Li Aiguo listened quietly to these comments and did not blame them.
After all, in this era, computers were still a new thing, and everyone thought that computers should be the kind of large mainframe as big as a room.
They simply cannot understand and accept the concept of miniaturization of computers.
Professor Xia Zhongsu had noticed Li Aiguo at this time, and his face suddenly looked a little ugly.
After all, it was precisely because of the help of this train driver that their computing institute completed the design and manufacturing of the 103 electronic tube computer.
Logically speaking, the Red Star Computing Institute is facing difficulties now, and the Beijing Computing Institute, as a colleague, should take the initiative to lend a helping hand.
"Patriotic Comrade. Look at this." Xia Zhongsu wanted to speak but stopped, and his words were full of embarrassment.
"Old Xia, don't you mind letting me say a few words?" Li Aiguo walked onto the rostrum as he spoke. Xia Zhongsu quickly flashed aside and handed over the right to speak to him.
Li Aiguo's eyes slid across the faces of the researchers: "Everyone, everyone knows that I am a train driver. If you don't understand any profound principles, you will understand what's going on the train."
Hearing this, several old researchers frowned.
Now we are talking about the development of computers, which is truly high-tech. What do you mean by picking up a rough train?
It’s just that before they even spoke, they were glared at by Xia Zhongsu and could only press their temperament. Come and see if the train driver is planning to turn the situation around.
Li Aiguo supported the table with both hands and continued:
"Everyone knows that the train was made in 1804 by Delivsk using Watt's steam engine.
The initial train used firewood as fuel, with a speed of only five kilometers per hour and a load capacity of no more than five hundred kilograms. Both the speed and load capacity were far inferior to the carriage.
The coachman at that time might not have imagined that the bulky steam locomotive could eventually weave a global railway network.
But as of now, the carriages have almost disappeared, and thousands of trains are galloping on the earth every moment around the world.
Today's electronic tube computers are like the carriages of the past - expensive, fragile and can only serve a few people.
To put it bluntly, people who use electronic tube computers are like rich men who used to ride in horse and carriages.
The transistor miniature machine is just like the first generation train. Although it is not perfect, it will inevitably bring the computer from the palace to the homes of ordinary people.
It has truly improved the people's production efficiency and provided convenient transportation for the people. It is a tool for the people.
When every university, factory or even laboratory can have its own "train", who will still miss those carriages that can only be used by rich people? "
Li Aiguo finished speaking, and the venue was silent. None of the researchers who had originally planned to express their opposition dared to say anything.
Peng Yunyou stood aside, his eyes wide open , in his heart, he was amazed: What a good guy, Li Aiguo actually compared the electronic tube computer and the transistor miniature machine to the carriage of the rich man and the train of the people.
This metaphor is simply amazing!
In that special era, if anyone opposes transistor minicomputers, it is not that he is standing opposite to the people and has ideological problems.
The leaders of the Academy of Sciences turned dark and could only say with a tough forehead: "My patriotism, it's an academic discussion now, don't exaggerate it."
"Ah, sorry." Li Aiguo then Reacting, he smiled embarrassedly.
He knew in his heart that the previous method of dealing with the Progress Office was too strong and he almost used the wrong place again.
Then, he slapped the table suddenly and said excitedly: "History never waits for the hesitant, but it will remember the pioneers!
Join the Red Star Computer Research Institute and you will engrave your name in the history of computer development. ”
******
Time.
It's like a man who is thirty-five years old, faster and shorter every day.
< br>In the blink of an eye, September passed and October came.
At this time, the good news that Daqing Oilfield was successfully discovered spread throughout the country like wings.
The people of the whole country are immersed in this great joy and celebrate the major victory in the field of petroleum geological work
In Fuxing Daliu Shu Road, Haiding District, Beijing, the surrounding residents found , the big courtyard that originally belonged to the Military Research Institute became lively again.
In front of the gate, a brand new nameplate was hung high, with the words "Red Star Computer Research Institute" clearly written on it.
