Chapter 324: Idiot, what is important is economy!
The agricultural revolution has happened more than once.
The initial agricultural revolution may be traced back to the Neolithic Age, and then to the Bronze Age, Iron Age, Modern, Modern…
It can be said that every agricultural revolution is clearly related to the innovation of production technology, and will also drive a leap in population and agricultural productivity.
Nowadays, Gerris is going to stand in the Iron Age, look forward to the future, and promote another modern agricultural revolution.
Unlike the previous few times, the modern agricultural revolution has brought about earth-shaking changes to the world's political landscape.
It refers specifically to the agricultural revolution mainly in England, from about the 15th to the 19th century. The movement began with the enclosure movement and experienced various agricultural technologies innovations. The crops introduced from the New World of the Americas are considered to be one of the important factors of the industrial revolution.
Of course, the range 15 to 19 is just a rough statement and is not accurate.
From Garys' personal point of view, the agricultural revolution can be roughly divided into two stages.
One is the early process of land rights confirmation and privatization, that is, the land enclosure movement.
One is the explosive growth of agricultural productivity in the later stage.
What is little known about the enclosure movement is that the enclosure movement appeared in Britain as early as the fourteenth century.
By the end of the 15th and 16th century, the British aristocratic lords intensified the enclosure movement, not only violently deprived peasants of land, but also attacked the church land. Although the process slowed down due to peasant uprisings everywhere.
But when it intensified again in the late 16th and 17th century, the parliament simply approved legislation in the 18th century, and after the mid-18th century, this "legal" enclosure movement was further strengthened.
This land enclosure movement, which lasted for about 400 years, basically disappeared in the late 18th century, and replaced by large tenant farms that existed in capital operation. According to some statistics, 4/5 of the land in the United Kingdom is concentrated in the hands of less than 7,000 people.
These new landlords either operate themselves or rent the land to farmers for land rent. The purpose of their agricultural production is to earn more monetary capital, so they squeeze farm workers as efficiently as possible and cultivate as much land as possible with as few people as possible.
In this way, there will naturally be no surplus agricultural population that is prone to small-scale agricultural production model. Those surplus agricultural populations are driven into cities and will either successfully transform into non-agricultural workers, i.e., the proletariat, or they will be directly starved to death.
The other is the later outbreak of agricultural productivity, which also has a large number of detailed data records.
If 1500 years are used as the benchmark, by 1550, the per capita output of the agricultural workers increased by 30%.
By 1600, the per capita output of the agricultural workers reached 1.8 times that of 1500 years.
Later, when the time comes to 1750, it is more than three times that of the 1500-year era.
However, this still did not stop. In just a hundred years, in 1850, the annual output of a British agricultural worker was 5 times that of 1500 years.
In other words, in the 350-year range, without the birth of fertilizers and mechanized production, the output capacity of British agricultural workers increased by five times.
Specifically in agricultural yield per mu.
In the late 19th century, with the help of Chilean saltpeter and struvite, Britain successfully achieved a output of 26.69 bushels of wheat per acre. Converted into a Celestial unit, it means a full 239 kilograms per acre of land.
Even if the seeds are deducted, it will be 215 kilograms per mu of land.
This is a number far beyond the northern plains of the Heavenly Dynasty during the same period, and it also represents that England has become the country with the highest output value of agricultural workers in the world from a literal bitter and cold place.
Such a booming agriculture means a surge in the number of people supported by farmland, and the land enclosure movement forces the excess agricultural population to move to cities, providing the "fire and firewood" necessary for the rise of the industrial revolution.
The enclosure movement not only did not reduce food production in the UK, but also increased production efficiency.
Instead, England provided more and more surplus food, which could feed England's booming towns.
Various high-profit and value-added planting and animal husbandry industries also help agricultural capitalists accumulate funds quickly.
This primitive accumulation process of capital, full of violence and blood, is the beginning of the rise of British capitalism.
Garys' interpretation of the British enclosure movement is actually not new.
