Chapter 487 Ignore what is going on outside the window and only focus on cultivating the barren fields
Lin Fucheng used the theory of freedom to kill Yang Tongshan, exposing Yang Tongshan's hypocrisy.
"You, you, you!" Yang Tongshan pointed at Lin Fucheng and said "you" three times in a row, and there was nothing more to say. A state of the people is a banner, which is the vertical development of the Ming Dynasty. By now, a consensus had been formed. Yang Tongshan had prepared a lot of words, but he could not withstand a sharp question from Lin Fucheng.
"What are you!" Lin Fucheng took a step forward and said sternly: "Isn't it that I don't want you to ride on the heads of the people and lord it over you? Look at you, you look like you are mourning for your heir, why, you have a lot of money for the people. , Are you feeling distressed? The imperial court certainly has problems with the imperial court, but at least the imperial court is now much more free than you stubborn rotten Confucians!” If you don’t allow private casting, will your wealth be cut off?”
The Ming Dynasty court had freedom. It had organized Emperor Taizu and Taizong from the beginning of the country. On the contrary, if the court made the slightest move, the humble Confucians would take care of it. They hold various banners and oppose for the sake of opposition. This cannot be done and it is inconsistent with the three generations above, and that cannot be done is in conflict with the ancestral laws. It is just a bunch of rotten Confucians who do nothing.
As for the matter of minting money, the Ming Dynasty either completely liberalized it and allowed free currency competition, or completely banned it to avoid the dispute between good and bad coins.
The only solution is to completely let go of copper-free and completely ban it.
“Speak!” Lin Fucheng saw Yang Tongshan hesitating and said sharply.
"The supply of money law is insufficient. The Wanli Tongbao cast by the imperial court is not enough for civilian use. Why are you avoiding talking about it." Yang Tongshan thought quickly and immediately found a foothold. Qian Huang found a point to refute.
The imperial court does not cast enough, and private castings are not allowed. What kind of court is this?
Lin Fucheng walked up to Yang Tongshan with a look of disdain on his face, and asked loudly: "Why are you here!"
"I didn't pass the imperial examination, but You scholar-bureaucrats who have passed the imperial examination are talking nonsense! Why is the supply of money and law insufficient? The imperial court has eleven copper mountains in Luzon and a large gold and silver copper mountain in Womagang. At this time, you should go! Eating the emperor's salary but not being loyal to the emperor, isn't it just that Luzon is too hot and Suiyuan is bitterly cold? "
"It costs copper to make money! We don’t have copper in the Ming Dynasty! If we don’t turn these places into kings, how can we get enough copper coins from the sky?”
“Ah?”
Lin Fucheng almost roared. When they came out, the craftsmen, school captains, and government officials who were watching looked at Yang Tongshan with thoughtful expressions on their faces.
These days, in order to solve the problem of the Suiyuan branch, the imperial court really said all the good and bad things, and did all the things before recruiting just enough scholar-bureaucrats to go there.
Lin Fucheng had no fame, neither received imperial rations nor received preferential treatment in judicial or taxation. These Jinshi candidates, but everyone received imperial rations and received judicial and tax privileges from the court. But he only wanted to show off his power, ride on the heads of the people and dominate, and the court recruited some scholar-bureaucrats to go to Hetao, which was all difficult.
Lin Fucheng, the leader of the Songjiang School, once again lifted the fig leaf, letting everyone see clearly what kind of monsters these scholar-bureaucrats were under the banner of Confucian benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom and trust.
"Country man, I won't argue with you! It's an insult to gentlemen!" Yang Tongshan knew that he couldn't say any more. If he continued, he would be humiliated by Lin Fucheng. He tossed his sleeves, hid his face and walked away, regretting that he had signed up. No.
Lin Fucheng watched Yang Tongshan walk away in embarrassment, and shouted loudly: "I will write today's events on Xiaoyao Yiwen, so that everyone can see the style of scholar-bureaucrats, plus the previous demon books, they will complement each other!"< br>
“Hahaha!” The crowd burst into laughter again. I don’t know who made the demon book. It was full of pictures and texts. It really opened the eyes of ordinary people to see clearly. Help clear the filth behind the flow.
"Who wants to chat with me?" Lin Fucheng looked around for a week.
"Me!" A Confucian scholar stood up and said loudly.