A young man in a gray Zhongshan suit was standing steadily on the ladder, holding a bright red five-pointed star in his hand, and nailing it to the lintel of the gate with a nail.
"Calculate the chicken? Can this chicken still count?"
"Hey, it's a rude man. This is a computer, not an old hen. It is said that as long as this computer is powered on, press it a few times, you can Calculate the math problem. "
".Isn't this abacus? Is there anything worth studying? I have learned abacus from the old shopkeeper when I was a child. I did a great job. They might as well invite me to be a teacher. . Just give me a salary of fifty yuan every month. "
"I guess this computer is not an ordinary thing. Do you see that there are so many old Russian experts in this research institute?" >Only everyone noticed that there were more than a dozen Russian experts standing at the door.
Seeing this scene, the residents realized that the unit in front of them that studies "calculating chickens" is not a real chicken farm, but a place where great knowledge is hidden.
At this time, Li Aiguo had already climbed down steadily from the ladder.
According to the old rules of the capital, he hung a hanging of firecrackers on the wall, and then handed the match to Professor Gilotti with a smile. "Gilotti, you are now the director of the institute. You will be the first shot to open the business," said Li Aiguo.
Professor Gilotti was obviously playing with firecrackers for the first time. He tried it with a match twice before igniting the firecrackers.
It's squirting.
The smell of gunpowder is everywhere.
The opening ceremony was held without superior leaders attending the speech, without the charming flowers, and without the wonderful performances.
Simple can't be simpler.
But amid the crackling sound of firecrackers, the Red Star Computer Research Institute was officially born.
At this time, the rising sun slowly jumped to the treetops, and the golden light shone on the earth. The red stars on the door lintel emitted bright light under the reflection of the rising sun.
"Dear comrades, from today on our Red Star Computer Research Institute has been officially established."
"Guojiugujiujiu!"
"Now I'll assign a job to you .”
Professor Gillotti is the director of the Red Star Computer Institute, and the deputy director is the director of Peng Yunyou and Xia Zhongsu.
That's right, Xia Zhongsu is the director of the Beijing Institute of Computing and Computing under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Peng Yunyou looked at Xia Zhongsu sitting opposite her and felt a little sad: Why did Li Aiguo pull this big boss?
This matter has to start a few days ago.
After Li Aiguo delivered the speech entitled "Exploring History", several old researchers in the Beijing Institute of Computing and Computing enthusiastically applied to join the Red Star Institute of Computing and Computing.
But no one expected that what happened next shocked everyone - Director Xia Zhongsu of the Beijing Computing Institute, even raised his hand high and signed up for the aid mission. .
Everyone was shocked and dropped their chins. What a good guy, even the leader took the lead in "defection".
Li Aiguo did not expect to abduct Professor Xia Zhongsu.
This is a first-class computer expert in China. He once made great contributions to the development of the 103 machine and was also the director of the Beijing Computing Institute.
At that time, Li Aiguo also specially found Professor Xia Zhongsu and asked him to consider it carefully. After all, this was not a small decision.
Soup later, several deputy directors of the Beijing Computing Institute went out to do ideological work for Xia Zhongsu, and tried hard to persuade him to stay, but Xia Zhongsu had decided and no one could persuade him.
The leaders of the Academy of Sciences also did their work, but it was still useless. This old director believes that transistor minicomputers are the future of computers.
This matter went on and on, and was eventually reported to Dean Guo.
Director Guo was so angry that he heard the news that he was furious. The congratulations he was writing were thrown aside by him.
He came to the Beijing Computing Institute in person, intending to teach Professor Xia Zhongsu a good lesson so that he can understand the "situation". "Dean, I am forty-five years old this year, and I don't have much time left for me. I want to use my future to really do something meaningful."
"Why can't you see the situation clearly!" President Guo said with regret.
Faced with such a stubborn Xia Zhongsu, President Guo had no choice but to use his "secret skills" - to go to Haizi to complain.
"The 107 machine is currently under development, which is a key project. The Red Star Computing Institute is trying to poach people, just to destroy unity and to block the development of domestic computers."