For most people in the classroom, these prophecies he made are knowledge that he had never been exposed to before, and can be said to be "Divine Revelation".
Naturally, Gerris would not follow the path of the British land enclosure movement directly. The path he really chose was similar to the collective farm reform in the Soviet Union.
Compared with the 400-year enclosure movement in England, the Soviet Union began to promote agricultural collectivization movement in 1927, and until 1933, it took only six years for the Soviet Union to clean up all the scattered small-scale agricultural production units.
But it's just a similar thing, not a copy.
During this period, Gerris also proposed a relatively simple and easy-to-understand mathematical model to deepen everyone's understanding of the importance of developing agricultural production in the classroom.
"Generally speaking, in the early stages of urbanization, agricultural labor production efficiency increased by 1%, and non-agricultural industrial labor could increase by about 2%. "
"This is a bit counterintuitive, but it is not complicated."
"Assuming that a total of 100 people in a fixed society can originally have 80 people to meet the needs of all agricultural and food, and after the agricultural production efficiency is increased by 100%, 40 people can meet the needs of 100 people, then the original 20 non-agricultural population can actually increase to 60 non-agricultural population. In this process, the non-agricultural population has increased by 200%.
This is based on the fact that there is no non-agricultural technological progress, and only relying on the growth of the non-agricultural population.
Once a certain amount of handicraft technological reform is mixed during the period, the driving effect of agricultural production progress on social progress is essentially an exponential expansion.
This also explains why even if the Industrial Revolution did not occur, Britain in 1800 had already embarked on the path of world hegemony.
Because in just three hundred years, if you calculate it roughly, the UK has expanded its national strength dozens of times.
How many people were under Gerris' rule?
Maybe it's 800,000, or maybe it's 900,000, but in short, it should be less than one million.
You should know that the Kingdom of Jerusalem has unified the three Crusaders and is in an unprecedented state in territory, so that there are so many people.
The Kingdom of Jerusalem also has a bizarre proportion of urban population, which leads to the agricultural population at best about 700,000.
The 700,000 agricultural population is simply unable to support the other 300,000 urban population. In fact, the Kingdom of Jerusalem needs to purchase food from Egypt and Syria for a long time to maintain its bizarre urban population proportion.
Considering the potential conflict with Egypt, for the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1190, improving agricultural production efficiency as soon as possible is essentially a matter of life and death.
And ten years ago, Garys emphasized in the classroom.
Lance implemented various inspections day and night, and urged farms in various places to carry out agricultural production reform. And ten years later, it finally blossomed and bear fruit, and in the autumn of 1200 years, an unprecedented harvest was ushered in.
When Yusuf came to Antioch with Gerris' letter.
Lance, the supreme ruler of Antioch, visited the rural areas of Antioch with a mission from Masyaf.
Over the years, Masyafburg, as the Western base of the Assassinites, has maintained a state of peace in relative peace with the Antioch Governor.
The so-called relative peace refers to Masyafburg, which does not perform any tasks within the sphere of influence of Jerusalem.
At the same time, the forces under Jerusalem will not take the initiative to cause trouble for Masyafburg.
This kind of mutual relationship does not last long when the other party does not exist.
It is really that Masyaf is too close to Antioch, and Antioch's achievements over the years are enough to shock them.
So, about a month ago, Masyafburg sent a dedicated mission to understand how Antioch developed over the years.
Why is it so exaggerated that it is enough to make them envious.
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A month ago, the mission first came to the small town on the edge of the Governor of Antioch.
Here, the mission of Masyafburg meets with observers who stay in the Jerusalem area.
This town is located in the Armanus Pass, in Baglasburg, and is the headquarters of the Antioch branch of the Knights Templar.
At the beginning, Renard successfully preserved his strength in the Battle of Galilee Sea, gathered the remaining defeated soldiers and fled all the way north, and finally arrived here.
The pass itself is guarding against the harassment of nomads.
