Chapter 537 The meeting news is announced! The physics community is shocked! The great world of quantum has arrived! Prove the material wave!
Just as Li Qiwei and others left the Netherlands and returned.
A piece of news alarmed the physics community!
October 28, 1923.
The Nobel Prize was announced!
The announcement of the Nobel Prize this time was several days later than before.
It almost made everyone think that it would be postponed until November.
The winner of this Nobel Prize in Physics is Miligan of California Institute of Technology.
His reason for winning is: work on basic charges and photoelectric effects.
Miligan also became the second Nobel Prize winner in physics in the United States after Michaelson.
As soon as the news came out, the entire American physics community was extremely excited.
As a contemporary of Professor Bruce.
Miligen's battle to become famous proves the photoelectric effect.
After more than 20 years of waiting, he finally won the Nobel Prize!
At this time, someone with a heart suddenly discovered a rule.
"How come the Nobel Prizes in Physics in recent years seem to be related to Professor Bruce?"
After careful checking, everyone found that this was true.
Countless people talked about it with relish.
However, just as the impact of Miligan's Nobel Prize has not subsided.
An even more amazing piece of news spread throughout the physics community.
The Quantum Mechanics Conference has ended perfectly and the content has been announced!
Compared to the Nobel Prize, everyone cares more about this conference.
Because the Nobel Prize is from others, but the content of the Quantum Mechanics Conference belongs to all physics scholars.
Maybe someone will get inspiration from it and point to the next Nobel Prize.
Such things have happened more than once!
The moment when everyone in the physics community saw the minutes of the meeting, they were endlessly shocked.
"Hiss!"
"It's incredible!"
"Professor Bruce actually proved that wave dynamics and matrix mechanics are equivalent!"
"There are two versions of the orthodox of quantum mechanics!"
However, soon, countless people fell into a dullness and were extremely shocked!
"O God!"
"How is this possible!"
"There is a third kind of fluctuation in nature, probability wave?"
"How could the probability be a wave?"
"Is this still the wave equation I know?"
Until the end, God's question made everyone completely crazy!
"God rolls the dice!"
"The essence of the world is random!"
boom!
The physics community is sensation!
Everyone was frightened by the contents of the Quantum Mechanics Conference.
It is really the emergence of probability waves that subvert everyone's views.
At the end of physics, even the law of cause and effect was violated.
This is too incredible!
For a time, the entire physics community was discussing quantum mechanics and probability waves.
The hotness is unimaginable!
University of Cambridge, UK.
After seeing the minutes of the Taoist Conference, Wilson was shocked first, and then laughed from ear to ear.
"Hahaha!"
"Thirty years in Hedong, thirty years in Hexi, don't bully the lecturer's dishes!"
"In the end, the core achievements of quantum mechanics have to rely on the cloud chamber I invented!"
With the development of quantum mechanics and atomics, the Wilson Cloud Room has completely ushered in spring.
It has become an essential instrument for all high-end physics laboratories.
Particle bombardment experiments, cosmic ray research.
It is present in every field of physics.
Especially the Wu-Compton effect, it shines brightly.
Coupled with the current matrix mechanics, Wilson felt that the Nobel Prize in Physics was waving to him.
Vigil was overjoyed.
"It seems that I have to study quantum mechanics well."
"At the 50th anniversary, I have to explain the particle trajectory."
On the other side, the University of Aberdeen.
In the physics laboratory.
Thomson Jr. is coaching students on the final experiment.
The information from the Quantum Mechanics Conference on Taoism brought him unparalleled.
A certain desire in his heart has reached its peak!
"Probability wave?"
"What an incredible concept!"
"One word can change the physics community."
"That is the realm that physics scholars should pursue!"
"Senior Brother Bruce"
As the son of the famous Professor Thomson, little Thomson is a perfect second-generation student.
I received the top scientific education since I was a child, and when I grew up, I was even more instructed by famous teachers.
He even witnessed the legendary Professor Bruce's rise with his own eyes.
However, he made very little achievements in the field of physics.
Although he is now a professor, he is not a real physicist.
Because he did not shock the original achievements of the academic community!
So what if you learn from the second generation?
