Chapter 479: The Tonghe in Tonghe Palace
The purpose of Zhang Juzheng writing the first volume of Class Theory was to explain his policies and gain consensus on the approval and implementation of the decrees in the Ming Dynasty.
As for the second volume, he did not advocate public printing, but mass distribution and spread everywhere. The first volume was completely sufficient for the current Ming Dynasty. The first volume made people aware of the existence of classes. and its injustice.
Zhang Juzheng’s opposition to the return of farmland was also based on the first volume. However, after writing the distribution of the second volume, Zhang Juzheng actually hoped that the return of farmland could be implemented.
With the gradual improvement of the engineering regiment and battalion system, Zhang Juzheng gradually realized that perhaps returning fields could really be implemented. Even if he could only implement part of it, he would have accumulated some foundation.
Wang Chonggu, who was in charge of this matter, showed his impatience. If it were not for the emperor and the Taifu, Wang Chonggu would immediately launch engineering regiment camps across the country to form the Xiang army of the Ming Dynasty and resettle the refugees. .
"Wang Cifu, the Ming Dynasty still needs some time, and we have enough time. At present, more than 80% of Dingkou in the Ming Dynasty are farmers. Although the proportion of commercial tax has exceeded 50%, 80% of the commercial tax is It comes from overseas plantations, city shipping companies, and government factories, rather than from the countryside." Zhu Yijun persuaded Wang Chonggu to calm down, not to cool him down, but to talk about the current situation in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yijun further said: "The Ming Dynasty is still dominated by small-scale peasant economy, with iron plows and oxen plowing, intensive farming, farming and the handicrafts of each household account for 90% of the output, and the rest is the output of manual workshops. Out, only 10% is occupied. The small-scale peasant economy is based on each household and is fragmented, and any disturbance may cause the small households to disappear."
"Wang Cifu, you said. What?”
“I’ve thought about it.” Wang Chonggu gradually calmed down and realized that things were not that simple.
The engineering regiment and battalion are not omnipotent, just like the original military garrison. Therefore, experience needs to be summed up in practice.
Being superstitious about a certain proposition or a certain policy that can solve all problems once and for all is an illusion and naivety in itself.
The Ming Dynasty's engineer regiment was destructive and a unity of contradictions. It could produce and destroy. Zhang Juzheng was worried about chaos on the one hand, and on the other hand, it would be a kind of arrogance. This posture will destroy the current stable production relations of the Ming Dynasty, which will inevitably cause labor pains. Try to reduce the labor pains to the point where everyone in the Ming Dynasty can bear it. This is what the Ming Dynasty must think about.
“It is true that the regiment-building method of the engineering corps camp is a more concentrated, larger-scale, and more liquid production method than that of small farmers. This is fatal to small farmers. "I ignored the contradictory unity of factory group building, only saw its good side, and also ignored the vulnerability of small farmers," Wang Chonggu said sincerely, realizing the terrible harm of promoting it now.
Farmers in the Ming Dynasty accounted for 80% of the total population. The goods produced by the farmers, whose men farmed and women weaved, were not worth mentioning in the face of large-scale collective construction.
This is true for any government decree. If the step is too big, huge problems will arise.
At present, the small-scale peasant economy in the Ming Dynasty is still the mainstay. How to gradually change in the continuation is in line with the current economic situation in the Ming Dynasty.
The concept of the unity of contradictions is not complicated. Such production relations existed extensively in the Ming Dynasty.
For example, owner-peasants, tenant farmers, and farm laborers, most of whom control a small number of acres or no acres, must rely on the virtuous rural gentry to acquire acres of land to cultivate and maintain their survival. Excessive land rent leads to excessively low labor remuneration. , making it impossible for the poor coolies to survive, and the rural gentry themselves do not have so many people to cultivate, and the abandoned land is also a waste for the rural gentry.
Then small farmers and landlords are a contradictory unity that are in conflict over grain rent, interdependent, and closely related.
For example, the gentlemen in the city hire short-term workers and long-term workers. The wages are a contradiction, but the interdependence between them is a unity.
This contradictory unity, like contradiction, exists widely.