Guo Yuan When he complained, he spoke fiercely, and he said the behavior of the Red Star Calculation Institute was extremely bad.
In Dean Guo's view, the leaders will definitely put pressure on Red Star Computing considering the R&D work of the 107 machine.
Who would have thought that news soon came from Haizili: "The Red Star Computing Institute is a Sino-Soviet joint venture research institute and is a symbol of friendship between the two countries. Professor Xia Zhongsu voluntarily went to the Red Star Research Institute to work in an active response to the call of superiors."
The leader of Haizi also knew Dean Guo’s personality in his heart, and directly took out the title of Sino-Soviet joint venture, leaving Dean Guo with nothing to say.
Dean Guo knew that the so-called Sino-Soviet joint venture was largely just a cover, but he had no choice but to pinch his nose and signed his name on Xia Zhongsu's transfer order.
But when he put down his brush, his face turned gloomy.
"The Red Star Computing Institute was established, the 107 machine is about to produce results"
"Professor Xia Zhongsu is responsible for the first, second and fifth research groups." Li Aiguo looked at Professor Xia Zhongsu. "Don't worry, I promise to complete the task." Deputy Director Xia Zhongsu stood up: "Consultant Li, when will we start the development of transistor computers?"
This old comrade was impatient. Li Aiguo turned his head and looked around. Seeing the old Russian experts, Chinese researchers, and even logistics staff, they all looked expectant. He sighed in his heart. No wonder this year People can create countless miracles in hardships.
Li Aiguo withdrew his gaze and nodded at the head of the security department Ji Wu.
Ji Wu is the deputy director of the armed forces department of Qianmen Locomotive Section. This time, in order to prepare for the Red Star Calculation Institute, Li Aiguo specially applied to Minister Niu and transferred him over.
Ji Wu stood up and walked to the logistics staff, and said with a smile: "Comrades, you still have very important work to be busy with."
The logistics staff immediately understood that the meeting was about to be under the meeting. The matters discussed may involve the confidentiality of the Red Star Computer Institute, so they stood up and left the conference room.
Ji Wu also left the conference room with a few security guards and stayed outside. After the door in the conference room was closed again, Li Aiguo looked around and said, "The next content is top-secret technology. No one can disclose it to the outside world, even his parents, wife and children. Once the technology leak occurs, the leaker will Will be held accountable."
In fact, Li Aiguo's words are just routine, just like FBI warning is always displayed before some small movies begin.
All calls and letters between the old Russian researchers and the old Russians will be checked.
And, they signed an agreement with Andre Trading Company, and even if they returned to the Russians, they could not escape.
It can be said that these old Russian researchers are absolutely loyal.
As for these domestic researchers, let alone, the Institute of Railway Technology and the Academy of Sciences have investigated the situation of their ancestors for three generations.
However, Li Aiguo's actions still attracted the attention of the researchers, and they stared at Li Aiguo with wide eyes.
"Our first project was." Li Aiguo turned around and wrote a few big words on the blackboard: "4004 processor!"
"4004? What is this?"
"It should be a transistor microprocessor, right?"
"Hell, I have heard that IBM abroad is developing transistor microprocessors, but it has not made any progress. This time, comrade Patriotic I'm really planning to make a big deal."
No mistakes, one song, one content, one in 6, one book, one bar, one reading!
"Be quiet, look, what did the patriotic comrades draw on the blackboard?"
The old Russian researchers, Chinese researchers, and those comrades from the Logistics Department all raised their heads and stared at the blackboard. .
Li Aiguo was on the blackboard and began to outline the general outline of the 4004 processor with the chalk in his hand.
First of all, he drew the core architecture of the 4004 processor, which is a compact and precise layout, with each functional module closely connected.
"This is the central processor unit, that is, the CPU, which is the brain of the entire processor, responsible for executing instructions and performing data operations."
Then, he drew the register group, with those small squares tightly tiled. Arranged together.
