Chapter 514 Stone Island’s epiphany! Mysterious inequality! A major breakthrough! Puzzle the heaven of quantum theory!
The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 shocked the world.
This marks that the theory of relativity has been officially recognized by the academic community.
It can be written into the official textbooks of universities and even middle schools.
Li Qiwei's five Nobel Prizes are even more arrogant and dominant.
There are three Nobel Prizes in Physics, one Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and one Nobel Prize in Peace.
Far beyond Madame Curie's Double Nobel Prize, the fault leads everyone.
These awards not only reflect his amazing wisdom, but also his broad mind to work hard for the harmony of the world.
Respectable and admirable!
A big guy sighed:
"I'm afraid that Sir Newton can only fight Professor Bruce if he reincarnates."
In the Cavendish laboratory, UK.
Aston, the Nobel Prize winner of this year's Chemistry Award, complained to his big brother Rutherford: "Hey, it's so miserable to win the award at the same time as Professor Bruce."
"No one pays attention to other awards at all."
"It's so exaggerating to win five Nobel Prizes by one person!"
Aston invented the mass spectrometer laid the foundation for the discovery of a large number of isotopes, so he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry this year.
Unfortunately, his popularity was completely ignored by everyone in front of Professor Bruce.
I can't tell you the pain.
Rutherford smiled and comforted:
"Haha, if you only want to compare the number of Nobel Prizes, I think there is still a chance."
"Bruce only focuses on theoretical physics, and this direction is very difficult to achieve results."
"The reason why he wins awards frequently is because he is strong enough."
"And atomic science is different, and there are still too many unknown phenomena waiting to be discovered."
"And There is no need for a profound mathematical foundation."
"I think there will definitely be a boom in the field of atomic science in the future."
Rutherford is worthy of being a big shot in the experimental school.
His analysis was incisive and extremely foresighted.
In real history, after quantum mechanics, the explosion period of atomic research has ushered in.
Many Nobel Prize-level achievements have been born.
Moreover, these achievements are closely related to quantum mechanics.
Its importance can be seen.
However, the birth and improvement of quantum mechanics were not smooth sailing, but full of doubts and controversy.
—
November 20, 1922.
Heisenberg returns to Germany from the Institute of Quantum Research.
Maybe because he was not adapted to the environment. Since he came to the UK, he has been in poor health and often has headaches and fever.
But this time it was quite serious, and he could not even think about his work normally.
Li Qiwei saw this, and it was amazing.
Even at this point in time, medical technology has been greatly improved, severe colds and fevers are still difficult conditions.
Many people die every year, so you must not be careless.
So, Li Qiwei approved Heisenberg to go home to recuperate for a while and come back after this New Year.
Anyway, Heisenberg's research topic is theoretical. Even if it is not in the laboratory, it can be studied normally, but no one has discussed it.
Heisenberg had to force himself to say it was okay, but under Li Qiwei's strict insistence, he had to obey.
He also knew that it was Professor Bruce who cared about himself.
"The body is the capital of scientific research."
On the train from Belgium to Germany, Heisenberg sat alone in his seat, looking out the window quietly.
Belgium in November is the most gorgeous day for Violet.
Where you see, it is like a purple sea rippling with slight waves, romantic and beautiful.
But the beautiful scenery in front of him did not attract Heisenberg.
His thoughts have long been flying where they are.
The news that Li Qiwei won the Nobel Prize again made Heisenberg's mood fluctuate.
He was originally a sensitive person with a strong sense of self-esteem.
He stubbornly believed that since he became a postdoctoral fellow at Professor Bruce, he must not be embarrassed.
If you can't achieve innovative results, others will definitely laugh at him.
Therefore, Heisenberg's pressure can be imagined.
In fact, these pressures were all imposed on him by force.
If he had Wilson's mentality, he would probably not get sick.
And the topic he chose is the hottest quantum theory at present.
Those simple directions have been studied long ago.
The most breakthrough at present is Professor Bruce's prediction of quantum theory reconstruction.
Heisenberg aimed at this target!
But it's too difficult.
He sighed deeply.
Even though Professor Bruce has given a tip, he still has no idea.
He cannot associate the frequency and probability of the atomic emission spectrum.
At this time, opposite Heisenberg, a young and beautiful girl blinked her big eyes, full of curiosity.
The man in front of her gave her an indescribable mysterious feeling.
Even though there is such a beautiful scenery, the other party is very melancholy.
It's like a Beethoven music.
Extremely, deep, paranoid, but full of upward power
Exciting.
So, she couldn't help but say hello and asked: "Hello, my name is Schumacher."
"Do you don't like Violet?" br>
Heisenberg woke up from his random thoughts when he heard this.
He was a little surprised.