The engineering regiment camp set off. There were only three regiment camps starting from Beida Camp, with only 36,000 people. These three regiment camps built four Chi Roads, and the remaining three regiment camps built Jingyun (Datong) Chidao, because Jingyun Chidao is the most difficult to construct, has the most complex working conditions, and has the largest altitude difference, so it requires three regiments and camps to be divided into three sections for construction.
There are a total of 100,000 people in the Beijing Camp. There are three cavalry camps, 12 chariot camps, and 18 infantry camps. Each cavalry camp, four chariot camps, and six infantry camps form a regiment. There are three regiment camps in Beijing camp, namely Wuzi regiment camp, Yaowu regiment camp, Fenwu regiment camp and Zhenwu regiment camp, which are controlled by Qi Jiguang, Li Rusong and Ma Gui respectively.
These three regiments and camps are organizational names, and the services under their jurisdiction are not always fixed. For example, in actual battles, if Li Rusong is the vanguard, he will be in charge of all cavalry camps, while Qi Jiguang’s Chinese army is mainly composed of In the Bu camp, Ma Gui, who is in charge of the rear, is mostly in the Cha camp. Only the Beijing camp can achieve this kind of flexible adjustment.
At present, the six engineering regiment battalions also have their own separate military numbers, which are called Yongzi regiment battalions, namely Zhong, Lie, Yi, Xiang, Xiao, and Ang. The first to third engineering regiments Camp, the Chi Road from Datong Mansion to Guihua City is being built.
Zhu Yijun watched them leave at Wuying Tower.
Pan Jitong was in Guihua City. Contrary to what he thought, Guihua City was not the pearl of the grassland outside the Great Wall. On the contrary, it was really simple and dilapidated. The city walls were not brick and stone walls, but adobe. , and the quality of the adobe was very poor, resulting in potholes in the city wall, and the city wall could not enclose more than ten miles. The city was not a single square, but a mess with border residents living in it, and there were not even decent streets.
If the Ming Dynasty is a small-scale peasant economy, then the grassland is a natural economy that is completely dependent on nature. If the God of Immortality refuses to grant a gift, it is a natural economy of death, which is extremely fragile. Nowadays, the faith and Buddhism on the grassland are more , and it is a tantric sect of great joy, which may make Changshengtian very angry, so the grassland without the gift becomes more and more barren.
Pan Jixun gained widespread recognition after beheading 1,300 members of the Huma Bandit Skinner Gang in public,
Sanniangzi, the chief envoy, has always wanted to ask Pan Jixun some questions, but she couldn't find him. Pan Jixun has been away from the city for more than ten days in a row, visiting various tribes. These small tribes are actually very similar to the villages of the Ming Dynasty. In comparison, tribes are more vulnerable. A snow disaster, a severe drought, or a plague will disappear without a trace.
Pan Jixun saw the greenery sprouting in the grassland, and returned to the Governor's Mansion in Guihua City in early March. It is said to be the Governor's Mansion, but it is just a house with two entrances and exits, but it is also a rare brick building in the entire Guihua City. Yes, it was also the Yamen built after the surrender of Guihua City.
“Governor Pan really put his own practice into practice, I admire him.” Sanniangzi only admired Pan Jixun. She left the courtiers in the Wenhua Palace of the Ming Dynasty to eat sand outside the Great Wall. It sounds as stupid as a missing piece of brain, but Pan Jixun's ability is one of the best even in the Ming Dynasty. He does not avoid the hardships of the dust and observes the people's sentiments personally, which really puts Sanniang to shame.
"I asked Mrs. Zhongshun. Mrs. Zhongshun didn't know anything. I could only go and see it in person." Pan Jixun wanted to arrange the work directly, but the third lady didn't know how many people there were in a certain tribe. How many livestock they had, where the pastures were, and where they wintered, they had no idea.
Sanniang Zi said slightly helplessly: "I don't know, and neither does Anda Khan... The grassland has always been like this."
The grassland is a feudal system, which is the same as the Ming Dynasty's county system. Completely different, Anda Khan managed only five Wanhu households that came to Bansheng for discussion every year, and his understanding of the various tribes under Wanhu's jurisdiction was not as detailed as that of the Ming Dynasty.
The stability of a completely natural economy is far weaker than that of a small-scale peasant economy, with insufficient output. The main contradiction of the entire grassland is survival.