"Who are you?"
"You are a native of the Imperial Academy, and you are an unknown person." This Confucian scholar absorbed the experience of Yang Tongshan's defeat, and simply did not sign up until he won. , there is no shame in losing.
Lin Fucheng nodded and said: "Oh, if that's the case, then let's call you talentless."
The talentless Confucian scholar choked and gathered with Lin Fucheng to talk. It was obviously a mistake. Choice, this guy is really good at arguing, and his free fallacy really makes more sense and confuses people.
"Lin Fucheng, why do you support the third-level schools? What you teach is heresy!" The untalented Confucian scholar was not prepared to dwell on such side details and went straight to the point.
Lin Fucheng's anecdotes about the importance of the third-level schools in the Ming Dynasty were lavish praises. He wished that Wang Chonggu could be molded into a virtuous minister who helped the country. It was extremely flattering.
However, the scholar-bureaucrat class did not recognize the third-level schools and regarded the content taught in the schools as heresy.
The reason why Zhang Juzheng monopolized the lectures was because the academicians in the court had completely different understandings of heresy, so Zhu Yijun chose to let Zhang Juzheng lecture alone. The lectures were too confusing, and it was better to just listen to one family's words, Zhang Juzheng's definition of heresy , these are those theories about strange powers and chaotic gods.
But the definition of heresy by scholar-officials is very broad, including the theory of contradictions, production diagrams, public and private discussions, class theory, arithmetic, looking for dragons to divide gold, leading stars across oceans, astronomy, medical skills, historical essentials, etc. , are all heresies, except for the Four Books and Five Classics, they are all heresies!
"Shi Yaobian" was written by Liang Menglong, the Minister of Civil Affairs of the Ming Dynasty and the Military Affairs Governor of the Beijing Camp. This chronicle of history books spans three dynasties to the early years of Wanli. It is a brief history, compiling the major events that have happened in the past dynasties. It was formed, and then made a certain judgment based on the theory of contradiction and class theory.
After the "Shi Yao Bian" was compiled, Liang Menglong sent it to the Quanchu Guild Hall and asked Mr. Zhang Juzheng to correct it. Zhang Juzheng sent it directly to the palace and became the little emperor's textbook for reading history books. Now the emperor has It was taken out and given to the school.
Children in the third-level schools need to be able to read and hyphenate, simple addition, subtraction, multiplication and division and some Tianyuan Shu (equations), while the second-level elementary school students have to learn "Shi Yaobian".
According to the view of the corrupt scholars of the Ming Dynasty: in the "Book of Secretaries", the rule of two emperors and three kings is as bright as the sun and stars, and the rest can be ignored, which is not too omitted. In the Spring and Autumn Annals, the actions of the two hundred and forty years are clearly understood, and the rest can be discussed (lún, compiled and recorded) without discussion.
Wan Shihe was ashamed to tell His Majesty the Emperor that he did not read history. For this reason, he ruthlessly studied history. Now he is an indispensable tool for the Ming Dynasty.
Wang Chonggu’s third-level school is simply heretical and deviant! This is the consensus of the scholarly literary circles. It is enough to read "Book of History" and "Spring and Autumn Annals". Why should we read "Shi Yaobian"?
Lin Fucheng looked at the untalented Confucian scholar with sympathetic eyes, sighed and said: "You are really stubborn, but if you read the theory of contradiction a little, you won't say such stupid things. .”
"Yes, you, a supervisor of the Imperial College, are ignorant, that's what I say!"
Criticizing the scholar-bureaucrats for being ignorant, I have to say that Lin Fucheng really dared to say anything. This is in line with the Songjiang School's views on freedom.
“You are the stupid one!” The untalented Confucian scholar shouted at the top of his lungs.
He broke his guard. The word "stupid" refers to lack of knowledge, stupidity and ignorance of things. He only sees the faults of others but does not know his own faults. It is called ignorance. It is mostly used to describe the villains who are the most despised by the scholar-bureaucrats. People who are professional and have little opportunity to gain access to knowledge.
Criticizing a scholar for being ignorant is equivalent to scolding him for having lived in vain.
“Tsk, tsk, tsk, tsk.” Lin Fucheng smacked his lips with as much disdain as he could. He said with surprise, “Are you in a hurry? You see, you are in a hurry.”
