"It's not good-looking." Now Mai Xiaomiao has been so savored by Zhou Zhi that it is more oriental. She often stretches after finishing her work in the big study, then picks up a teacup to admire the furnishings and calligraphy in the house. She looks like she can't see enough, and she shakes her head when she sees this Western-style bottle.
"This is actually a curiosity, and the emperor cannot avoid the vulgarity." Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "Qianlong also hoped to know what people thousands of miles away look like and how they lived. Before photography technology was invented, such decorations could be seen by him."
"How do you use to determine that such things are real?" Li Laosan asked, "Why can't it be made by foreigners themselves?"
"Because its body soil, glaze, painting, firing technology, base, etc. Wait, they are all typical characteristics of Qianlong official kilns. "Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "Every process is like every stroke, which has a pattern to follow, and cannot be imitated by Western craftsmen."
"It's like placing a sketch there, then dipping it ink and water to copy it, or hanging an ink painting on the wall, and then imitating it on your own drawing paper by sketching. The ones drawn with a brush are still ink and water, and the ones drawn with a pencil are still sketches, which can be distinguished at a glance."
"The East-West craftsmanship of porcelain is almost so obvious to me and Sister Wanqiu." "The rest is experience. Although porcelain with enamel-consecrated Western landscape figures is rare and rare, it is still a lot in the old collection of the Qing Palace. Most people can only watch through the glass window. Sister Wanqiu and I have the opportunity to get started and observe, and there is also a learning system to remember its characteristics. We can also personally understand the details of the authentic products of each dynasty and various imitations."
" After this system is formed, it is relatively simple to identify porcelain. "
"Come on." Lin Wanqiu smiled and said, "I got three boxes this time. This one painted enamel four-sided window character bottle is worth it. Although Xiao Miao doesn't like it, the theme is unique, and the fine-line porcelain from the official kiln in the enamel color is expensive in the market."
After saying that, he patted Zhou Zhi's shoulder: "Identify it carefully, and you will be fine-tuned for labor fees after you finish your two pieces."
The three boxes of porcelain, except for a few pieces of enamel of Western figures in the Qing Dynasty, the rest is still traditional Chinese porcelain.
In addition to the fact that a few pieces of Ming blue and white porcelain are also valuable, the remaining ones are mainly porcelain from the third generation. In addition to the official kiln pastels, there are also some foreign colors in Guangdong.
Western color is actually imported enamel color, but the texture cannot be compared with tributes, and the level of paintings of porcelain workers in Guangdong Province cannot be compared with those of the inner workshop. Therefore, in the traditional classification of antique shops, the two are distinguished in terms of names.
But then again, although it is not as good as the real Nei Workshop's production, due to the cost of materials, these private kiln workshops are destined to use their own best craftsmen to make them. Moreover, the goal of the craftsmanship is obviously to be comparable to Nei Workshop. Many porcelains can be imitated so that they can almost be fake and real, and the craftsmanship level is also higher than that of ordinary porcelains at the same time.
Because of the time being, many auction houses in later generations turned a blind eye and sold it as official kiln porcelain. Although this behavior disrupted the market, it was inexplicably too high the value of such porcelain.
This batch of valuable porcelain accounts for about half, with about fifty pieces, and the remaining fifty pieces are basically imitations from Wan Qing to Mingguo. It seems that the Aval family is not very proficient in Chinese porcelain and has taken a lot of medicine back then.
After the collection was completed, Zhou Zhi picked out a few pieces of celadon from it: "I want these pieces."
Several laymen couldn't understand, but Lin Wanqiu frowned: "These pieces look weird. Are they the ones that imitate Chinese porcelain among the 18th century fat porcelain in the island country?" Zhou Zhi shook his head: "No, these pieces are the successors of the porcelain that are called "Qiucao Hand" in the island country. The age is similar to what you said, from the 17th to 18th century."
"It looks like they are made of blue and white from Yongle and Xuande, but the shape is more exaggerated and delicate, and the color is completely wrong. Instead, it is a bit of the black glaze and iron-brown glaze commonly used in Ding Kiln in the Song Dynasty." Lin Wanqiu smiled and said, "It turns out that this is the Qiucao Hand that is loved by the shogunate and the emperor."
"This is not the Autumn Grass Hand in the full sense. The shape and painting craftsman are the shape and painting craftsman of Autumn Grass Hand, but the glaze is not."
"Because it is difficult to obtain the blue and white glaze introduced by China in the Koryo region, the color of the Koryo blue and white will be more elegant than that of the Middle Earth blue and white porcelain. For some designs, elegance has an effect of almost watercolor or ink, and it is often more interesting when used on porcelain. After the Goryo people discovered this, they praised it, and later they gave up the complex patterns and changed to patterns with prominent themes, large white areas and strong freehand nature, which is closer to the small freehand paintings in Chinese paintings. It also reached a very high level."
"When it was in the first half of the 16th century, this picture structure was sparse and the white surface was left. The porcelain with blue and white patterns such as plants, landscapes, clouds, dragons, flowers and birds began to be favored by island countries. "
"Just like precious glaze can only be used by local workshop painters, this blue and white pattern is also from the hands of Goryeo court painters, so its artistic level is quite high, even higher than the painting level of Chinese Jingde craftsmen in the same period. It became very popular in island countries. The island countries called this type of pattern "Autumn Grass Hand". "
"But these porcelains are not blue and white." Mai Xiaomiao asked, "You said that if the temperature of blue and white porcelain is not well controlled, the color will turn black, but it is also blue and black, and these porcelains are lacking brown-black and red."
"Yes, so they are not real 'Autumn Grass Hands'." Zhou Zhi said: "We know that the color of blue and white porcelain actually comes from cobalt. After the Sumali Qing was cut off, China quickly found several alternative glazes in China, that is, cobalt materials from northern Xinjiang, called Huiqing. Later, they discovered Zhejiang materials, Zhuming materials, stone materials, and equilibrium, which preserved such brilliant and great porcelain species."
"But Goryeo did not have such good luck. After the 17th century, It was difficult to obtain Korean cobalt materials at first, so I had to use iron instead of cobalt materials to paint on the porcelain surface. The burned picture was brown-black, called 'Iron Painted White Porcelain' or 'Iron Painted Celadon'. "
"There is also a more advanced authentic product, using cinnabar as the painting material, and the pattern of the artifacts drawn in this way is vermilion red, called 'Red Sand utensil' or 'Bright Red Sand utensil'. "
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"Because this kind of porcelain is usually treated as underglaze color, it is called the 'three colors underglaze'."
"Then these pieces of porcelain should be called cinnabar ware." Li Laosan looked at a thin-necked cavitation bottle with a small and stretched reddish-brown orchid on it: "The grass on this is red."
"This is reddish-brown." Mai Xiaomiao also picked up a general jar: "There are some black spots in the color, so it should be called iron painting porcelain."
"Yes." Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "The most expensive one here should be this plum vase. Although there are no blue and white, the branches are iron paintings and the flowers are chen sand, which are considered two colors underglaze." (End of this chapter)