Pan Jixun took off his mask and said with a strange expression: "Mrs. Zhongshun thinks what would have happened to the grassland if the Ming Dynasty had not attacked Bansheng?"
Sanniangzi shook her head in confusion. He shook his head and said: "I never thought about it. I don't know where my next meal will be after this meal. How can I have time to think about those problems."
The future is a very luxurious word. Only Ming Dynasty is qualified to consider long-term strategies. , the main consideration on the grassland is whether we can see the sun rise as usual tomorrow.
"The temple is a devil's cave, at least on the grassland." Pan Jixun said with confidence: "If the Ming Dynasty did not have kings transforming the grassland, the result would be male thieves and female prostitutes. You may not be convinced, but it will definitely be the case because the grassland is overgrazed. ”
Pan Jixun explained his logic in great detail. The complete instability of the natural economy has led to various grassland tribes attacking each other to compete for survival resources. In order to win the competition, overgrazing has become a problem. It is inevitable that livestock is needed whether for war horses, weapons, or in exchange for Ming products.
Overgrazing further aggravates the instability of the natural economy, because the grasslands are slowly disappearing, the grasslands are becoming desertified, and the grasslands are getting colder and colder, and the natural output is reduced. The final result is complete male theft and female prostitution. Men make a living by robbing, and most of these women will become prostitutes. The place where they make a living is the world temple.
The disease will definitely spread in the grassland, especially in Tantric temples where people gather. The disease will spread to the entire grassland through these magic caves.
This is the end of the grassland, the end that Pan Jixun saw after practicing hard.
It’s not that Changshengtian was angry because of the grassland people’s betrayal of their faith and surrendered to Buddhism, and that the Zibuyu had strange powers and chaos. The substantial degradation of grassland is related to human production activities.
Pan Jixun took out a handbook. This handbook is his practical observation. It contains the proportion of human and livestock land, pasture ownership, tribe size, captive management, handicraft sheep shearing and rough processing, and collection. Observations on markets, loans, taxes, etc. are observations that grassland carnivores never have.
Sanniangzi looked at the contents of the notebook. Although it was a bit messy, she could still find the main thread.
“Are all the officials of the Ming Dynasty so powerful?” Sanniangzi said blankly. Pan Jixun was much better than Wu Dui, Fang Fengshi and the like. Are all the officials of the Ming Dynasty so powerful? Even though they are so powerful, the Ming Dynasty only has two capitals and fourteen provinces?
Pan Jixun shook his head and said: "To be honest, it's not much."
Sanniangzi, this is a typical survivor bias. Pan Jixun should have been a young Sima. There were only a dozen or so young Sima and above in the Ming Dynasty. If Sanniangzi stayed in the capital for a long time, she would know that most of the bureaucrats in the Ming Dynasty were Confucians, and some The words he said during the interview made everyone’s scalp numb.
Your Majesty is such a magnanimous person, but he is often made dizzy by stupid remarks.
Pan Jixun took back the letter and said: "The size of livestock is expanding, the grasslands are shrinking, and there are more and more deserts and Gobis. Among the border residents in the grasslands, three out of ten women are suffering from the disease, and seven out of ten men are suffering from the disease. I have been a horse bandit, and the situation in the grassland is not optimistic."
"The areas under the jurisdiction of Guihua Prefecture must complete the confinement as soon as possible, and no longer have free grazing. The main thing is to raise sheep, and the land must be cultivated. Plant pasture, plant perennial pasture on the edge of the pasture to divide it, and collect compost from the manure in captivity.”
Sanniangzi was a little unconvinced. She actually wanted to say that it is not the grassland people’s fault. The Ming Dynasty banned it for more than two hundred years. , there is not even an iron pot to be found in the grassland, and the iron pot in the Central Plains is extremely expensive, a mouthful costs one or two seven cents of silver, and a large bag of 120 kilograms of wool only costs one or two seven cents. The reconciliation faction has become the main force in the grassland. , wanting to be naturalized in the Ming Dynasty is not groundless.
A few years ago, your Ming Dynasty was not much better!
But Sanniangzi didn't know how to refute it. What Pan Jixun said was true. The grassland was indeed rotten. She shook her head and said, "Then what to burn?"