"Don't be impatient, I will tell you bit by bit. In those days, the Master took his disciples to travel around the country, and gathered with various schools of thought to gain the best of them and use them for my own use. I learned their strengths, took their essence and discarded their dross. , It’s not a bad idea now, and I always attach the word heresy to knowledge. If Master saw the Confucian scholars of today, I would be very upset.” "Master Yan."
"Even Yang Zhuzhi's theory has something to say about life and death, and light wealth and honor. If you come to this, it's heresy that you don't agree with!" Do you value yourself only? Only you are noble, and only my interests are supreme. If you pluck a hair and benefit the world, you don't do it. But as for the next sentence, if you take a hair and harm the world, you don't do it, and you won't mention it. Right?”
“Today’s Confucianism is even more selfish than Yang Zhu’s theory in the past. How strange is this!”
Yang Zhuzhi's theory has been criticized by hundreds of schools of thought for valuing oneself and only oneself, but today's Confucian scholars are worse than Yang Zhuzhi's theory.
"It's nonsense! It's simply nonsense." The untalented Confucian scholar realized that he had fallen into Lin Fucheng's words. In a flash, he realized something was wrong and said loudly: "What we are discussing It's a matter of the third-level school, don't ramble!"
"Don't worry, didn't I tell you why you are stupid first?" Lin Fucheng said cheerfully: "I just need to explain it clearly! Why are you so stupid to explain why I support the third-level school?”
“The world is huge and there are many people. It’s not just the small piece of sky you see when you sit at the bottom of the well, it’s the whole sky. Sitting in a well and looking at the sky is just like being a frog in a well."
"Why do you think those words are useless? Have you ever read them? No, so you think they are useless."
< br> "Why are you a frog in the well? Because you close your eyes and cover your ears, refusing to see or hear the changes in the world. You hold on to the rule of two emperors and three kings thousands of years ago, shining like the sun and stars all day long. If you are not stupid, who is stupid?”
“Change, do you know what change is? Nothing remains the same. Old classics and stories cannot solve the problem. They are just like you, closing their eyes and covering their ears. , Did you think you didn’t see or hear the question?”
“They are all as ignorant as you!”
Lin Fucheng explained in detail why he wanted to scold the untalented Confucian students as ignorant. He explained the necessity and inevitability that as the world changes, culture must also change.
"Do you have anything else to say?" Lin Fucheng asked with a smile.
If an untalented Confucian scholar wants to refute these words, he must first refute a basic fact. The world is changing, and he must find something that remains unchanged. But it seems that this world has never been static, so what he does with the goal of being above three generations is Daydreaming is also true, so cheap Confucianism is ignorant and should be swept to the garbage heap.
With so many people watching, using strong words to make excuses will only make people laugh.
"You humiliate me!" The untalented Confucian scholar looked excited and was about to rush over. He shouted and was about to rush in with the Confucian scholars who came with him and smashed Guangde Bookstore.
Lin Fucheng was startled and was about to hide back, but the government officials stood in front of everyone with their killing sticks and kept knocking on the ground. The sound of 'mighty' kept coming. As the Qingtian parent officer of Shuntian Mansion, Wang Yi'e has set the rules: it is okay to quarrel, but not to fight.
When Lin Fucheng saw this posture, he immediately put his hands on his waist. He was so proud that he shouted loudly: "Who else is there!"
Lin Fucheng's mouth is really too mouth-watering. It's poisonous. Scholars curse people with dirty words. Although Lin Fucheng didn't say a single curse word, he slapped people in the face, cursed people and exposed their shortcomings. They all went to the fatal point. This cheap scholar was a little flinched for a while, and the Yamen servant's killing club was still there. A very intimidating Confucian student with thin skin and tender flesh cannot bear to eat ten sticks at all.
"I have a question." A lean man came out and said.
"Who is coming?" Lin Fucheng still looked down upon others. "The unknown Hou Yu Zhao." Hou Yu Zhao's smile was very peaceful, which was incompatible with the Confucian scholars around him. Mainly because of his unruffled majesty, which made people shy away.
"It turns out to be Hou Yu Zhao. I really didn't recognize him for a long time... Hou Yu Zhao? Liaodong Patrol Censor Hou Yu Zhao?!" Lin Fucheng looked indifferent at first With an expression on his face, he planned to do the same thing again, but halfway through his words, he realized who the person in front of him was.
