Chapter 487 Kinetic Strike! It doesn't take one drop of water, one atom to destroy the earth!
In the lecture hall of the University of Rome.
The imaginative questions raised by Li Qiwei completely aroused everyone's curiosity.
How can a drop of water destroy the earth?
Even if all the mass of this drop of water is converted into energy, it reaches an astonishing 100 tons of TNT equivalent.
But for the behemoth of the earth, it is still insignificant.
Therefore, the answer to the mass-energy equation is wrong!
Everyone fell into passionate thinking again.
From an energy perspective, it seems to be impossible.
Then we can only consider other angles.
At this time, someone suddenly stood up and said excitedly:
"Professor Bruce, I have an idea."
"You wrote in "Bugs" that the three-star civilization reduced atoms from three dimensions to two dimensions, thus wrapping the entire earth."
(Note: In the original work, protons were dimensionally reduced, but when the protagonist of this book was published, there was no concept of protons, so it was changed to atoms.)
"Then can this drop of water be reduced to two dimensions and wrap around the entire earth?"
Wow!
Everyone was shocked.
"Wow! What a great idea!"
"This is using Professor Bruce's sword to pierce Professor Bruce's shield."
"It's so fun!"
“It’s just that dimensionality reduction cannot be considered a physical method.”
"I have never heard a physicist say that the dimensions can be reduced."
"Oh, it's already science fiction, and you're still talking about physics with me."
This answer caused everyone to discuss excitedly.
Li Qiwei was also stunned when he heard this. He had never considered this idea himself.
However, he still said:
"The angle of this answer is really good."
"But after the three-star civilization reduced the dimensions of atoms, it was only monitoring the basic physics of the earth, rather than destroying the earth."
"In other words, a two-dimensional atom will not have a substantial impact on the three-dimensional macroscopic world."
"Not to mention destroying the earth."
"So, I think this answer is still wrong."
Why!
There was a sigh in the venue.
Ridgway's retort left them speechless.
Two-dimensional objects do not affect three dimensions.
Just like a villain on a plane, how can he jump out of the plane and attack humans in three dimensions?
So, this answer is obviously flawed as well.
At this time, Li Qiwei added:
"By the way, this question is originally an open question, and any answer is worthy of discussion."
"The answer I give is not necessarily the most correct one."
As soon as these words came out, everyone became even more excited.
It turns out that even Professor Bruce doesn't have the right answer.
Then if their answers are better than Professor Bruce's, wouldn't they be better than the other party?
Oh my God!
What a great honor it is to defeat Professor Bruce on an academic issue!
At this moment, everyone went crazy.
Immediately afterwards, another wise man came up with a wonderful idea:
"Can you spread this drop of water and wrap it around the entire earth to form a thin film of water molecules?"
"In this way, water is still a three-dimensional substance and can have an impact on the earth."
"And this film may reflect and refract sunlight, causing the earth's environment to mutate and lead to destruction."
Wow!
This is another mind-blowing answer.
Many people think it is like a fantasy.
A huge thin film of water that can wrap around the earth. What a vast landscape that is.
"It feels like God blew a bubble and enveloped the earth."
"If the density inside and outside the bubble is different, wouldn't it be used as a convex lens?"
"The resulting focus will probably ignite the entire surface of the earth instantly."
"That's crazy!"
Li Qiwei found it quite interesting.
This idea is somewhat similar to the later Dyson sphere.
But the Dyson sphere is countless times taller than this water film.
Because it wraps a star!
In 1960, Einstein's former assistant, American physicist Dyson, proposed a bold theory.
By designing a giant artificial structure to completely surround the star, all the heat emitted by the star can be used as energy.
From now on, humans will no longer be troubled by energy issues.
According to the current amount of energy consumed by humans, the energy released by the sun in one second can be used by humans for 660,000 years.
What an astonishing number.
Therefore, once the Dyson Sphere project is successful, the amount of energy it will obtain can be imagined.
It is enough to make a qualitative improvement in human civilization.
However, completing this plan is countless times more difficult than reaching the sky.
Just the problem of the material itself is daunting.
Now, spreading water molecules into a thin film may seem simpler than a Dyson sphere, but it is actually not simple at all.