"What a beautiful girl!"
Is this girl talking to herself?
He looked around and it seemed that was indeed the case.
So he hurriedly said, "Sorry, I was distracted just now." "Hello, my name is Heisenberg." Schumacher smiled sweetly Smile and asked again: "I don't think you are very happy."
"Do you don't like violets?"
"Every time I return to Germany from Belgium, my favorite is this distance."
"The flowers here are very beautiful."
Heisenberg saw the beauty a little shy and said, "Oh, no, I'm just thinking about some work."
"No, it's not right. I really don't seem to have come into contact with flowers."
"I can't say I like it."
"Oh! No, no, I don't mean that."
" >
"These flowers are beautiful, but"
Heisenberg explained incoherently, afraid of saying the wrong thing, which made the other party unhappy.
But the more I said it, the more I became, the more I was talking, the more I was not right.
After saying that, he secretly glanced at Schumacher again, and his little heart was pounding.
Sure enough, licking dogs do not distinguish between IQ.
Schumacher chuckled, thinking it was very interesting.
She traveled around with her father and had never seen such a special young man.
He is handsome and gentlemanly, and most importantly, he has a kind of wisdom.
She wanted to get to know everything about the other person. "It's okay." "What's your job? Is it difficult?" Heisenberg looked modest, but he was a little excited.
"I am studying physics."
Wow!
Schumacher screamed and hurriedly covered his mouth, which was very cute.
"Oh my God!"
"You turned out to be a physicist!"
"So amazing!"
Heisenberg blushed in an instant, his mouth was dry, and his mind was confused.
At the same time, he was a little ashamed.
With his current level, how can he be called a physicist?
However, in front of Schumacher, he could not speak out.
At this time, Schumacher was like a curious baby and asked again: "Then do you know Professor Bruce?" "My father and I are his fans." br>
"Hey, I really want to have the chance to meet him."
"I want to see what the smartest brain in the world looks like."
Heisenberg felt even more excited.
He said as if he was pretending to be better: "Well, that, I am now the postdoctoral fellow under Professor Bruce."
Wow!
Schumacher widened his eyes, completely disbelief.
This is a coincidence!
At this moment, her favorability for Heisenberg has been overwhelmed.
It is both melancholy and knowledgeable, and it is also a student of Professor Bruce. "Oh my God! It's so perfect!"
So, the two soon became familiar with each other.
Schumacher is also a German, and her father is a professor of economics at the University of Berlin.
So, she had the opportunity to follow her father to meet around the world frequently.
For example, this time at the Belgian conference, she went with her father.
These experiences broaden Schumacher's thinking and horizons.
She is not as ignorant as other girls.
She also understands better how outstanding a young man like Heisenberg is.
"Heisenberg, do you like music?"
Heisenberg said modestly: "Learn a little bit of piano."
He does It's modesty.
Due to his wealthy family conditions, Heisenberg received an elite education since childhood.
He has not only been exposed to scientific knowledge, playing the piano, climbing, skiing, and camping.
He was able to play classic music by masters such as Beethoven and Lister at the age of thirteen.
Physicists know musical instruments are nothing new in this era.
For example, Einstein played a good violin, and Planck was a master of organs.
Sure enough, it is easy for physicists who understand music to make girls.
Schumacher has completely fallen into Heisenberg's talent.
The two have a common hobby and topic, that is music.
Heisenberg was no longer depressed at this moment, and he had long been thrown out of the sky with the reconstruction of quantum theory.
At this time, he suddenly found Schumacher holding a note in his hand.
So he asked curiously: "Do you like to write a diary?" Schumacher let out a helpless "hi" and said with a bitter face: " In order to train me, my father asked me to record every itinerary in the form of accounting. "
"For example, how long I took a day, how long I spent discussing academic content, etc. ”
"According to the one-to-one relationship, organize it in a table."
"He said that using this method can help him find some rules in discrete data."
Heisenberg Point Nodding, he felt something flashing through his mind, but it disappeared in an instant.
He smiled and said, "Your father is indeed an economist."
"This kind of thinking is quite interesting."
Then, he asked curiously:
"Then why do you need to remember it?"
Schumacher learned As her father looked, he pretended to be stern and said: "You don't do anything, why do I still have to take you with me?"
After saying that, the two laughed.
A cheerful atmosphere filled the carriage.
This journey is no longer lonely.
——
Hisenberg's condition improved indeed after returning to his hometown of Würzburg.
He and Schumacher left contact information to each other.
So, after he recovered, he mustered up the courage to invite Schumacher to enjoy the flowers.
As a result, something even more tragic came.
He is actually allergic to pollen!
The career of picking up girls was directly destroyed.