The civil servant who controlled Li Chengliang, the backing of Li Chengliang's expansion in Liaodong, and the loyal monarch Yu Zhao appointed by Emperor Tianyu Lunyin of the Ming Dynasty.
"Ah? Do you recognize me?" Hou Yuzhao was really surprised. He had been away from the capital for nine years, and he came back once to report on his work. After staying for a few days, he returned to Daningwei. Transferred to Liaodong, this time he returned to Beijing to receive the reward.
Every year Li Chengliang expanded his territory, the emperor would definitely give him a reward. Hou Yuzhao received this reward by returning to Beijing to report on his work.
I didn’t expect that someone would know my name.
"The name of Hou Yushi is really loud and clear! The fifth-class merit medal is a sign of being outstanding in the world!" Madman Lin Fucheng bowed respectfully, which was regarded as a courtesy, but he was doing practical work. Xunli.
Hou Yuzhao smiled and said: "Master Lin, you are too polite."
"He is just a crazy man who shows off his power of words. How dare he call himself a master? Hou Yushi is so flattering. " Lin Fucheng hurriedly bowed his head and said. He just has a big mouth and doesn't even have the ability to propose solutions, let alone implement them.
It also confirms Wang Yi'e's words. Anyone who has some ability has already received a job as a supervisor and gone to make a career. How can he have the time to make noises with the cheap Confucians.
"Master Lin, I have a question." Hou Yuzhao looked at Lin Fucheng and said, "I just listened to you talking to others. What you said is not just freedom."
"That's true. , and equality." Lin Fucheng said very excitedly: ""Shang Shu·Hong Fan" said: No partiality and no party, the king's way is unruly; no party and no partiality, the king's way is equality."
< br>
""Guanzi: Interpretation of Situation": Heaven is fair and selfless, so the good and the evil cannot be ignored; the earth is fair and selfless, so the small and the big cannot be ignored. Therefore, the sky is fair and the earth is equal."
"The Book of Dharma" says: There is no distinction between relatives and strangers, no distinction between high and low, once the law is broken, the prince will be guilty of the same crime as the people! If you show favoritism to others, you will lose the law. All are equal before the law."
"Yihou Censor. For example, when a husband is an official, he puts fairness and equality first. If he is public, he will not be confused by private interests, and if he is honest, he will not be tempted by evil. Anyone who acts in an evil and private manner is unfair, unfair, and unfair."
< br>Lin Fucheng got a little stuck when he said this. He hesitated for a while and had to scratch his head and said: "I just came up with something. What I said is confusing, not systematic, and there is no logic at all. It's nonsense, please ask Hou Yushi Haihan."
Lin Fucheng only talks about freedom, which he is familiar with, but equality is something he has only recently understood from the abolition of humble status in the Ming Dynasty. There is no structure and it sounds a bit chaotic.
"I understand, Master Xie Lin cleared up the confusion." Hou Yuzhao thought for a long time before thanking Lin Fucheng for helping Hou Yuzhao.
"Huh?" Lin Fucheng, a crazy man, had been crazy for a long time. At this moment, he felt a little confused. He didn't understand. Did his nonsense really help Hou Yuzhao? Or is Hou Yuzhao being polite?
In fact, Lin Fucheng misunderstood. If Hou Yuzhao had this self-restraint, he would not have gone against the grain. He was sincere and sincere in pioneering in Liaodong. Some problems confused him. He passed by here today. , I heard that there was something fun to watch, so I joined in the fun, and sure enough I came to the right place.
The capital of the Ming Dynasty is indeed Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon!
"Many days of doubts have disappeared. I really understand, Master Xie Lin." Hou Yuzhao thanked him again, just to tell Lin Fucheng that his immature idea was really useful to Hou Yuzhao. .
"It's a great honor." Although Lin Fucheng didn't know the specific help, he couldn't help being happy. Although he was speechless, Xunli said that these things he had been talking about all day long were useful, which still made him ecstatic.
Hou Yuzhao chose to leave, and the siege in front of the bookstore slowly dispersed. He could not be beaten, smashed, or scolded. If he continued to stay, he would be asking for his own consequences. disgrace.
"Governor Hou!" Wang Qian took two hurried steps and greeted Hou Yuzhao.
