Chapter 310 Three visits to the Maolu world, two dynasties to open up the hearts of veterans
Meng Tian said: "This Xu Shu is also a loyal and filial person. It is a pity that his mother was captured by Cao Cao. It is difficult to have both loyalty and filial piety. After Xu Shu arrives at Cao Ying, he will not do much for Cao Cao!"
Li Nian smiled and said: "According to historical records, Xu Shu should not have made any suggestions for Cao Cao after arriving at Cao Ying."
"In the second year of Taihe, when Prime Minister Zhuge led his army to the Northern Expedition, he heard that Xu Shu and Shi Tao were not very high in official positions. He once sighed: 'Wei Shu has too many scholars! How can they be useless?'"
"Shi Tao is also a friend of Prime Minister Zhuge. He once studied with Prime Minister Zhuge, Xu Shu, and Meng Jian. Prime Minister Zhuge once commented on the talents of the three of them: 'The three of you can become governors and governors.' The three asked Prime Minister Zhuge where they can go. The Prime Minister just smiled and said nothing."
Meng Tian smiled and said: "'Laughing but not speaking' is already telling them that your talents can govern a place for a big leader, but his talents can govern a country!"
Although Li Nian has not talked about the achievements of Prime Minister Zhuge, those titles and the admiration of later generations have proved that Prime Minister Zhuge is indeed talented.
Li Nian smiled and said: "Xu Shu's official position is not very high. It seems that he did not do his best for Cao Wei when he was in Cao Ying. Xu Shu's deeds have also been passed down to later generations. He has become a model of filial son and left a saying: 'Xu Shu entered Cao Ying - — A wordless remark. ”
"Let's talk about Prime Minister Zhuge. His surname is Zhuge, his given name is Liang, his courtesy name is Kongming, and he is from Yangdu, Langya."
"When he was eight years old, his father Zhuge Gui died of illness, so he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to Jingzhou. After Zhuge Xuan's death, Prime Minister Zhuge worked hard in Nanyang."
"At this time, Prime Minister Zhuge already had a reputation for talent, but not many people knew about him, and he did not attract the attention of the princes."
"Of course, even if it attracts the attention of other princes, it will be useless. The prime minister will not follow them."
Upon hearing this, the First Emperor asked: "Is it possible that Zhuge Kongming has already decided to follow Liu Bei?"
Li Nian smiled and said: "I can't say for sure, but I think the Prime Minister will not look down on other princes as a person. For example, although Wei Wu and Cao Cao are talented and resourceful, they are treacherous and cruel and murderous. Moreover, the Prime Minister has a great affection for the big man. How could the Prime Minister go out to assist Cao Cao? ”
"As for the other princes, they are no better than Cao Cao. Only Liu Bei, as a clan member of the Han Dynasty, also believes in benevolence and righteousness. Although he has been defeated many times, he can remain determined."
"If Liu Bei fails to meet the requirements of Prime Minister Zhuge as a lord, I think the Prime Minister may never leave the mountain in his lifetime."
Therefore, Emperor Zhaolie was the prime minister's natural choice and the only one. The prime minister was also the Zhaolie Emperor's natural choice and the only one. It was the harmony between the monarch and his ministers that made this historical legend possible.
Li Niandao said: "After getting Xu Shu's recommendation, Liu Bei made a special trip to visit the Prime Minister's residence. However, I don't know whether the Prime Minister was trying to test him or if something really happened. Liu Bei went there twice and never saw the Prime Minister."
"On the third time, they finally got to see the prime minister, but when they arrived, the prime minister was taking a nap, and Liu Bei did not disturb him. He stood outside the house until the prime minister woke up, and then he was invited inside to talk."< br>
The First Emperor smiled and said: "This should be Zhuge Kongming's intention to test Liu Bei. The king chooses his ministers, and the ministers also choose their king. Especially a great talent like Zhuge Kongming will definitely test whether Liu Bei is worthy of his assistance."
Li Niandao: "I also think so. Liu Bei visited three times and was still waiting outside for the prime minister to wake up. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei who were traveling with him were dissatisfied and thought that Liu had been humiliated. If some princes had already walked away, or The prime minister was forcibly captured, but Liu Bei not only ignored him, but also appeased Guan and Zhang. ”
At that time, the prime minister was not that famous, and even though Liu Bei was down and out, he was already the world-famous Emperor Liu. Being able to tolerate the prime minister generously was regarded as treating him extremely seriously.