Especially a drop of water is totally out of the question.
Before Li Qiwei could deny it, Pauli directly said:
"Impossible!"
"The diameter of the Earth is 6,300 kilometers. According to the surface area formula of a sphere S=4πR, the surface area of the Earth is 50 × 10 square meters."
"The volume of a drop of water is 5×10(-5) liters."
"After substituting into the calculation, the thickness of the film is 1×10 (-19) meters." (Who can tell me how to make the corner mark)
"But the diameter of an atom is only 1×10 (-10) meters."
"In other words, a drop of water cannot form a film of water that covers the entire earth."
"If a single-atom membrane is to be formed, the volume of this drop of water should be at least 50,000 liters."
hiss!
Pauli's calculation instantly shattered the membrane answer.
If there are 50,000 liters of water, what about a thin film? Direct mass-to-energy conversion, the energy is absolutely an astronomical figure.
A drop of water is too small compared to the earth.
Li Qiwei looked at Pauli with satisfaction.
"Yes, you are my perfect mouthpiece."
Everyone was not shocked by Pauli and continued to brainstorm.
At this moment, Femi was sitting in the front row, holding his chin with one hand and looking coldly.
This was his usual habit when he was deep in thought.
As the only person in Italy who had attended the Bruce Conference, Fermi was probably more well-known in the country than Vecchio, the president of the University of Rome.
At this moment, many people also focused their attention on him.
If there is any student who can answer this question, then Fermi is undoubtedly the most likely.
Fermi's idea was a little different.
"The energy of a drop of water itself is limited."
"If you want to generate enough power to destroy the earth, you must replenish energy from other places."
"There is only one kind of energy."
"That's kinetic energy!"
Femi's eyes flashed and he slowly stood up.
Uh-huh!
At this moment, everyone's eyes were focused on him.
"Feishen finally takes action!"
"This kind of problem is definitely a piece of cake for Physics Olympiad contestants."
"Thank you for taking the trouble, otherwise Professor Bruce would have thought that I had no one in Italy."
Croce and Vecchio looked at each other and smiled.
Fermi's popularity is much higher than those two old guys.
"Now is the time for young people!"
Under the eager attention of everyone, Fermi said:
"Professor Bruce, I also have an idea." "The discussion just now basically shows that the energy and properties of a drop of water are orders of magnitude different from those of the earth."
"So, I provide another way of thinking."
"According to the special theory of relativity, the mass of an object increases as its speed increases."
"When the speed of an object approaches the speed of light, its mass will even approach infinity."
"At this time, the kinetic energy of the object will also reach an extremely exaggerated level."
"Once it collides with the Earth, there will be an earth-shattering explosion."
"Based on special relativity calculations, I got the following data:"
"When the speed of a water droplet reaches 99% of the speed of light, its kinetic energy is 1.6×10 Joules, which is equivalent to 350 tons of TNT."
"When the speed of a water droplet reaches 99.99% of the speed of light, it is equivalent to 450,000 tons of TNT."
"When the water droplet speed reaches 99.9999% of the speed of light, it is equivalent to 4.5 million tons of TNT."
Please...you...Collect_6Ⅰ9ⅠBookⅠ(Six\\\Nine\\\Book\\\!)
"When the water droplet speed reaches 99.999999% of the speed of light, it is equivalent to 45 million tons of TNT." (The Power of the Tsar)
"When the water droplet speed reaches 99.9999999999% of the speed of light, it is equivalent to 4.5 billion tons of TNT." (Human Nuclear Warhead Reserve)
"When the water droplet speed reaches 99.999999999999999999% of the speed of light, it is equivalent to 450 trillion tons of TNT."
"."
boom!
At this moment, everyone was dumbfounded!
Under the influence of the special theory of relativity, the kinetic energy of a water droplet has increased beyond the limit of everyone's imagination.
450 trillion tons of TNT equivalent, what is that?
It should be more than enough to destroy the earth.
"Oh God! Kinetic strikes are too terrifying!"
"And it is simply incomprehensible. It is pure kinetic energy, and there is no way to even defend against it."
"Such a cool way, it seems that it was not mentioned in Professor Bruce's "Bugs"."
