After the establishment of officials in the Ming Dynasty, some officials tried to break the limitations of the order and set up academies outside the official schools to get out of the institutional dilemma.
The academies built by the school officials in the Ming Dynasty included three types: government offices, sacrifices, and lectures. The most influential one was the academies of Jutu. Among them, the elite education achieved the highest achievements of provincial academies, which to a certain extent filled the provincial level gap in the official school system.
After the rise of Wang Xue in the late Ming Dynasty, Wang Junxue took advantage of the opportunity to serve as a school promotion official to spread new ideas by building academies, and introduced the lecture system to the official academies. Through the dual infiltration of ideas and systems, the teacher-student order in the official school system was dismantled, and the teacher-student order in the official school system was formed by the joint association of comrades.
At this time, the school officials who uphold the power to obtain scholars faced accusations of private delegation when selecting members of the lecture group, which in turn triggered Zhang Juzheng's academic and political reform in the early years of Wanli, and explicitly ordered the school officials to "not be allowed to create academies."
Since then, the school officials' actions of building academies to "priests" were hit and gradually changed to a function of "school scholars".
In the Ming Dynasty, after Mr. Wang Yangming proposed the "to achieve conscience" as the core, he believed that even foolish men and women were equal, and that his students, and scholar He Xinyin, who also opposed Zhang Juzheng, proposed in his book "Original Lectures on Original Learning", needed to be taught.
Lecture itself requires a place, which is academies. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, there are many academies and the style of lectures is prosperous. Scholars learn knowledge in the academies, inherit the style of the academies in the Song Dynasty, boldly discuss politics, and at the same time, they use the academies as the node to emphasize the friendship among the traditional "five relationships" and develop personal friendship.
The five relationships are the relationship between the king and the minister, father and son, brothers, husband and wife, and friends.
At that time, many famous scholars from many places joined the field of academy lectures and formed a deep friendship.
Such a force cannot be ignored by the court, especially some grassroots officials often participate in the activities of the academy. Some officials even brought the problems encountered in daily government work to the academy for discussion, and the readers decided how to deal with it.
Later, the opposition scholars gathered in Donglin Academy and exerted their great strength to influence the government. It was the accumulation of the subtle influence of academies on the government in various places.
Zhang Juzheng may have felt bad signs from the recent gatherings of Shilin Middle School, so he wrote the "Recommendation for the Old Rules to Invite Education and Government to Revitalize Talents".
However, Wei Guangde only heard about the Donglin Party and knew that Donglin Academy was very powerful, but he did not fully know how they gathered their strength and then developed steadily in the court, grew vigorously, and became the biggest cancer of the late Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, after seeing Zhang Juzheng's memorial, his first reaction was that Zhang Juzheng wanted to take revenge on Shilin.
"Brother Uncle, although this Taizu really requires scholars not to interfere in politics, he can create a private courtyard and give lectures. There seems to be nothing wrong with it, and he can spread wisdom."
"Shandai, you have not experienced it personally and cannot understand the harm of gathering together to teach in this way."
Wei Guangde hesitated to start, but was interrupted by Zhang Juzheng and began to explain the news he had heard from his disciples before.
When "snatching love", not only did the government and the public rebound fiercely, but the civil scholars also gathered, criticizing him for being greedy for power and lacking morality.
Zhang Juzheng believed that Wei Guangde had heard of these, so he was not afraid of peeling off the wound.
I have lost my face, but I can't dare not speak because of this. Even if I find the harm, I don't want to mention it because of my face.
Therefore, Zhang Juzheng explained the disadvantages of Shilin's participation in politics and policy-making one by one to Wei Guangde. After all, Wei Guangde had never encountered it, so it was difficult for him to understand this.
After hearing Zhang Juzheng's explanation, Wei Guangde couldn't help but think a lot.
In later revolutions, the sparks of stars were also spread through campuses, allowing a large group of students to join in and continue.
It was not until a great mentor saw that the scholar had failed to rebel for three years and instead guided the spark into a more vast rural area on the land of China that it finally turned Mars into a fire.
And what ignited this fire was the countless campus Mars.
"If the local scholars and forests are in a turmoil, will local parents be afraid that they will be coerced?"
Zhang Juzheng said the excitement and directly mentioned the areas that affected the government.
Originally, in Wei Guangde's view, local scholars should be under the control of the government, but when it comes to the Ming Dynasty's court stick, officials were willing to accept the court stick for their fame, and even enjoyed it. It can be imagined how officials would choose when the scholars were single-minded.
With the right hand on the coffee table, Wei Guangde was also thinking about the truth in Zhang Juzheng's words.
Gradually, he was moved.