"After the prime minister woke up, he invited Liu Bei to his thatched cottage, analyzed the general trend of the world with Liu Bei, and formulated development strategies for him. The conversation between the prime minister and Liu Bei was recorded and passed down to later generations, and it is called "Longzhong Dui":"
"Liang Gong cultivated Longmu, hoping to write "Liang Fu Yin". He was eight feet tall, and he was always compared to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, and no one at that time allowed him to do so. Only Cui Zhouping of Boling, Xu Shu of Yingchuan and Yuan Zhi were friendly to Liang. It’s said to be true…”
This was a text that had to be recited in full when I was in school. I didn’t have much deep feelings when I recited it, and just regarded it as a task to complete. Looking back now, it was the beginning of a historical legend.
"... Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were displeased. The First Lord explained it and said: 'There is a hole in a solitary place, just like a fish has water. I hope you will not say anything more. 'Feathering and flying will stop."
After listening to the full text of "Longzhong Dui", the First Emperor commented: "There are always generals but not always commanders. There are always officials in a place but not always officials in a country. Zhuge Kongming is the man who plans the country and becomes the commander." .”
The reason why Liu Bei was running around and accomplishing nothing before was that their group had no brains and no one planned the development direction for them. They didn't know where to develop specifically or what goals to achieve and how many stages they should achieve. Therefore, Dong Yilangtou , Xiyi Bangchui.
But the conversation between the Prime Minister and the Emperor's uncle made it clear to the Emperor's uncle the path he wanted to take. He had a specific and clear goal and was no longer confused.
From the perspective of later generations, the strategy of "Longzhong Pair" seems to be like that. It is not very difficult. I can do it if I get it, but it may not work if I get it.
In the context of the times, we must clearly see the general trend of the world, and we must also set achievable development goals. Not everyone can do it, although many of the strategic goals of "Longzhong Dui" have not been achieved.
"This story about the emperor's uncle visiting the prime minister three times was also passed down to later generations and turned into an idiom "three visits to the thatched cottage", which is remembered by future generations. The poet of the Tang Dynasty once wrote in "The Prime Minister of Shu":"
"Where can I find the Prime Minister's ancestral hall? There are so many trees outside Jinguan City."
"The green grass reflects the beauty of spring on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves."
"Three visits have troubled the world, and two dynasties have opened the hearts of veterans."
"Died before leaving the army, it makes the hero burst into tears."
This is also a poem that must be memorized when going to school. After Li Nian finished memorizing it, the First Emperor and the other three silently savored it in their hearts. This poem is not long, but it condenses the life of Prime Minister Zhuge.
It's just that this story doesn't seem to be perfect, and it doesn't have a good ending. Prime Minister Zhuge did not fulfill his long-cherished wish, as evidenced by the phrase "he died before leaving the army".
But until his death, the veteran of two dynasties was still leading the army to fight for his wishes. He must have been quite old by then, right?
He is truly a loyal minister and righteous man!
Unfortunately, he failed to realize his wish and change the outcome of the Shu-Han Dynasty. In the end, the three families of Wei, Shu and Wu all returned to the Jin Dynasty.
No, Li Nian didn't say that Wei, Shu and Wu were divided into three parts of the world, so the one who finally unified the world should be one of the three families. Where did Jin come from?
Thinking of this, the First Emperor who discovered Huadian asked: "Whose power is Jin? Who established it? Why is it not among the three families of Wei, Shu and Wu?"
Li Nian was stunned. Why did the First Emperor's mind suddenly jump to this?
But he still replied: "Jin was founded by the Sima family. The Sima family was originally a minister of Cao Wei. However, the Cao Wei clan weakened and the Sima family gradually became more powerful. Eventually, it replaced Cao Wei, destroyed Shu and Wu, and restored the world. Unify.”
"Speaking of which, Sima Yi, the founder of Jin, and Prime Minister Zhuge are exactly opposites in history. Their talents are quite similar, but in other aspects..."