Faraday had never even read a book and eventually became a great scientist who was famous all over the world.
In the field of scientific research, wealth, status, and power are not the main factors for success.
Only human wisdom is the key to the birth of shocking academic achievements.
So little Thomson was once very disappointed.
But now, everything is different.
At this time, the student interrupted the little Thomson's thoughts and said excitedly:
"Professor, your guess is correct. You cannot use traditional crystals as diffraction grids."
"It is necessary to use extremely thin metal foil!"
Little Thomson was overjoyed and shouted "Okay" excitedly.
Since De Broglie published the material wave theory, many physicists have devoted themselves to verification.
There are many top experimental masters among them.
The principle of verification of matter waves is very simple, it is to discover the diffraction phenomenon of electrons.
But so far, no one has succeeded.
This is a little strange.
Thomson Jr. was also caught up in this problem.
The method he used was to use the electron beam emitted by the cathode ray as a source of diffraction "light" to pass through the crystal, and then display the diffraction results on the photographic base plate.
The principle of this method is feasible.
But after many trials, they all ended in vain.
Not to mention the diffraction pattern on the bottom plate, there is not even a root hair.
This made Thomson Jr. very puzzled.
"The method is fine."
Later, he had no choice but to ask his father Thomson for help.
As a result, the latter said directly: "Look for you Senior Brother Bruce."
Thomson Jr. understood what his father meant.
So he wrote to Professor Bruce, describing his experiment process in detail and asking for the reasons for the failure.
After seeing the news, Li Qiwei smiled slightly and replied:
"George, I think there are two reasons."
"First, the electron energy emitted by the cathode ray is low, so the penetration power is weak."
"The second is that traditional crystals cannot be made into thin sheets, making electrons easier to penetrate."
"Laue was able to succeed with traditional crystals because X-rays are essentially electromagnetic waves and have extremely strong penetration."
After receiving the letter, the little Thomson suddenly realized and felt like he had a treasure!
"Oh my God! Why didn't I expect it!"
He was not a fool either, and immediately thought of using extremely thin precious metal foil as diffraction crystals.
With the continuous development of quantum mechanics, the field of chemistry has also made rapid progress.
Chemists have a deeper understanding of crystals. Due to its atomic arrangement, metals are also divided into crystal categories, commonly known as metal crystals.
This also verifies Li Qiwei's prediction when he gave a speech in Germany.
So, the scene happened when the little Thomson talked to the student just now.
When the little Thomson saw the results of the experiment, he felt like he was light and as if he was about to go to heaven immediately.
I saw that on the photographic base plate, many rings formed by diffraction beams were clearly displayed.
This strongly shows that electrons can diffraction, that is, electrons have volatility!
He verified the material wave theory!
This is definitely a big event that shocked the physics community!
Especially when the conference on quantum mechanics theory just ended, Professor Bruce also proposed an incredible theory of probability waves.
Because the material wave theory is the basis of all the above.
Its importance can be imagined!
Little Thomson was so excited that he couldn't help but tremble.
He was extremely grateful to Senior Brother Bruce.
"I must thank my senior brother in person for the celebration in February next year!"
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Then, he became energetic again and said boldly:
"Let me present a gift in advance for the 50th anniversary of the Cavendish Laboratory."
On the other side of the ocean, the United States.
Alpha Lab.
Davidson came to the lab early and started his day's work.
As Richardson's doctoral and sister-in-law, he also received an invitation from Cavendish Laboratory.
This made Davidson very happy.
But at the same time, he was also a little worried about whether he would embarrass the tutor.
Look at Professor Bruce's doctorate, now they are all famous figures in the physics community.
But he was ordinary and had no outstanding academic achievements.
Most importantly, he is 42 years old this year, only one year younger than Professor Bruce.
However, Davidson had a good mentality and even said to himself:
"No one will mock me as an old man."
Then, he wondered why the laboratory president Wu Youxun asked him to discuss the results of the electron reflection experiment today.
Although the other party is young, his academic status is not low at all, so Davidson dares not rely on his seniority.
Before he came to Alpha Lab, his research direction was in the field of thermal electronics, which was also inherited from his mentor Richardson.
After coming, thanks to the loose environment of the laboratory, Davidson was able to choose research topics at will.