"In the fifth year of Jiajing, Gui E, the Minister of Rites, said that he would strictly assess the candidates for academic officials.
In the 16th year, the predecessor of the Censor You Jujing impeaching Zhan Ruoshui for advocating pseudo-school and private academies, Sejong ordered the ban on the destruction of private academies and cracked down on the lecture activities of Wang Shouren, Zhan Ruoshui and others.
The following year, the second ban was carried out, and the finger was pointed at the "Pujian Officer".
The thirteen provinces' school officials are under the Censorate Department, which is naturally within the scope of warning, in fact, to prevent public opinion from kidnapping officials. ”
Zhang Juzheng continued to tell the countermeasures of the Jiajing Dynasty a few years ago, but decades have passed, and Shilin seems to have revived, and private academies have appeared in large numbers again, which is really a bad sign.
However, it was obvious that the policy of banning academies in the Ming Dynasty was unpopular. The two bans during Jiajing were of limited effect, and the momentum of raising school officials to establish academies did not decline.
In fact, the Ming Dynasty did not prohibit private establishment of academies. Almost all provinces exist. However, these academies were either circulated in previous generations and recognized by this dynasty, or after private creation, local officials reported to the court and received plaques from the court. Such academies do not belong to private entanglement and are considered to be recognized by the court.
In order to cater to local gentry, local officials are often willing to do this to show that they have made contributions to promoting culture and educating the people.
"Academies should be more important for scholars and imperial examinations, and should not be used to teach ideas, or even encourage each other to fight.
Just like the psychology and Neo-Confucianism in Jiangnan today, everyone gathers to give lectures and attacks each other, which makes it easy to get angry. ”
Zhang Juzheng used the current situation in Jiangnan as an example. The Ming Dynasty is now fighting hard with the Mind and Mind, and has even affected the imperial examination.
Which school of examiners are from? Often, the candidates are mainly based on this school, and they feel very tangled.
"Uncle, I have to think about this matter carefully. I can't answer you now."
Wei Guangde thought for a long time and felt that this matter had a great impact, so he still had to take a good idea.
Is it right to restrict Shilin from speaking out? From his current position, of course, he should support Zhang Juzheng.
But instinctively, Wei Guangde felt that he shouldn't have done this.
"The sound of wind and rain sounds and reading is heard, and family affairs and national affairs are concerned about everything in the world." This couplet is known to Wei Guangde, who has received nine years of compulsory education. It is usually used to educate people to be dedicated to reading and care about politics.
Why does it seem like something is wrong with this now?
Scholars should study. Don’t talk about what is there or what is not. You should care about the world and wait until you become an official.
Wei Guangde said goodbye and left the Chief Supervisor's room, and went straight back to his side, still thinking about this question in his mind.
Although he knew that if Zhang Juzheng was determined to do it, he would definitely be able to force this matter.
In the cabinet, the two cards can already control the cabinet's discussion, and even if he opposes, it will not be of much use.
However, once he opposes, the support from the government and the opposition will not be small, and he will treat him as the leader of the opposition.
However, with Feng Bao's help from the inner court, I think it can still be done by forcing me to pass the mark.
Wei Guangde has not yet settled down, after all, he has not read a copy of his memorial today.
This is performance. If you don’t finish the transferred memorial today, then tomorrow will be your own. It’s not a trivial matter if you accumulate your work. To be honest, many of the memorials of the Ming Dynasty, after half a year of disposal, will not affect the operation of the government, because nearly half of the memorials are nutritious reporting work, congratulations to the congratulations, there is no practical work at all.
However, the quick handling of memorials also shows the efficiency of the court and the cabinet, so we cannot ignore them just because the memorials are nothing.
It’s still necessary to read it, and the tickets must not be missing.
However, before Wei Guangde moved his footsteps to the desk, Lu Bu came in with a memorial outside the door before his seat.
The things sent in like this are actually the practice that the Sixth Department is anxious to deal with and cannot be delayed.
"What, where?"
Wei Guangde asked casually.
"Master, it is a document of the Ministry of War."
Lu Bu bowed and presented the documents with both hands.
Wei Guangde reached out to take it, quickly returned to his seat and sat down, and read it carefully.
It is not a big deal, but it is not small. It means that the Southwest has escorted the Burmese King and a group of Burmese tribe leaders to Beijing.
No mistakes, one song, one content, one in 6, one book, one bar, one reading!
Although there are still a small amount of remnants in Myanmar, it has no effect on the overall situation.
The main areas of Myanmar, such as southern Myanmar, have been firmly in the hands of the Ming Dynasty, and only western Myanmar and northern Myanmar still have remnants fighting internally to compete for the initiative.