"I am just the censor, not the governor. I have been in Liaodong for a long time. May I ask if I am an old friend?" Hou Yuzhao looked at Wang Qian. He was dressed in silk and satin, draped in gold and silver, and around his waist. The jade pendant was worth a lot at first glance, and he looked wealthy. He was followed by more than a dozen servants, so he obviously came from a wealthy family.
"I'm not an old friend. My father is Wang Chonggu, the Minister of the Ministry of Justice and the Second Assistant. He is the Yushi of Qiandu, and Wang Qian is in charge of Yanxing Tower trading." Wang Qian quickly introduced himself. He was very interested in capable people. Practical people are respected. Yao Guangqi used to be an enemy. He looked at people with his nose and ridiculed them. Now Yao Guangqi is the king of kelp. Wang Qian and Yao Guangqi have an irreconcilable relationship.
When Wang Qianzhong became a Jinshi, Hou Yuzhao had been eating sand outside the fortress for three years and led the border people to reclaim 30,000 hectares of land. Naturally, the two were not old acquaintances.
“It turns out that it was Wang Cifu’s eldest son who was in person.” Hou Yuzhao was a little confused. He had nothing to do with the Jin Party. Why was Wang Qian looking for him?
Wang Qian walked up to Hou Yuzhao and said with a smile: "I heard that Governor Hou came back from Liaodong, dusty and tired, isn't this a chance encounter? It's better to meet by chance than to invite me. Today I am in Taibai The building is for the governor to receive the wind and wash away the dust. "
Wang Qian's words were a gesture. He came here today because he met Hou Yuzhao by chance. There were so many coincidences. He knew that Hou Yuzhao had arrived. I came to the bookstore to buy books and old newspapers, and I immediately came over. I must meet by chance today!
Marquis Yu Zhao is not in court, and His Majesty often says that this is a person who is in the heart of the emperor, so it is natural to have a good relationship with him.
"It's just a patrol." Hou Yuzhao couldn't refuse. He felt that it was not a good choice to easily offend Wang Chonggu because he had no one in the court. Wang Qian spoke very appropriately and was not aggressive. Hou Yuzhao did not refuse, but corrected him again. Wang Qian’s wrong title.
"Let's go, let's go. Taibai Tower is overcrowded at this hour. If you go late, there won't be any room." Wang Qian smiled and took Hou Yuzhao straight to Taibai Tower.
The main contribution of Hou Yuzhao was his nine years of cultivating land outside the Great Wall. It was the fifth-class merit reward he received. At that time, the head reward of the Ming Dynasty became a battle reward. At a critical moment, Zhang Juzheng said that the country should be enriched and its army strong, and the generals should be given some power.
However, the head reward limited the strength of the troops. Hou Yuzhao was just like a stupid young man. Out of the idea of eating the imperial food in vain without saying anything, the fifth-class merit reward made him Zhang Juzheng solved the big problem that a rich country and a strong army could not pass the exam.
This is also the reason why Li Chengliang liked everything he saw in Zhao Yu. The head reward thing is too easy to go wrong. Killing good people while taking credit, losing morale in battle, and robbing heads on the battlefield are all big problems on the battlefield. avoid.
"I still have to congratulate Governor Hou for your promotion. I got the exact news from my father. When you return to Beijing this time, the court recommended you to be the governor of Liaodong. Congratulations to Governor Hou." After Wang Qian sat down, he did not make any mistakes. , but tell the truth.
Hou Yuzhao himself felt that he had no one in the court. Jane was in the heart of the emperor and a die-hard imperialist. Wang Chonggu had been working hard for almost ten years, and his majesty was finally willing to protect him. Wang Chonggu, and Hou Yuzhao After getting the fifth-class merit reward book, His Majesty returned to protect him many times.
"Ah? This." Hou Yuzhao was stunned. He already knew the officialdom of the Ming Dynasty very well. There was no one in the court, so who would recommend him to be the governor?
Does this make him a feudal official? The promotion is a bit fast.
Wang Qian looked at Hou Yuzhao’s dumbfounded and confused look and said sincerely: "Governor Hou really turned his back on things outside the window in Liaodong and only focused on cultivating barren fields. Wang admired him .”
