and food and drink are put in them for fear of being eaten by rats."
"When children in the village see a snake, they don't hide immediately. Instead, after seeing it clearly, they try to catch it, because the doctor passing by will collect it. As for being bitten, it will die if it dies."
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"When it rains or snows, the roads are blocked. You can't get in or out. You can't buy anything. The most important thing is salt. You have to walk more than 40 miles to carry the salt back."
"I remember when I was a child, some village women in the village would catch toads, puncture the venom, squeeze out the poison, put it into a pot to boil, and treat their children. Then the children died. Very few survived. And few.”
"When I was six years old, my father had not yet passed the scholar examination, my family was poor, and my grandfather had offended the King of Liao. At that time, I was living in my old house in my hometown, and I saw with my own eyes the elders of my neighbors, crying and throwing away their small children. The child was pressed into the basin and drowned, because there was a drought that year and he could no longer feed him. ”
"When many children died, they were thrown on the slope of the back mountain. I forgot the original name of that slope, but later people called it the Dead Old Children's Slope."
"The local gangsters and lazy people in the village would even climb over the wall at night to go to other people's homes and rape, kill, and steal money. At that time, the mountains were full of bandits. If the bandits came down from the mountains to rob, there would be very few people left alive in the whole village."
"Human life is worthless. The poorer the place, the less valuable the life. The poorer the place, the more ignorant, more closed-minded, and the more people eat people."
"When I went to school, I felt that my studying was a sin against my parents. They didn't have much money to hand over to me. Every time I went to school to get money and food from my parents, I felt like I was burdening my parents."
"Many of the craftsmen in the official factories are refugees. They escaped because they couldn't survive. Do you think they will go back? Do they have any relatives if they are released to their relatives? Those relatives who want to eat them, really Is it a relative? ”
Wan Qianshang, Lian Yuanhou, and Zheng Sanwan, the three chief ministers, were not overjoyed when they heard the camp law. Instead, they thought it would be good to return the land, but there was really nothing they could do. They were also the first to talk about the issue of this lazy ruffian. Lazy ruffian , is the final result and manifestation of rural ignorance, isolation, and lawlessness.
"I've never heard of it." The veins on Wang Chonggu's forehead twitched, and he realized that some of his meat-eaters were wishful thinking. His family had been in business for generations and was very wealthy, so he really didn't understand these things.
"Of course, no one wants to uncover the scars and expose the bloody wounds to others." Zhang Juzheng sighed and said, "Me too."
In order to persuade Wang Chonggu, Zhang Juzheng revealed the scar of his poor background and showed it to Wang Chonggu.
Zhang Juzheng sat up straight and said: "Whether your Majesty is violent or vicious, it actually doesn't matter. As long as your Majesty keeps thinking about it in his heart and lets the poor coolies eat more food, then your Majesty is wise, even if he is a conqueror." It is also wise to fail to overcome the final difficulty.”
Zhang Juzheng’s words are indeed bold! Does it mean that His Majesty can be disloyal if he does not have all the people in his heart?
Zhang Juzheng dared to say this because he really believed in the emperor, because the emperor was better at farming than the ministers. Baoqisi was promoted to the Agricultural College, which was created by his majesty himself, and it has never been lost for fifteen years. enthusiasm.
Your Majesty, like Wu Zong, likes to raise some animals. The difference is that His Majesty pays more attention to poultry rather than wild beasts, mainly to increase the diversity of people's dining tables.
Your Majesty likes dodos, pigs, sheep and horses imported from overseas. Crop breeding is breeding, and poultry and livestock breeding is also breeding.
Zhang Juzheng narrowed his eyes and said: "It looks good to replace the rural gentry with craftsmen, but it is difficult to do. Therefore, I insist that the judicial and tax preferential treatment of some rural gentry should not be completely cancelled."
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"After all, Your Majesty and the court also need a scapegoat."
"Yuan Fu, wait a minute!" Wang Chonggu was shocked, stretched out his hand, and said in horror: "What do you think His Majesty needs?"
Zhang Juzheng looked at Wang Chonggu and said with certainty: "The scapegoat can't be your Majesty's fault."
"The fire in the hearts of the common people needs to be vented. These rural sages and gentry will cut it down to calm the public anger when necessary."