"These registers are used to temporarily store data and instructions. They are like small warehouses that can quickly access information, greatly improving the operating efficiency of the processor.
Different registers have different uses, some are used to store operation results, and some are used to store instructions to be executed. "
Soup later, Li Aiguo added the address bus and the data bus, with lines interlaced and connected Each key component is involved.
"The address bus is responsible for transmitting memory addresses, just like coordinates on a map, telling the processor where data is stored.
The data bus is responsible for transmitting data between processors, memory and other devices. It is The data transmission speed and accuracy of the highway in which information flow directly affect the performance of the entire computer system. "
When drawing the control unit, Li Aiguo deliberately made several more efforts, "The control unit is the command of the processor. The center is responsible for coordinating and controlling the various components of the processor to work together.
It reads instructions in memory, decodes the instructions, and then issues various control signals based on the decoding results, directing the ALU to perform operations. , control the read and write of registers, and manage the transmission of data on the bus. ”
The eyes of everyone in the audience followed the chalk in Li Aiguo's hand, sometimes showing a look of surprise, sometimes whispering to discuss in a low voice.
Deputy Director Xia Zhongsu's eyes were flashing with excitement, and his hands were clenched unconsciously.
The Russian experts were only afraid of Li Aiguo's "power" and had to join the research institute.
Now they all showed admiration and communicated in low voice in Russian, "This is simply a genius design, this young man is incredible."
"Yes, although I can't see it yet I understand this idea, but I can tell it is very high-end at a glance."
Li Aiguo put down the chalk, patted the chalk dust on his hand, and turned around, "Comrades, this is the goal we are going to overcome next- —4004 processor.
Although the road ahead is full of challenges, I believe that as long as we work together, we will be able to successfully develop our own transistor computers and contribute our strength to the country's scientific and technological undertakings! "
There was a warm applause suddenly sounded from the audience, and the applause echoed in the conference room for a long time.
After the applause fell, Professor Xia Zhongsu stood up: "Comrade Patriotic, the specifics of this 4004 processor What are the parameters? "
Li Aiguo said slowly: "There are 2,250 transistors integrated on the chip. The distance between the transistors is 10 microns. It can process 4 bit data, operate 60,000 times per second, the frequency is 108KHZ, and the front-end bus is 0.74MHz. "
"Operate 60,000 times per second." Professor Xia Zhongsu took a breath: "The computing speed of the 103 electronic tube computer is 1,800 times per second, even if the 107 electronic tube computer currently being developed by the Academy of Sciences uses After being connected in series, the calculation speed is only 2500 times per second."
The speed of 60,000 times per second has exceeded the imagination of this old director.
However, Professor Xia Zhongsu quickly calmed down: "Askan, transistors can be manufactured in China at present, but according to your design, the transistors are too large."
Li Aiguo replied : "At present, domestic transistor manufacturing uses alloy diffusion process, and the raw material is germanium. If it is replaced with high-precision silicon, point-contact type can be used to achieve the process goal of ten microns."
Professor Xia Zhongsu thought carefully , that's really the case.
At present, 1,013 institutions in China have used high-precision silicon to conduct crystallization experiments, but because of the high cost, they have not continued to study.
Professor Xia Zhongsu sat back.
Gilotti stood up and asked, "Dear patriotic comrade, it should be necessary to make the integrated circuit you designed, special technology should be required?
Otherwise, even if you use the best one Technicians are not enough to support such fine patterns."
Li Aiguodao: "I have designed a microcircuit manufacturing technology called lithography."
"Light, light Technique?” This strange word immediately attracted the attention of those researchers.
No wonder, it is not surprising that lithography technology was invented in the 1960s and is truly mature and used to manufacture chips. It will take until seventy years to be achieved.
Li Aiguo explained: "Everyone is a senior intellectual, and it should be known that the arrangement of silicon elements is easily affected by light. The basic principle of lithography technology is to use light to transfer patterns to silicon wafers through masks.
At present, ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet light source technologies are immature. We can use mercury lamps as light sources, but the wavelength of the lamp is relatively long, which may be limited in resolution and accuracy.