"Coal." Pan Jixun took out the Kanyu Tu said: "Before this winter, the coal from the Datong Coal Field will be transported to Guihua City for distribution. You must be prepared. I will go to Shengzhou (Ordos) tomorrow to supervise the Shengzhou Coal Field and Chidao."
The cycle of the grassland has been destroyed. The excrement of livestock is originally nutrients. Only by cultivating pasture after composting can the cycle be formed. Because the grassland burns cow dung and the compost is insufficient, and the cycle is destroyed, there will be no possibility of captive breeding, and the grassland people are not stupid. , the reason why cities are built is to move from a higher-risk natural economy to a small-scale peasant economy, but work like farming requires material support.
Coal is the key.
Without firewood, it is impossible to settle down and live, so migration has become the main theme of the grassland people.
"The conflict between the Ming Dynasty and the Northern Lu made it impossible to mine coal in Datong Prefecture, which was harmful to the Ming Dynasty and the grassland." Pan Jixun looked at Sanniangzi and said: "I hope Mrs. Zhongshun can Continuing to maintain its own ideas, Ming Dynasty has the sincerity and ability to conquer the grassland. A stable border is also of great significance to Ming Dynasty, and a stable life is what the grassland people long for. "As early as the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Li The "Shui Jing Zhu" written by Daoyuan has described in detail the mining and utilization of Datong coal mines, and even recorded the magnificent sight of spontaneous combustion of coal seams. In the Tang Dynasty, the coal of Datong Prefecture had been transported along the official road. It was transported to Guanzhong and Luoyang by Yi Road and was widely used in iron smelting, money casting, sulfur refining, lime burning, brick burning, ceramic burning, wine making, pharmaceuticals, black vitriol refining, etc.
However, with the secession of vassal towns in the Tang Dynasty, wars broke out, and the mining and transportation of Datong coal was interrupted by the war. There was no record of large-scale mining of Datong coal in Song, Liao, Jin, and Meng. 480 years after the Yunliu Prefecture was lost, Datong in Yunzhong County finally returned to the hands of the Han people. However, the long-term war resulted in the failure of coal mining and transportation to fully develop.
Because Datong Prefecture is a war zone.
This is bad news for the Ming Dynasty and the grassland.
"It should be so." Sanniangzi nodded and said. It was her long-cherished wish for the grassland people to live a stable life, and she only had this long-cherished wish. Anda Khan was beheaded, and the children who were adopted in her name were killed together. Now I can rely on this long-cherished wish to survive.
She plans to adopt two more children as an explanation for herself.
"Don't Andahan know about the Shengzhou open-pit coal field? He can't mine the coal in Datong Prefecture, so why not mine the coal in Shengzhou?" Pan Jixun asked the question he wanted to ask.
Sanniangzi shook her head and said: "It's because I don't know, it's not that I don't mine. Prospecting is still too difficult for us prairie people."
Is it because An Dahan doesn’t want to? He doesn't even know how to pick it?
Many things that were taken for granted for the Ming Dynasty were all fantasy for the prairie people. Look for the dragon to share the gold. Look for the Miao Yin from the topography, veins, hydrology and geography, and then find it through the Miao Yin. Mineral dragon is easy to say, that is, it is easy for Ming Dynasty.
There are no professionals in that field in the prairie.
Qi Jiguang's direct descendants are miners, and they are all old craftsmen. During the expedition, you will feel that there are big goods in this mountain, but to the grassland people, they are all mountains, and there is no difference between mountains and mountains.
Songjiang School talks about scale, vertical scale and horizontal scale. Sanniangzi has also heard of it and paid attention to it. After all, as the top carnivore in the grassland, she can still buy Dibao and Zabao. In other words, there is no scale for prospecting.
Pan Jixun understood.
“I saw that the gate of Guihua City has no name yet. The gate to the east is called Tonghe Gate.” Pan Jixun organized his notes and talked about the gate of Guihua City. The name thing.
“Tonghemen?” Sanniangzi asked doubtfully.
"The Tonghe of Tonghe Palace." Pan Jixun nodded and said.
Sanniang's eyes widened, she was stunned for a moment, and she squeezed out two words from between her teeth: "Fuck!"
In terms of Tonghe Palace's ability to flatter, even if the grassland chases after thousands of years, it may not be the opponent of the Central Plains. This is simply picked up easily, completely natural, a simple sentence, full of loyalty!