"I guess Professor Bruce thinks this method is a bit too rogue"
Everyone was stunned by Fermi's answer.
There is no doubt that this answer is definitely an answer.
Add 100 nines to it, and even the universe will be destroyed for you.
In later generations, the United States proposed a similar kinetic energy weapon called the Rod of God.
This is the so-called space-based weapon.
A metal rod made of tungsten, titanium, etc. is carried on the satellite.
This metal rod is then launched into space.
It uses the powerful kinetic energy gained from falling from the sky to hit the target and produce destructive force.
The United States claims that the stick of God is as powerful as a nuclear weapon!
Um.
Later, Huaxia directly tested one himself.
Well, the old American is indeed talking nonsense.
The so-called Rod of God is not much stronger than ordinary high explosives, and is far from a nuclear weapon.
It just has special advantages in some aspects.
After hearing Fermi's answer, Li Qiwei showed a helpless smile for the first time.
He deliberately deleted the so-called "light particle strike" in "Bugs".
It's just because he doesn't like such a crude and direct approach, which has no sense of science fiction beauty at all.
Total force works wonders!
Just like physicists studying microscopic particles, they constantly add kinetic energy.
But unfortunately, this is indeed an answer.
The equivalent of 450 trillion tons of TNT is equivalent to the energy generated by the collision between the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs and the Earth 6,500 years ago.
Although this energy level cannot destroy the earth.
But if you can't stand it, you can keep adding 9.
When there are 40 nines after the decimal point, it is equivalent to the energy released by the sun in one year.
When there are 90 nines after the decimal point, it is equivalent to the energy released by the annihilation of the Milky Way.
When there are 132 nines after the decimal point, it is equivalent to the energy released by the annihilation of the entire observable universe.
So, there is no need for a drop of water at all, just one atom is enough.
"Nine!"
At this moment, the atmosphere in the hall was pushed to its climax.
The power of special relativity is fully demonstrated.
Li Qiwei smiled and said:
"Although I personally don't like such a crude answer."
"But there is no way, I have to admit that Fermi's answer is right."
"Using the special theory of relativity, as long as the speed of a water droplet continues to increase, its kinetic energy will increase infinitely."
"In addition, I would like to mention that if you think of Fermi's answer as more complex, you have to consider the changes in water molecules."
"At such a high speed, it is impossible for water droplets to exist in the form of water molecules. I am afraid they will directly become hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms."
"Then, these atoms collide with Earth's atmosphere."
"This may be a very interesting calculation process."
Li Qiwei's answer caused a stir on the court.
Finally right!
Everyone's faces were filled with joy.
At the same time, they were also attracted by Professor Bruce's words.
Fermi's answer is a very ideal calculation.
The properties of the water drop itself are not taken into account.
Logically speaking, even steel would have already vaporized at such a high speed.
Not to mention water.
But according to the law of conservation of energy, even if the water droplets become scattered atoms, the energy of these atoms will not change.
Once it collides with the earth, it will definitely be transferred to the earth.
So, the result of the answer is no problem.
Fermi had little sense of pride.
In his opinion, this kind of question does not test the real physical research ability, but only the imagination ability.
To him, it was at most a small appetizer.
He believed that many people on the field had thought of it, but they were not as fast as him.
At this time, Fermi suddenly smiled and asked:
"Professor Bruce, we have just given so many answers."
"Why don't you announce your answer?"
Fermi's words were instantly recognized by everyone.
"Yes! Professor Bruce, please tell me your answer."
"I feel like there shouldn't be any other way besides Fermi's answer."
"How curious!"
"Professor Bruce's answer will definitely exceed our imagination."
"."
As everyone cheered in unison, Li Qiwei also felt that time was almost up.
So he waved his hand gently.
The venue instantly became quiet.
Everyone is waiting excitedly.
Li Qiwei said:
"Italy's contribution in the field of science is of vital importance."
"The great contribution of the sage Galileo to modern science cannot be overstated in any language."
"However, there is another scientist who is also worth learning from."
"He is Avogadro."
"My answer has something to do with him."
Wow!
Everyone was excited.
They didn't expect Professor Bruce to mention Avogadro.
At this moment, everyone was extremely curious.
(End of chapter)