In addition, How to control the uniformity and stability of light is also a problem.
However, I have a solution, so I won't explain it in detail here."
"There is also lithography, which requires a special gel. Dichromate gelatin is a good material. As long as it is added again. Well, we can discuss the specific technical details later."
< br>"As for the production of the mask, it is also a key point. But I already have an idea, so I won't explain it in detail here."
"."
Well, if it's more water , it’s time for the reader to curse.
But these researchers are regarded as a symbol of technological confidentiality.
Chip manufacturing is a huge project, and it can be made out of thin air without just having chip design drawings.
The reason why Li Aiguo proposed to manufacture 4004 microprocessing at this time was that he had long thought of various alternative materials and alternative technologies.
In particular, he also spent 1,000 points to purchase ten technologies from the system.
It is entirely possible to manufacture 4004 microprocessing in this underdeveloped era.
Although Li Aiguo hid most of the technical details, he instantly won the trust of those researchers.
Especially at present, whether it is the Russians or Xiao Meijia, they are taking the germanium material route when manufacturing processors.
Only IBM proposed that silicon could be used instead of germanium, which is enough to show Li Aiguo's vision.
In addition, the idea of lithography silicon is simply a genius idea, which not only solves the problem of excessive integrated circuits, but also greatly reduces costs.
Professor Xia Zhongsu becomes more and more excited the more he thinks: "Patriotic, don't worry, even if I am an old man tries his life, he will still make the 4004 processor!"
"Ahem, there is no need to fight to the death if you don't have to fight to the death!"
"Ahem, there is no need to fight to the death! , we will make processors that are dozens of times, hundreds of times, or even tens of thousands of times more advanced than 4004 in the future. ”
"Ten thousand times." Professor Xia Zhongsu felt that his brain was dead. He could not think of any of it. How could a small processor be able to calculate hundreds of millions of times per second?
The researchers also widened their eyes.
Li Aiguo sighed when he saw that once the explosion of technology is launched, the development speed will be far beyond ordinary people's imagination.
Now they are a large group of professor-level experts gather here to develop a processor that calculates 60,000 times per second.
In later generations, if you spend 700 or 800 yuan on Goudong, you can buy a 7500F processor with a running speed of up to 5 billion times per second.
The towering building is rising from the ground, the cakes should be drawn large enough, and the steamed buns should be eaten bit by bit.
The entire development step is divided into more than a dozen small steps.
The first step is to study the drawings thoroughly, and Professor Xia Zhongsu is responsible for this part of the work.
Li Aiguo contacted the 1013 Institute through the Ministry of Railways, hoping that they could provide the high-precision silicon needed to manufacture the processor.
Because it takes a certain amount of time to contact the department.
Li Aiguo has been busy for a week and has a rare rest time, so he is preparing to make a delicious meal for Miss Chen in the evening.
The supply of materials in Beijing has not been so tight recently, and high-end nutritional products such as eggs and white flour have begun to appear on the market.
He rode his bicycle to the vegetable market, bought five kilograms of eggs and two kilograms of vegetables, and rode his bicycle toward the courtyard.
As soon as I walked to the gate of Siheyuan, I saw Jia Zhang walking out of the yard by Secretary Zhang of the street office.
Qin Huairu and Jia Dongxu were crying and reluctant to leave behind, and there was a large group of people around him.
"Brother Zhang, what's wrong?" Li Aiguo kicked on the ground, stopped the bicycle, and took out a cigarette from his pocket and handed it over. "It's Driver Li." Director Zhang faced the young man who had a good relationship with Director Wang, with a smile on his face and took the cigarette.
He pointed to Jia Zhang and said, "We received reports from the public that Jia Zhang was cheating in the exam for the ideological study class. This time I took Jia Zhang back to the street office for investigation."
Lu Aiguo was falsified and remembered that Jia Zhang claimed to be an excellent student.
At that time, he thought Jia Zhang was bragging, but now he thought that this was the case.
This is a talent!
(This chapter ends)