"Prime Minister Zhuge was nicknamed 'Wolong' and Sima Yi was nicknamed 'Tomb Tiger'. Prime Minister Zhuge was loyal throughout his life, but Sima Yi was cunning and broke his oath." "Some people in later generations joked that Sima Yi shot an arrow from the Luoshui River and flew past Li Jing's scalp. , right between Li Shanchang’s eyebrows.”
Li Nian explained: "Li Jing was the founding general of the Tang Dynasty with great military exploits, and Li Shanchang was the first hero of the founding of the Ming Dynasty. Their relationship with Sima Yi is that when Sima Yi seized power from Cao Shuang, he swore an oath by the Luoshui River, promising that as long as Cao Shuang surrendered With military power, he can retain his wealth and title without touching his family.”
The First Emperor said: "But Sima Yi broke his oath?"
Li Nian nodded: "Sima Yi not only destroyed Cao Shuang's entire family, but also killed more than thousands of Cao's clan members. The consequence of this incident is that from then on, few people in China believed in the oath, which led to constant suspicion among the monarchs and ministers. Once a minister's achievements impress the master, he will be feared and killed by the king."
"Because they had a lesson learned from Sima Yi before them. When Emperor Wu of Wei Cao Cao, Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi, and Emperor Wei Ming Cao Rui were still alive, Sima Yi was still honest and responsible, but he was very capable and survived these three people and finally waited for the opportunity. Seize the power of Cao Wei and lay the foundation for Jin."
"Some people in later generations believed that Li Jing and Li Shanchang were harmed by Sima Yi. Li Shanchang was already over 70 years old when he was executed by Emperor Hongwu, but Emperor Hongwu still worried that Li Shanchang was still alive, in case he would follow Sima Yi's example after his death. …”
"Li Jing ended up better than Li Shanchang because he met Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Li Jing did have great military exploits and outstanding leadership ability, but Emperor Taizong was also good at leading troops."
"Among the many emperors in history, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was ranked first in military ability, so he was not afraid of having ministers who would make great contributions."
This Sima Yi really did evil. If it hadn't been for what he did, Li Jing might not have been frightened all his life, and Li Shanchang wouldn't have been executed by Emperor Hongwu at the age of over seventy.
Meng Tian commented: "Sima Yi broke his oath and seized power, which was a recipe for disaster. The foundation of the Jin Dynasty was not correct, and the country was bound to be in turmoil."
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Li Nian said with a smile: "So the 'Fuwei Holy Dynasty ruled the world with filial piety' and did not talk about loyalty, etiquette, wisdom and trust, because after Sima Yi broke his oath and Sima Zhao ordered Cheng Ji to kill the king on the street, there was no loyalty."
These words made the First Emperor and the three of them startled. This Sima clan was so wild that he even committed regicide on the street. If this was used to establish the country, Jin would definitely not be a good dynasty.
"There were two Oaths of Luoshui in history. The first time was when Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu, in order to recruit Zhu Tuna to surrender, pointed at Luoshui and swore not to kill Zhu Tuna, but he did not kill him later."
"Sima Yi's actions make Prime Minister Zhuge even more loyal and noble."
"When Liu Bei asked the Prime Minister to leave him alone in Baidi City, he once said to the Prime Minister, 'The king is ten times more talented than Cao Pi, and he will surely be able to secure the country and settle major events. If the heir can assist him, he will assist him; if he is not talented, the king can take care of himself.', However, throughout his entire life, the Prime Minister never took a single step forward, and he dedicated his whole life to the Shu Han Dynasty and died. "
One of the late emperors entrusted an orphan to take it for himself but failed to take it for himself. Instead, he continued to serve the second generation of kings loyally, while the other broke his oath and seized power.
No wonder later emperors all hope to have ministers like Zhuge Kongming!
Such a minister is capable and loyal, how could he not like him?
Li Nian continued: "After "Longzhong Dui", Prime Minister Zhuge worshiped Liu Bei as his lord and officially came out of the mountain. In August of the 13th year of Jian'an, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son Liu Cong succeeded. At that time, Cao Cao had unified the north and led his army south to Jing. Chu, prepare to unify the world.”
"Hearing that Cao Cao was going south and Liu Cong sent his envoys to surrender, the prime minister once persuaded the emperor's uncle to attack Liu Cong at this time and take the opportunity to occupy Jingzhou, but the emperor's uncle could not bear it."