Schumacher was not disappointed, but instead laughed: "It's okay, fortunately you are not allergic to music."
The beauty smiled sweetly, and Heisenberg was fascinated by the infatuation.
But his face was swollen like a pig's head, he had to continue going home to rest.
Even if he rested, Heisenberg did not give up on his physical research. However, this time, he chose to go into seclusion completely.
Early December.
Heisenberg came to the coastal areas of northern Germany and found a stone island without flowers and plants, isolated from the world.
The vast sea and the slightly biting cold wind gradually calmed down his impetuous mood.
He was focused and immersed in his thinking on quantum theory.
Heisenberg knew very well, although Professor Bruce proposed the direction of reconstructing quantum theory.
But this direction is too ethereal.
Superb, his senior brother Pauli, gave up after trying for a while.
Paulie even said directly to Professor Bruce: "Professor, I think your direction is wrong."
"I think there should be any potential factors that have not been found."
No mistakes, one song, one content, one in 6, one book, one bar, one reading!
Everyone admires Pauli's courage.
It's really awesome.
But Professor Bruce's words made Pauli stop.
"Oh?"
"Then what factors do you think are left behind?"
Paoli was speechless.
"Um, um"
"Forget it, I don't want to study reconstructing quantum theory anyway."
"I'm very interested in the phenomenon that Chadwick discovered."
"Beta decay may not be that simple process."
"Maybe I can figure out the problem of weak force .”
Everyone laughed.
Paulie doesn't care.
He said disdainfully: Smiling farts, a bunch of scumbags.
Heisenberg smiled when he thought of those scenes.
However, the more difficult it is, the more challenging it is.
Otherwise, how could he be famous in the physics community?
Heisenberg was about to get into the level of being obsessed with reconstructing quantum theory.
There is no time on the Stone Island.
The days pass by day.
Suddenly!
One day, a sweet memory emerged in Heisenberg's mind.
Schumacher's voice, appearance and smile seemed to appear in front of him.
"Are you writing a diary?" "Hey, I'm keeping accounts." "My father said that accounting can help him discover some rules."
law?
Registration!
Wow!
Heisenberg's thoughts burst out and finally grabbed the inspiration.
He suddenly became excited and quickly found paper and pen. "I want to integrate all the data together by keeping accounts!" Heisenberg took a deep breath and relaxed his brain.
While muttering to himself, he silently thought about analysis in his heart, while writing down the results on paper.
Take the simplest hydrogen atom as an example.
First is the frequency of the atomic absorption and emission spectrum.
Suppose there are 4 different energy levels in the electrons in the hydrogen atom.
That is, the energy levels are 1, 2, 3, and 4.
So how many electromagnetic waves can it emit in total at different frequencies?
Heisenberg began to write down in order by accounting:
[Electromagnetic waves that transition from low energy level to high energy level belong to the absorption spectrum. 】
v12, v13, v14;
v23, v24;
v34;
[Electromagnetic waves that transition from high energy level to low energy level belong to the emission spectrum. 】
v21, v31, v41;
v32, v42;
v43;
If a hydrogen atom has n orbits in total, all its frequencies can be written into an array: vmn.
Similarly, according to the spectral intensity, the probability of the occurrence of electromagnetic waves obtained in all frequencies can also be written into an array.
G represents the probability, then the array is gmn.
And, vmn and gmn are one-to-one corresponding relationships.
At this moment, Heisenberg's brain was extremely light and agile.
Professor Bruce proposed that the only two observable quantities were sorted into two corresponding arrays by him.
This looks very neat.
The next step is to study the relationship between two arrays.
At this time, he thought of the most important process when Professor Bruce discovered the concept of quantum:
Simple Harmonic Oscillator!
This is a perfect model in physics, a bit like the concept of "grain" in later generations.
Simple harmonic oscillator is a physical model that hangs particles on a spring and performs reciprocating motion of sine or cosine curves.
At that time, Li Qiwei used this concept to explain the radiation and absorption of thermal energy and proposed quantum.
In the field of physics, there are many phenomena that can be described as a combination of a large number of simple harmonic oscillators.
For example, vibration of particles that constitute crystals, etc.
Understanding it vividly can be compared to Fourier transform in mathematics.
It can eventually turn any complex function into simple function combinations such as sin and cos.
The simple harmonic oscillator converts complex physical processes into the motion of the simple harmonic oscillator.
This is very simple to deal with.
Heisenberg became more and more excited the more he thought about it, and his thinking was running faster and faster.
He first assumed that electromagnetic waves of different frequencies are emitted by simple harmonic oscillators of different frequencies.
Simplified harmonic oscillators have two important physical quantities: momentum [p] and displacement [d] from the origin.
Since simple harmonic oscillators are electromagnetic waves, their physical quantities become the form of arrays.