The ministers present took a breath!
Zhang Juzheng was so determined to prevent the cancellation of the preferential judicial tax treatment of rural gentry and gentry. This was actually his purpose! It was entirely to pave the way for the emperor's stable rule.
After Zhang Juzheng became the first assistant, his motivation for everything was to work towards this goal.
"Since the Wanli Restoration, things have changed with each passing day. Some people are very rich, and some people are still so poor. Human beings are not worried about the imbalance of power. The contradictions are becoming more and more complex."
"The Ming Dynasty is opposing the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming Dynasty is also tearing apart. Borrowing their heads can just bridge the contradiction."
"When conflicts get serious, kill some people. When the people see it, they are dead, which is considered a bad breath."
Zhang Juzheng continued: "I am opposed to the cancellation of judicial and tax preferential treatment for rural gentry and gentry, but I agree that Wang Cifu's crime will be increased to third level, and he will be given preferential treatment and bear responsibility. This is very reasonable."
"The stalls in the Taxation Court have been set up. It looks like they are conducting tax collection. Of course, they are actually conducting tax collection. However, these tax collection cavalry are His Majesty's eyes and ears. Wherever there is trouble, they can tell Your Majesty what happened. The three-phase confirmation is convenient for Your Majesty to make a judgment.”
If local officials can handle all the civil, military, imperial, tax, tax, and cavalry affairs, and turn the local area into a unified hall, so that no water can be poured in or leaked, they can immediately lead troops to put down the rebellion. This is no longer the scope for administrative power to correct mistakes.
You can say whatever you say on any occasion. Wenhua Palace and Wenyuan Pavilion are the official palaces of the country. These words cannot be said under any circumstances.
But in Wenchang Pavilion of the Quanchu Guild Hall, there was no problem. Zhang Juzheng made the reasons for his objections and his thoughts very clear.
Wang Chonggu thought about it again and again and said: "Yuanfu, we had a disagreement just now because of official matters. It's normal for us to have a few quarrels. They are both for His Majesty's service and for the rejuvenation of the country. Official matters must be official affairs. We have agreed. We can’t have personal grudges over official matters, right?”
"Yes, my voice was a little loud just now. Isn't it because I am old and have a hard-of-hearing?"
Is Zhang Juzheng vicious? Wang Chonggu thought otherwise, Zhang Juzheng was not ruthless, he was simply ruthless!
The ruthlessness that will not give up until the goal is achieved, the ruthlessness that will use any means to maintain the rule of the country.
The merits, demerits, honors and disgrace of Zhang Juzheng's life all rested on the emperor. After he left, His Majesty must not lose.
"No problem, no problem. So, let's do that. Instead of canceling the preferential treatment, how about just adding three grades for the crime?" Zhang Juzheng looked around and asked.
If you abide by the laws and make no mistakes, the rural gentry and the gentry will still be the rural virtuous, and they will still receive the treatment they deserve. But if you refuse to abide by the laws and cause trouble, you will be beheaded.
"Thunder, rain and dew are all for your kindness!" Wang Chonggu said immediately: "I have no objection."
Wang Chonggu has completely understood that Zhang Juzheng wants to use the narrative of kindness to completely stabilize the imperial power, and adopt the narrative of kindness to reshape the authority of the imperial power.
Although it is still unable to resist the inevitable trend of the Ming Dynasty's demise, it is enough. It is the ancestors' blessing that it can survive for decades or even hundreds of years of prosperity.
Just like people cannot live forever, dynasties cannot last forever.
"Beizhen Fusi Tax Inspection Institute has handed over Dongjiaominxiang Prison today. The first accounting prisoner, it is worth noting, is an accountant who graduated from the Institute of Science and Technology." Wang Guangguang said about the situation in Dongjiaominxiang Prison.
Wang Daokun, who was usually very silent, said with confusion: "Da Situ, didn't the Dongjiaominxiang Prison just have a plan? The Ministry of Works has not yet issued the drawings, and there are criminals here?"
"A little too fast."
"Mr. Accounting Clerk of the Ministry of Accounts, let's deal with them casually first. Can we still let them escape?" Wang Guoguang said with a smile.
(End of chapter)