Of course, after the Antioch branch leader participated in the rebellion, the Antioch branch of the Knights Templar was rectified by Lance, and the place was deprived of it from the Knights Templar.
On the summer of 1200, when Masyaf's mission arrived in Baglasburg, he met with Altaïr, who was responsible for observation in the Jerusalem area.
What they saw was a new town.
Due to the rapid development of Antioch in recent years, many war refugees in the surrounding areas have chosen to gather in Antioch.
In addition, there are already locals who have established a settlement similar to the Japanese castle model.
From here, we officially entered the Antioch rule.
This small town does not have many permanent residents, and apart from the weekly market days, it lacks a little anger. But no matter what, relying on Baglasburg, this town is the proper functions and departments of the county government where Baglas County is located, and it has all of them here.
Here, the mission also met with how the Governor-General of Antioch imposed transit customs duties.
"The amount of customs duties is not high. Generally speaking, if you pay the currency, you will get one in 20 yuan. However, for some special commodities, higher taxes will be formulated, and for some goods needed by the Franks, they will be exempted from taxes directly."
Altaïr briefly talked about customs duties to the members of the mission.
Mohammed, the deputy commander of the mission, noticed another detail, that is, no one bribed the tax collectors, and the tax collectors did not take the initiative to ask for bribes.
In Mohammed's view, this point can be described as magical.
For this reason, he had asked Altaïr for questioning.
And Altay's answer made him sigh: The Franks are so amazing!
"On the one hand, the tax revenue of the kingdom is indeed not high, and on the other hand, if someone reports bribery, the merchants will face large fines, and the tax collectors will also lose their jobs. This country, or the Paladin group, is right. They have absolute religious piety towards bribery, bribery, and even various improper income."
The absolute piety in religious beliefs is something that these Assassinists can understand, and what they are really surprised is why non-Paladin can do so.
Doesn’t this mean that even the marginal groups of Gerris’ beliefs are actually strongly restrained by the Order?
Altaïr gave a deeper explanation for this doubt.
The current Antioch has made strong rectifications against the tax collector group.
But not only does it strictly manage it, but the income of Antioch public officials is also quite expensive.
The tax collector they saw here may have an annual income of nearly eighteen gold dinars.
With the Paladin group as the backbone, being able to strictly supervise officials, coupled with the considerable salary, is enough to maintain a relatively unsevere level of corruption.
Afterwards, Altay took the mission and went to the market here.
The essence of the market is to facilitate commodity trading in areas with underdeveloped commodities, the surrounding areas agree on a time and place, and then gather together to communicate with each other at that time.
It can be said that the less developed the commodity economy, the more it needs to go to the market, but the frequency of going to the market is also extremely low due to the lack of commodities. However, with the development of the commodity economy, the frequency of going to the market is increasing, and the population who chooses to live in the market will increase accordingly, and finally develops into a new town.
When Western Rome collapsed, slavery also collapsed, or it was the collapse of slavery that led to the collapse of Western Rome. The original slave handicraft production relations collapsed, and those production towns dominated by slavery in the Western Roman Empire era also lost the cornerstone of existence.
From this era, Western Europe entered the so-called "dark medieval" and the commodity economy fell into a major regression due to the collapse of the old production relations.
However, with the advancement of the times and the development of productivity, new handicraft production commodities have continued to emerge, and markets sprung up like mushrooms after a rain around churches and castles. These are the origins of many European towns in later generations, and are also the reason why a lot of churches have cities.
The situation in Baglasburg is similar to that in the current situation, the large number of scattered settlements around require this emerging town under Baglasburg as the market location.
The Antioch Governor's Office relies on Baglasburg to provide a fair and safe trading environment to the surrounding residents, avoiding all kinds of illegal acts as much as possible.
When the town of Baglasburg appeared in this area as a service provider, it began to gather its population and expand and develop outward.
Especially when the market happens, you can feel the kind of vigorous and upward trend that is unique to emerging towns.
A large number of merchants from Antioch brought strange but very practical products to this border town.
(This chapter ends)