"He stayed in Jingzhou for several years and was deeply cared for by Liu Biao. How could he seize Jingzhou from his son not long after Liu Biao's death?"
"This may indeed be an opportunity for the emperor's uncle. Cao, a wife who would rather teach me to betray the world than teach the world to betray me, would not let it go. However, the emperor's uncle gave up. He said: 'I I can't bear it.'"
The first emperor and the other three sighed after hearing this.
The First Emperor thought to himself, if he had been in Liu Bei's situation at that time, would he have given up this opportunity?
He quickly came up with the answer, and he would definitely not let it go. Liu Bei's choice was really not a choice that a qualified emperor should make, but his words "I can't bear it." made the First Emperor feel an indescribable feeling.
This is a warm and romantic feeling that makes history no longer so cold. History is not only about iron-blooded battlefields and power seeking interests, but also a series of gentle stories that give civilization to time, rather than time to civilization.
The First Emperor sighed: No wonder Liu Bei was able to win the support of Guan Zhang and Zhuge Kongming...
Li Nian continued: "But the emperor's uncle couldn't bear to return, and the fact that Cao Cao's army went south was still there. This could not be solved by benevolence and righteousness. So, when the emperor's uncle was defeated and was defending Xiakou, he sent Prime Minister Zhuge to ask for help from Sun Quan, and the two Everyone joins forces to fight against Cao Cao.”
"Sun Quan is the son of Sun Jian and the younger brother of Sun Ce. After Sun Ce's death, he took over the throne and took charge of Jiangdong with the assistance of Zhou Yu, Zhang Zhao and others. Sun Quan succeeded to the throne at a young age and was quite accomplished. Cao Cao once commented, 'Having a son' Just like Sun Zhongmou, Liu Jingsheng's son is like a pig with dog ears.'"
These words are not mocking Sun Quan, but indeed praising Sun Quan. Cao Cao and Sun Quan's father Sun Jian are of the same generation, so they can be evaluated like this.
"Later, Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also borrowed this sentence in his poem: 'Young man, thousands of soldiers, sat down to stop the war in the southeast. Who is the rival of the heroes in the world? Cao Liu. Give birth to a son like Sun Zhongmou.' He was talking about Sun Quan. ”
"But due to some of his subsequent operations, Sun Quan was also ridiculed as 'Sun Shiwan' and 'Jiangdong Rat'."
"'Sun Shiwan' refers to the fact that he led an army of 100,000 to attack Hefei, but was repulsed by Zhang Liao with 800 soldiers. Due to this incompetent performance, he was given the title of 'Sun Shiwan'."
"'Jiangdong Rats' was because Cao Wei was powerful, and the Sun and Liu families formed an alliance to fight against Cao. However, Sun Quan stabbed his ally in the back and ordered Lü Meng to attack Jingzhou. Not only did he capture the land of Jingzhou, but he also captured Guan Yu and put him to death. Because of this behavior, they were called "Jiangdong Rats""
Li Nian smiled and said: "There is nothing to say about the title of 'Sun Shiwan', but the matter of 'Jiangdong Rats' is actually due to Guan Yu and Shu Han. Sun Quan cannot be blamed entirely. For example, there is the issue of the ownership of several counties in Jingzhou, and Guan Yu looks down on Sun Quan. .”
From a historical point of view, it seems that Liu Bei only borrowed Nanjun, not the entire Jingzhou. But the bad thing is that Liu Bei once "went to Beijing to see power and asked to be the governor of Jingzhou, but Wei Su persuaded Quan to borrow it and rejected Cao Gong together."
Liu Bei asked Sun Quan to be the governor of Jingzhou, which made Sun Quan think that he was Liu Bei's boss, so Liu Bei's territory in Jingzhou should logically belong to him. He had "lent" it to Liu Bei and could take it back when the time was right.
Liu Bei also admitted this at the beginning, which paved the way for the subsequent land dispute in Jingzhou.
Guan Yu was proud of his superiors but not his subordinates, bullied the strong but not the weak, valued his soldiers but despised his officials, which greatly offended Sun Quan.
The two families had a dispute over the land in Jingzhou, and Guan Yu made Sun Quan feel humiliated. Multiple factors combined, and Sun Quan stabbed Guan Yu in the back.
(End of chapter)