If we want to discuss the vertical and horizontal scale of flattery, it is difficult for the grassland to be a rival. After all, there have been many, many people in the Central Plains throughout the dynasties, so there are many flatterers, and the skill of flattery is very strong.
Pan Jixun began to communicate with the officials of the Ministry of Industry to naturalize Chidao in Datong. This section of the road is not difficult to repair. There are three engineering regiments and more than 30,000 people. It can be completed in early June. Arrangements are made After finishing the important matter, Pan Jixun packed up his things and prepared to go to Shengzhou in Shuofang Prefecture. He planned to go and visit in person.
Pan Jixun traveled from narrow areas to wide areas. While he personally visited and investigated, he also sent commanders and generals to lead his troops to explore in detail to learn more about Suiyuan's population, education, religion, and customs. , transportation, farms and pastures, tenancy, types of agricultural and animal husbandry products, compost, fruits, household handicrafts, agricultural products trading, markets, etc. Only by understanding these contents can we have a comprehensive understanding of the situation in Suiyuan, and then Formulate political orders according to local conditions.
This is a very, very tedious job.
Pan Jixun’s work was already very troublesome, so Qi Jiguang was actually even more troublesome. During this period, the elite soldiers of the Beijing camp were spread out throughout Suiyuan, and they only did one thing, and that was to suppress bandits. The suppression of bandits was really It is very difficult. This is not because the elite soldiers of the Ming Dynasty's capital camp are not strong enough, but a problem of marching.
For example, when keeping time on rainy days, there is no sun. Before the Ming Dynasty began to imitate the small Thai clock "Nuremberg Egg" in precision manufacturing, the marching timing used the bead counting method, which means counting two strings of beads and using two strings of beads. , counting 6225, is one hour.
Every ten miles, a trumpet blast will sound, and we will stand at our feet. Sound the gong and sit and rest for a moment or two.
That is to say, the Ming army had to rest for two-quarters of an hour every ten miles. How to measure miles? How to count steps? How to count beads? This is applied mathematics.
Planning involves rest, timing involves living and cooking, and the most important thing on the march is setting up camp.
Later, with the invention of the measuring stroller and the large open tube watch invented by the Imperial Academy of Sciences, it became much simpler.
Even timing is so troublesome, let alone others. Military affairs are no less complicated than general affairs, and because they are the most intense conflicts, they are even more difficult to resolve.
But these things turned into a few words in the hands of the historians of the Ming Dynasty. Jiguang led the troops in Jingyingping to suppress the bandits, and shocked the grassland.
Qi Jiguang didn't care about this. No matter how busy the military affairs were, it was better than having no battles to fight. There was no need to write down these tedious tasks in the history books. They were all things that should be done. Compared with the tedious military affairs, Qi Jiguang hated the conflict between people and ghosts, which was meaningless internal strife.
Qi Jiguang, who was in Wuyuan Prefecture, turned a large number of prisoners of war into slave camps and sent them to Shengzhou and Womagang for mining. Li Rusong was commanding the front line of Womagang, and Qi Jiguang chose Complete delegation of authority.
The process of suppressing the bandits by the elite soldiers of the Ming Dynasty did not go well in the early stage, and the losses were huge. After the expedition to the Hetao was decided, the Ming Dynasty's Jingying camp attacked in units of one hundred teams and suffered more than one hundred losses. Ruizhu, this loss made Qi Jiguang very heartbroken, mainly because the environment outside the Great Wall was completely different from that in the hinterland.
The banditry in the hinterland of the Ming Dynasty was mainly composed of poor coolies who could not survive, and many of them worked part-time. At the end of the year, the landlords came to collect debts, and if they did not want their children to bear the debt, they could only look blank. A fallen grass becomes a bandit, but the horse bandits in this grassland are professional bandits. It can be said that there are no strongholds in the entire Yinshan Mountains, no strongholds are not free of bandits, and they are military bandits. Many of these bandits make a living by plundering all year round.
In the early days of the suppression of bandits, the main focus was on appeasement. Soon, the strategy was adjusted to focus on suppression. This allowed the suppression of bandits to proceed smoothly, but the problem was that more than 20,000 people were captured. , Qi Jiguang did not waste these prisoners, they are all new forces for mining.