Hou Yuzhao was born as a serious Jinshi. He made no mistakes and was not a humble scholar. He went to Daningwei to reclaim wasteland. This was a border garrison. The promotion of the border garrison was faster than that of the hinterland. However, Hou Yuzhao seemed not to understand this policy. Very clear.
To put it mildly, this is called innocence, but to put it harshly, it sounds a bit stupid.
The news in Liaodong was blocked. Li Chengliang was like a martial arts madman. He led his people to expand the soil all day long, and then left it to Hou Yuzhao after defeating him. Hou Yuzhao was really busy and worried about the affairs of the DPRK. Son, I really didn’t think much about it.
"Wang Yushi, who recommended me? It's better to come to the door in person to say thank you." Hou Yuzhao felt that someone still recommended me. Since he had the favor of recommendation, he had to ask what he was trying to do. If not, it’s better not to be promoted. That way, everyone will be better off.
Wang Qian looked around and whispered: "Your Majesty has appointed it."
Zhang Juzheng, Wang Chonggu, Zeng Shengwu, and Wang Daokun all recommended candidates, but His Majesty chose again and again, and he A personal selection was drawn up and Hou Yu Zhao Shengzhuan was appointed. Li Chengliang's bastard temper, and partnering with Li Chengliang, it would really make one life angry and ruin half of his life. There is a conflict between the governor and the general, which is not conducive to development and stability. .
Zhang Xueyan is a young Sima and it is inconvenient to go to Liaodong. The person who has the most harmonious relationship with Li Chengliang is Hou Yuzhao.
In the end, the courtiers discussed and determined that Hou Yu should be in Zhao, and that Hou Yu should be in Zhao's land reclamation. They really had a brush to build up the fortress, and quickly defeated Haidu. Li Chengliang could do whatever he wanted in Liaodong. , has an inseparable relationship with Hou Yuzhao's success in farming.
"Your Majesty is wise." Hou Yuzhao had nothing to say, and he also clearly realized that he might, probably, might be a die-hard imperialist and a person in the emperor's heart?
"Come on, come on, let's drink." Wang Qian began to exchange cups with Hou Yuzhao. Apart from the two of them, there were only singers to add to the fun.
Wang Qian drank too much. He had never seen anyone who could drink like this! His steps were frivolous, and Hou Yuzhao said goodbye to Wang Qian very politely, just like a normal person.
Hou Yuzhao is very good at drinking. Even Li Chengliang couldn't drink him in the magic cave of Tieling. However, Hou Yuzhao rarely drank openly in Liaodong because Liaodong lacked food. If it weren't for sweet potatoes, it would be difficult to feed so many people. The Liao people.
While reclaiming wasteland in Liaodong, Hou Yuzhao encountered a problem, that is, how should the Liao people deal with it? Many Liao people who all look the same have Han ancestors, and Han people in eastern Liaoning account for 80%, but many of them can't even speak Chinese. Hou Yuzhao and Li Chengliang have different opinions on how to treat these people.
According to Li Chengliang's idea, he would kill him cleanly with one blow, and don't let the court suspect that Li Chengliang wanted to be An Lushan.
Li Chengliang also did not advocate Liao people to rule Liao. The result of such trouble was that the tail would not be lost.
Hou Yuzhao listened to Lin Fucheng's words today, and he got a little bit of an idea. All the people were registered in the Ming Dynasty. It's as simple as that. Don't say you are a Jurchen, a Northern Tatar, or a Tatar. The Wuliangha tribe, in the hands of Hou Yuzhao, had only one title: people of the Ming Dynasty, and their culture could only be the poetry, books, rituals and music of the Ming Dynasty.
This is what Hou Yuzhao thought of. Even those who can’t speak Chinese, most of them are Han people whose ancestors fled to Liaodong to avoid the war. Really making a distinction will create contradictions. In the Ming Dynasty, everyone is a member of the Ming Dynasty, so the shaping of this consensus is very necessary.
Back at Huitongguanyi, Hou Yuzhao wrote down his thoughts before falling into a drowsy sleep. This sleep lasted for three days.
"It's over!" Hou Yuzhao woke up in a daze and immediately sat up. Today was the day of the Holy See, and he had slept until almost noon.
The time to meet the Holy Spirit has been missed!
"It seems that I have no chance of being born as governor." Hou Yuzhao fell straight on the bed, his eyes blank.
(End of this chapter)