However, he still chose the field he is best at, thinking of producing some results as soon as possible to prove himself.
Two months ago, he studied the reflection phenomenon when electrons in vacuum tubes bombard the metal nickel target.
By chance, the vacuum tube suddenly burst, causing an oxide film to form on the surface of the nickel target, which could not be used continuously.
Davidson was relatively frugal. Instead of re-made a new nickel target, he chose to remove the oxide film.
So he heated the nickel target for a while.
However, after heat treatment, not only the oxide film is removed, but even the reflective electron performance of the nickel target is greatly improved.
This made Davidson very interested.
After his careful study and thinking, he finally found the reason.
It turns out that before the metal nickel target is heated, there are many tiny crystal surfaces inside, and after heating, it becomes a large crystal surface.
Therefore, the performance of the nickel target reflects electrons will be improved.
It’s like if a mirror is broken, then when it reflects light, it will definitely be very scattered, far less than a complete mirror.
Davidson was overjoyed, and this was a very good result!
He continued to go deeper and even used this method to create a piece of single crystal nickel.
Finally, he sorted out these results and submitted them.
He was confident that this original discovery was worthy of Wu Youxun's value and the salary of the laboratory.
Just as Davidson recalled his experiment.
Wu Youxun walked over with an extremely excited face.
He didn't even have time to say hello and said excitedly:
"Old Dai, you are going to be famous in the physics community!"
ha?
Davidson looked confused.
Although heat treatment changes the reflective performance of nickel targets is a good result, it is still a thousand miles away from Mingzhen physics.
He even doubted whether Wu Youxun had the wrong result of others.
"Uh, President Wu, are you making a mistake?"
Wu Youxun smiled even more, and he quickly took out Davidson's experimental data.
"This is an electron reflection experiment you used to do with a single crystal nickel target, right?"
Davidson took it and nodded.
"Yes."
"But it is the regular reflective data, what's there."
Wu Youxun smiled and guided:
"Look carefully, is there anything else here except reflection?"
Davidson was even more confused.
What I did was an electron reflection experiment. Can there be any other phenomena?
However, when facing the big boss, you still need basic respect.
"Let me see."
Soon, Davidson's face became a little wrong.
"Hey, what pattern is this?"
"Although the traces are light, I can be sure it is not a reflection."
"This"
"Hiss!"
"Why is this a bit like a diffraction pattern?"
"How can electrons diffraction?"
Davidson couldn't help but exclaim!
This is too strange.
At this time, Wu Youxun patted his shoulder and said with a smile:
"Old Dai, I have just participated in the Quantum Mechanics Conference."
"Material waves are the core of that meeting!"
"Even Professor Bruce's probability wave theory is based on wave-particle duality."
"Don't you understand yet?"
boom!
There seemed to be a thunder blew up in Davidson's mind.
"This is the wave-particle duality of electrons!"
"God! I actually proved the material wave theory!"
At this moment, Davidson even had the urge to cry.
He was so excited, so excited!
Although he knew the theory of matter waves, he never thought about studying it.
Just kidding, is that a field that ordinary people can access?
Davidson has self-knowledge. He is not a genius, and there will be no pie falling from the sky.
However, today, he was smashed by the pie.
He actually proved De Broglie's theory of matter waves without knowing it.
This is so surprising.
Suddenly, Davidson said solemnly:
"President Wu, thank you."
"Without you, I will miss this important achievement."
Wu Youxun said with a smile:
"Old Dai, please tell me to have a lesson."
"I'll talk about it later."
"The most urgent task now is to publish the paper quickly."
"This is not only about your honor, but also about the honor of Alpha Lab!"
Davidson focused heavily and the two looked at each other and smiled.
December 20, 1923.
The American Journal of Physics published Davidson's experimental results.
As soon as the paper was released, the physics community caused a sensation.
However, only three days passed.
December 23.
The journal Nature published another paper by Thomson Jr.
It caused another sensation!
Davidson and Thomson Jr. actually used two different methods to verify the volatility of electrons.
For a time, the entire physics community was amazed and countless people were envious.
The great world of quantum has arrived, and the wind and clouds are surging!
(This chapter ends)