That is, p is an array, and d is also an array.
Soon, Heisenberg wrote something strange.
In a large box, the data of vmn and gmn are neatly arranged.
He began to try various operations to study the relationship between p and d.
Suddenly, he discovered an extremely incredible phenomenon:
[p times d] does not mean [d times p]!
In mathematical language, it is: p×d≠d×p!
Wow!
Heisenberg was stunned!
How is this possible?
Multiple should satisfy the commutative law!
1×2=2×1, this is a formula that elementary school students know.
But he actually deduced an unequal exchange law.
"Oh my God!"
"I can't calculate it wrong!"
Heisenberg didn't believe in evil, so he carefully calculated it again.
The result shocked him!
He did not calculate it wrong, it was not equal!
At this moment, Heisenberg's heart was beating.
He felt that he had discovered something extraordinary.
He couldn't help but shout: "Senior Brother Pauli, please help me see what's going on with this formula?"
After waiting for a long time, no one answered.
Heisenberg then realized that he was now in seclusion and isolated from the world.
He is the only one on the entire island.
Dear Brother Pauli doesn't know who he is.
However, although no one shared it, he knew that he must have made a huge breakthrough in reconstructing quantum theory.
This comes from his strong physical intuition!
The cold wind on the stone island was blowing even more bitterly, but his heart was hot.
At this moment, Heisenberg suddenly had the urge to whistle to the sky.
He wanted to vent his depression and darkness that had been suppressed during this period.
"I want to break through the heaven of quantum theory!"
"I want to break this quantum theory!"
"Now, saymyname!"
There are two of the bold ambitions, and even the suppressed sea dare not roll in waves.
Heisenberg's thin figure stood on the huge rock.
At this moment, his confidence seemed to shake the whole world!
If Schumacher were here, he would probably be conquered on the spot.
After three minutes of installation, Heisenberg hid in the house because it was too cold.
After making such a major discovery, he began to cherish his health.
If the paper is not published yet and suddenly becomes shattered, then he will definitely die with his eyes open.
Next, Heisenberg spent two days writing his ideas into a detailed paper.
He was originally going to return to the UK now and ask Professor Bruce to give some advice.
What is that mysterious thing that does not obey the commutative law of multiplication.
Heisenberg felt that Professor Bruce's erudition must have known this thing.
After all, even Riemann geometry is so difficult, the other party can easily master and use it.
But he thought about it again that the New Year was approaching.
It is probably too late to go to London again now.
Professor Bruce is so busy that he may have been invited by bigwigs from all walks of life to give a speech.
So, he finally decided to go back to Munich and simply let Professor Somofe take a look first.
Although the other party is not as good as Professor Bruce, he is knowledgeable after all, and he may be able to answer his doubts.
More importantly, Somofe is his doctoral supervisor.
He desperately wanted to prove it to his mentor.
"Professor Wien's rating for me is one-sided!"
Heisenberg took a last look at Shitou Island, with tenderness in his eyes.
Although it is bare, in his eyes, there is the most beautiful scenery in the world.
He didn't stay here for long, but he left unforgettable memories.
Stone Island witnessed his rise!
"Goodbye!"
—
—
December 26, 1922.
Heisenberg went all the way and finally arrived at the University of Munich.
People feel refreshed when they are happy.
He didn't feel tired at all, and his whole body was full of strength because of excitement.
He came to the physics department with a familiarity.
Many students from lower classes even greeted him.
"Senior Brother Heisenberg!"
"Dr. Heisenberg!"
After all, he is a postdoctoral fellow of Professor Bruce, an awesome person who can work in the Institute of Quantum Studies.
Soon, he came to Somofe's office.
Dongdongdongdongdongdong!
"Please come in!"
A familiar voice came, and Heisenberg took a light breath, suppressing the excitement in his heart.
He pushed open the door but was surprised.
In addition to Professor Somofe, there were three people in the room.
Pauli, Born, Wayne.
For a moment, he forgot how to say hello.
Pauli was familiar with it. He shouted in surprise: "Oh, Heisenberg, why are you here?" "Are you allergic to pollen? Have you gone to the island to recuperate? ? ”
Heisenberg was a little embarrassed.
"Haha, it's ready now."
Somofey asked with a smile: "Heisenberg, is there anything you are here today?"
Heisenberg greeted Pauli and others and walked to Sosenberg In front of Mo Fei, he said: "Professor, I was bored on the island and studied something." "I want to ask you to help me."
Wow!
Somofei and others were all shocked.
What does Heisenberg need to come here specifically?
Several people were interested.
Note: In real history, Schumacher was more than teenager younger than Heisenberg. I modified it slightly for the sake of storyline.
(This chapter ends)