The Ming Dynasty did not want to struggle to fight, and planned to wait until their internal strife was completed before Li Chengliang could send troops to suppress the attack, so that the losses could be minimized.
Take the opportunity to continue to train the Burmese army, so that they can become the main force to wipe out the remnants of the Touyu Dynasty in Myanmar.
Wei Guangde supported this strategy when he reported to the capital before.
He also gave the Burmese people to govern Myanmar. The mutual hatred of various Myanmar tribes is more conducive to the long-term stability of the Ming Dynasty.
However, in this matter, the matter is not considered as a matter that had been decided long ago, but how the court would deal with the rebels of the Burmese King.
Yes, Wei Guangde had long regarded the Ming Dynasty's conquest of Myanmar as the same nature as the domestic storm of rebellion, so that he could avoid the controversy that might arise in the future.
The Ming Dynasty must first kill Myanmar was included in the Ming Dynasty two hundred years ago, but the Ming Dynasty gave them high autonomy.
However, the Burmese King himself was committed to death, and the Ming Dynasty gave them benefits, but he was greedy and wanted to retaliate against the Ming Dynasty.
Of course, this is not considered as the Ming Dynasty's punishment without teaching, but the wolf's ambition is obvious and everyone can punish him.
However, when you reach Wei Guangde's position, you need to consider more.
How should we deal with the Burmese King family and those tribal leaders, or not?
It is absolutely impossible to let them go back to Myanmar.
He is not Zhuge Liang, so he is playing the trick of seven captures and seven traits. Maybe it's fun to take it off, and the trouble will be big.
The easiest way is to kill everyone and end it all.
However, Wei Guangde had to consider the consequences of doing so, and whether it would be detrimental to the Ming Dynasty's future rule over Myanmar.
As for the impact on other countries, Wei Guangde was not worried.
Perhaps, countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia will feel sad, but Wei Guangde feels that showing his power is better than showing his kindness.
If you don’t kill, it means exile, but where will it be exiled?
Liaodong? Or Xiao Liuqiu?
Thinking about the two years ago, the Ming Dynasty had just held a ceremony to offer prisoners and kill Wang Gao. Will you do it again?
After thinking for a long time, Wei Guangde did not make a decision.
The killing of Wang Gao was to intimidate the Jurchens in Liaodong. It was to suppress the rebellious intentions among the Jurchens, and to eliminate their intention to contact Mongolia.
In fact, the main reason for killing Wang Gao was that his contact with Mongolia made the Ming Dynasty intolerable.
Without thinking about what to do, Wei Guangde simply left the document and planned to talk to the cabinet parliament later to listen to the views of Zhang Juzheng and Zhang Siwei.
We still need democracy and cannot be a one-man rule.
In the past, most of the decisions made by the Ministry of War were Wei Guangde.
Not only did Wei Guangde suppress the memorial, Zhang Ju was also in a state of peace after Wei Guangde left.
In fact, he also knew that Wei Guangde was not so easy to accept.
Moreover, even Zhang Siwei and others had never shown them.
In Zhang Juzheng's eyes, if they showed it directly, even if they all chose to support it, they would be dissatisfied.
Wei Guangde's attempt made him even more convinced that there were probably many people among the court officials who were meaningful to this.
However, Zhang Juzheng made up his mind to force this matter, so he still planned to convince Wei Guangde first.
As long as Wei Guangde supports or defaults, no one else can cause any storm.
In fact, Zhang Juzheng saw further in order to rectify the academic and political affairs.
At this moment of the Ming Dynasty's imperial examination, he wanted not only to prohibit the scholars and the people from discussing politics, but also to rectify the academic style and to find ways to worship the unhealthy imperial examination.
From the Ming Dynasty to the present, corruption has been prevalent from top to bottom, and one of the drawbacks brought about is class solidification, especially fraud in the imperial examination.
Zhang Juzheng didn't say anything when he talked with Wei Guangde before, because he knew that Wei Guangde's eldest son had set off for Jiangxi and was preparing to participate in the imperial examination in Jiangxi.
Wei Guangde also made arrangements for this six months in advance, which was to adjust the academic and political education in Jiangxi.
Wei Guangde didn't say it, but Zhang Juzheng knew in his heart that he could say that he wanted to protect his son from a scholar's fame.
As for the provincial examination, it's still early, and maybe Wei Guangde will have other actions by then.
He can't refuse these things.
If Zhang Juzheng had said at that time that he wanted to rectify his academic style, Wei Guangde would have thought too much and might have firmly rejected this policy.
"Oh"
Zhang Juzheng sighed and felt very tired. Why was it so difficult for him to do something? (This chapter ends)