After nearly half a year of suppressing bandits, Hetao finally regained some peace. Those who resisted to the end were all treated with firecrackers and artillery. In the process, Qi Jiguang gradually discovered that the squatting tiger cannon was extremely useful. , it can be said that the medicine cures the disease.
The Nine-Pin Artillery is very powerful, but it is installed on a side chariot. The carriage camp cannot travel on the rugged roads, and it is not easy to enter the mountains. However, the Tiger Crouching Artillery can be carried by one person. It has become a powerful weapon in suppressing bandits. The centurion has ten squatting cannons. When encountering a cottage, they line up in a line. After several consecutive bombardments, the gunmen line up and move forward. They kill the enemy very efficiently. They usually fight It can be over in half an hour.
Ma Gui led the Zhenwu regiment and once swept through seventeen villages in one day and captured more than 2,700 people.
"Your Majesty has sent another 100,000 jins of gunpowder..." Liang Menglong walked into the big tent. The emperor's gunpowder in the capital camp was not enough, so another 150,000 jins of gunpowder were transported from the capital along the Chi Road. , 50,000 jins of which were handed over to Xuanda Governor Wu Baipeng, and the remaining 100,000 jins have all arrived at Wuyuan Mansion.
“The 200,000 kilograms of gunpowder last winter haven’t been used up yet.” Qi Jiguang held up his forehead. These 100,000 kilograms of gunpowder cost at least 50,000 silver. If they were transported to the front line, they would cost at least 55,000 taels of silver. Yes, the gunpowder came with the supplies. Your Majesty really did not treat the front line badly. He provided food and explosives and the supplies were very abundant.
Liang Menglong said with a smile on his face: "The large-scale bandit suppression has come to an end. These 100,000 kilograms of gunpowder should be used to open mountains and mines."
Gunpowder is needed to open mountains and build roads. Especially in some rugged places, mining also requires gunpowder. Gunpowder has extremely wide uses. There is no possibility that it cannot be used. It can only be said that His Majesty has never been stingy with Jingying.
"Pan Butang went to Shengzhou and did not come to Wuyuan Mansion." Liang Menglong asked in a low voice: "Is Pan Butang deliberately avoiding meeting Qi Shuai?"
"Both of them have received imperial edicts to act expediently. When we meet, who listens to whom? Just don't meet." Qi Jiguang nodded and said: "In this matter of suppressing bandits, he, a scholar, has the kindness of a woman, but it is troublesome. , it’s okay if you don’t come.”
“Pan Butang killed 1,300 prisoners in Guihua City a few days ago.” Liang Menglong smacked his lips, this Pan Jixun is really ruthless.
“Huh?”
Qi Jiguang also just received this news. Is this scholar so murderous? Just after leaving the fortress, there was such a big movement. Who is the warrior?
The five thousand people Qi Jiguang killed in Bansheng were desperadoes who took advantage of the war to rob and rob the grasslands. After that, most of the prisoners were turned into slave camps to mine.
Liang Menglong explained in detail, and Qi Jiguang nodded and said: "I see, then we should kill him. If we don't kill him, we can't convince the crowd. Then our prisoners can be safely handed over to Pan Butang, Cibu If the commander is a ruthless person, then he must beware of the prisoners gathering and causing chaos. "
Beyond the Great Wall is not a hinterland, let alone a safe haven. Rouren here will be in harm's way.
“Bad news came from the capital.” Qi Jiguang sighed and handed His Majesty’s letter to Liang Menglong.
“I had known this, Pan Butang is one of the very few people after all.” Liang Menglong said with an extremely embarrassed look on his face after reading the letter in his hand.
The Emperor of the Ming Dynasty issued an order for people with merit and fame to sign up to come to Suiyuan to serve as officials. He gave generous treatment and the promise of promotion in three years, which was similar to the original recruitment of people with merit and fame to Lu Just like the Song Dynasty, no one announced the list.
No one wants to come to such a bitter and cold place. The Beijing camp has been defeated and the bandit suppression has come to an end. Even the military guards on the three sides have begun to move out to Hetao, but there is a lack of civilian officials.
"Cowardly people! I'm ashamed to be associated with them!" Liang Menglong slapped the table and said angrily. The reputation of scholars has been lowered by these stupid pigs.
(End of this chapter)