Chapter 175 Academic Layout
Hunting is a free activity starting from the second day. Everyone is no longer a family unit, but forms a team with relatives and friends.
There are no outsiders around at this time, which is very suitable for confidential conversations. I don’t know how many exchanges of interests and conspiracies have been formed in the forest where the leaves have fallen.
Frederick wanted to go hunting with Maria, but he did not expect that this little girl became a boss lady and started a hot-air balloon ride business.
It takes 5 minutes to take off, and the fee is 10 florins. The queue lasted several days after the hunting was over, and Liebherr and the others were so busy that they did not even touch the ground.
Frederick thought it didn't matter, as long as Maria was happy.
On the third day, an unexpected person invited him to go hunting with him.
The hunting was fake. The two of them found a grassland next to a stream, where they let people grill some meat. They lay leisurely on the deck chairs and talked about business.
"You have ended an era." Becher sighed deeply, his face was a little sad, his eyes were no worse than dead fish, and he could not see the pride and dignity that a Dharma God should have. confidence.
"I did an experiment." He said calmly, "I filled a sealed and insulated jar with water with a partition inside, and then activated the vortex technique inside, and later used the tornado ”
"The water rubs against the jars and partitions. Without phlogiston or the element of fire, the temperature of the water rises."
"The phlogiston theory is over, and hundreds of years of research by countless people have come to nothing. .”
“I gave the paper to Magic Magazine and asked them to publish it in December this year. Let the old era end this year.”
Frederick’s expression. Nothing has changed. It all started when he wrote the book "The Three Properties of Force and the Energy of the Movement of Objects and the Conjecture on Why We Stand on the Earth".
He was not exposed to the academic frontier at that time. He did not know that phlogiston theory was still used at that time. In the "energy of object movement", he naturally included a bunch of energy conversion experiments in textbooks, including mechanical energy conversion. Experiments on internal energy.
These experiments are interesting to ordinary people, but in the eyes of Becher and other scholars who study the phlogiston theory, they are like lightning striking from a dark cloud.
The phlogiston theory originally originated from the theory of all elements. Scholars believe that everything in the world is composed of magical elements, and the essence of combustion is the release of the fire element.
In the development of alchemy, it was first discovered that there are no traces of magic elements in some combination reactions and decomposition reactions, and objects without magic elements can also burn. At this time, the phlogiston present in the object replaced the fire element.
Becher and others believe that complex objects turn into simple ashes after burning, indicating that phlogiston acts like nails and glue to bind simple substances into complex substances. When burning, the phlogiston breaks away. The complex substance falls apart, and the weight of the ash reduced compared to the substance before burning is the weight of phlogiston.
So why objects are ignited and burned? Their explanation is that the phlogiston contained in an object has an upper limit. When the phlogiston exceeds the critical value, it will cause a chain reaction of phlogiston detachment.
Using an object to ignite another object is proof that a large amount of phlogiston detached from one object enters the object next to it. The excessive phlogiston in the object next to it exceeds the critical value and causes combustion.
Sometimes when some objects are burned, the flames cannot ignite certain objects, but can only be heated. Their explanation is that the temperature is a reflection of the amount of phlogiston. The more phlogiston, the higher the temperature. The temperature at which an object can carry the most phlogiston without burning is the ignition point of the object.
If the amount of phlogiston as a binder for an object is reduced to a certain extent, it will compress the object into a ball and form a solid. If it is reduced to a certain extent, the object will be destroyed. For example, tin ashes and steel at low temperatures. Cold and crispy.
Some substances have a special combination with phlogiston. When accumulated to a certain level, they will loosen to form steam rather than break away and burn. This explains the changes between water, ice and water vapor.
It is precisely because water and phlogiston have such characteristics that it can inhibit the chain reaction of phlogiston detachment, which means it can extinguish fires.
Becher seemed a little unwilling to do so and popularized the phlogiston theory to Frederick from beginning to end. Frederick did not expect that this theory seemed to be complete and could explain many things.
“I didn’t expect it.” Becher said again, “Frictional heat generation has always been regarded as a dark cloud in the sky of phlogiston theory, and in the end, its lightning shattered everything.”< br>
After saying that, he picked up the cup and drank the happy water in it as if it were wine.
Frederick refilled the bowl of Becher and said: "My teacher often said that eating ten slices of bread does not mean you are full after eating the tenth slice. The first nine slices There is no need to eat it.”
“The same is true on the way to explore the truth. We can see further by standing on the shoulders of those who have gone before us.”
He did not expect that these words would later be added by Becher to the paper acknowledging the failure of the phlogiston theory, and continued: "There is an alchemical experiment that I just imagined but haven't done yet. If there really is no phlogiston, then its results will be Echoing the expectation."
Becher turned his head and waited seriously for the next step.
Frederick asked him: "Have you heard of the soul weight experiment, right?"
Becher nodded. This is a very famous experiment in history, and ordinary people cannot do it. , but the results matter.
Many years ago, when there was still controversy over whether the soul had weight, a tyrant made ten huge scales, stuffed living people and charcoal and lime to prevent corpses from decaying into a large box and sealed it with lead. The back is hung on one end, and the other end is a counterweight. Some of these people were treacherous and evil, and some were priests with noble moral character. According to the theory at the time, their soul weights were different.
As a result, the balance did not change two months later. The tyrant asked people to open the small hole in the box to let the soul out, but the balance still did not change.
Of course Friedrich was not going to do an experiment on living people, but he was going to talk about an experiment done by a confused scientist from his hometown.
"Prepare a glass cover and a saucer." He used light elements to draw a diagram in the air. "Put phosphorus inside, use a magnifying glass to focus the sunlight to ignite it, and measure its weight changes before and after burning. ."
"Such an experiment can be replaced with other substances, such as something that is easy to burn."
"About burning, I have done several experiments before."
"Put a wooden board in the basin with a burning candle on it, and use a transparent glass cover to flip it upside down in the water. No. After a while, the candle went out before it burned out, and the water surface in the glass cover was higher than that in the basin outside. I guessed that this was caused by the consumption of some component in the air."
" There is also charcoal, which also consumes air after burning inside. When charcoal and candles burn, they also generate a gas that can make the limestone turbid."
"The mice are also enclosed in a sealed glass cover. , it eventually suffocates to death, and at the same time, the gas that makes lime water turbid will also appear in the air.”
“These white turbid substances can decompose into the same gas when heated, and the decomposed substances can meet water. It generates heat, and when it encounters this kind of gas, it will produce this kind of white substance. What did you think of? ”
Becher immediately replied: "Limestone, the same as limestone."
Frederick nodded and said: "Yes, I speculate that the transformation between the main components of limestone and quicklime and hydrated lime Related to heating, exotherms and this gas."
"In alchemy the phlogiston void can be filled by 'temperature', why some reactions require heating and some are exothermic, this is new. "Research direction."
Becher listened to him quietly, and then just nodded politely. He did not accept the so-called new theory regardless of it like an empty-headed person. Is thinking about how to repeat these experiments.
Frederick saw that his originally dull eyes were gradually getting brighter, and he began to think again.
"I have an idea." The corner of Frederick's mouth curled up slightly, "I want Weisenberg University to take the lead and I will pay for it to invite famous experts and scholars in a certain field to Weisenburg Castle every two to three years. Hold a seminar to conduct face-to-face exchanges on cutting-edge exploration and academic debates in this field. "
"For example, this time, after the end of the phlogiston theory, you need a new development direction, instead of scratching your head at home. , why don’t we all sit down and study it carefully, maybe there will be new gains.”
Becher turned his head and glanced at him, and replied: “If so, at least four Dharma gods will be present. . ”
A bright smile appeared on Frederick’s face, this was the effect he wanted.
However, Becher continued: "Just because you and I are on good terms with each other, it doesn't mean that other people will be easy to talk to with you. Have you ever thought that if you mess with everyone, they will beat you up?" What should you do?”
The corner of Frederick's mouth twitched. If there were so many top people who wanted to beat him up, the master would probably have to give in. Psyche would at most help with the quarrel, and Maria might sell tickets.
"Well..." Frederick paused, "Let's all agree that we will fight with words rather than with force."
Becher did not answer, but was thinking about it. He got up and drank a glass of happy water before saying: "This is indeed a bit attractive. I will write to everyone first and let you know if there is any feedback."
Frederick nodded and said : "Actually, I have another idea, to set up a jury, regardless of country, region, or belief, to regularly select people in several major fields who have made great contributions to all mankind. Well, it is mainly theoretical work that reveals the principles. The prize for one award is only 5 kilograms of gold.”
“How much?” Becher asked, “How much is the prize again?”
Frederick replied seriously: "5 kilograms of gold, of which 1 kilogram is a medal and 4 kilograms of gold coins."
Becher was silent. His annual salary from the royal family was only less than This bonus is 250 grams more gold.
He suddenly became serious and said: "If you don't want this to turn into a farce in the end, then you need to have strict standards and judges."
Frederick nodded and said : "Yes, so I want to use various seminars as an opportunity to have a good exchange with scholars on this matter."
Becher thought about it for a long time, and finally thought it was feasible.
(End of this chapter)