Chapter 116 Using Scholar’s Means
Historically, Huang Yuxi’s paper fraud broke out in September 2005, and the whole process was quite tortuous.
In the beginning, an American scientist from the University of Pittsburgh who was Hwang Woo-suk’s partner chose to part ways with Hwang Woo-suk.
Although the American scientist did not explain the reason, some media broke the news that the eggs used by Huang Yuxi for experiments were purchased from a female researcher in the research team.
This violates the "World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki", but Hwang Yu-suk defended that he bought eggs before 2004, and South Korea only introduced the "Bioethics Law" prohibiting the sale of eggs in 2005. So he didn't break the law.
Although purchasing eggs violates the ethical and moral principles of scientific research, it is not considered academic fraud.
Moreover, the Koreans also launched a public opinion offensive to help Hwang Woo-suk clear his name. They said that because the American scientist had stolen South Korea's advanced cloning technology, they deliberately found reasons to go out and work alone.
Typically judging others by oneself, he is used to stealing things, and looks at everyone as a thief.
What really sparked the fuse of academic fraud was the eleven photos of human embryonic stem cells released by Hwang Woo-suk’s team.
Someone found that the eleven photos of cloned human embryonic stem cells in Hwang Woo-suk's paper were very similar. After comparison, it was found that these eleven photos were not eleven stem cells, but stem cells of one The photos have been artificially processed.
It is absolutely impossible for such a low-level error to appear in the world's top journal like Science. Everyone knows that Huang Yuxi deliberately falsified his paper.
The world's three major journals are such rigorous publications. When publishing papers on them, you must carefully consider how to use each word. If you post eleven wrong photos, it is 100% a fraud. This is It's definitely a stone hammer.
But the falsification of the paper does not mean that the research results are falsified.
Even if the eleven stem cell photos are all photoshopped, as long as Hwang Woo-suk really clones human embryonic stem cells, even if only one sample is successful, then his research results will be real.
So the investigation against Huang Yuxi was launched.
What is true cannot be fake, and what is false cannot be true. If there are real photos of human embryonic stem cell cloning, Hwang Yu-suk is not afraid to investigate. But if the scientific research results are fake, the truth will be revealed as soon as they are investigated.
After investigation, it was found that only six of Huang Yuxi’s eleven so-called samples were embryonic stem cells, and the other five were pretended to be somatic cells.
And these six cloned embryonic stem cells were all contaminated by mold and destroyed. What a coincidence!
The investigation team later discovered that the six samples contaminated by mold were not cloned human embryonic stem cells, but fertilized egg embryonic stem cells.
This is not just an issue of academic fraud, but also involves serious ethical and moral issues.
Does a fertilized human egg count as a person? Experiments on fertilized eggs and embryonic stem cells must be rounded off to be human experiments! Rounding it off again, that’s what those beasts in 731 did!
Hwang Woo-suk fell from the altar overnight and turned from South Korea's greatest national treasure-level scientist to South Korea's biggest fraudster. He used practical actions to prove to the world that he is a pure-blooded Korean.
This was also the largest academic fraud incident in the first decade of the 21st century. It was not until many years later that the Japanese female scientist Obokata Haruko’s fraud incident broke out, overshadowing Huang Yuxi’s limelight.
Now Zhang Wei plans to deal with Huang Yuxi, and of course the most direct method must start with these eleven photos.
In addition to "Science" magazine, these eleven photos can also be found in high-definition versions on the website of the Korea Biological Research Center.
The Koreans did not know that Hwang Woo-suk's scientific research results were fake. In order to show off to the world, they actually posted all Hwang Woo-suk's papers, as well as related photos and data, online.
What Zhang Wei needs to do next is to prove that these eleven photos actually come from the same embryonic stem cell.
How to prove it? Just relying on Zhang Wei's red mouth and white teeth to question this is definitely not enough. You need to find evidence.
There are nothing more than two types of evidence, personal evidence and physical evidence.
There must be more than one person in Huang Yuxi's scientific research team who knows about the fake photos of Huang Yuxi. As long as these insiders are willing to stand up and testify, they will have witnesses.
But the current situation is definitely impossible. In 2004, Hwang Woo-suk was at the peak of his powers, and he had not yet reached the point where everyone was pushing him. Even if there were insiders, it would be impossible for him to come forward.
You can only rely on physical evidence!
The physical evidence Zhang Wei could think of was to use scientific means to prove that these eleven photos were derived from the same embryonic stem cells.
This is actually not a problem, and it does not mean that there is no computer. What cannot be compared with the naked eye cannot be compared with a computer!
"It seems like I have to find that acquaintance of mine, Professor Adelman!" Zhang Wei thought to himself.
The University of California, Berkeley, has the best computer department in the world. If you give them eleven photos, they will definitely be able to analyze that these eleven photos are from the same embryonic stem cells.
More importantly, Berkeley’s computer science department is authoritative enough!
If you randomly find an unknown programmer and get a comparison result, even if it is proven that the eleven photos are from the same embryonic stem cells, Koreans can still question it and say that your comparison result is fake. You are slandering our great national treasure scientist.
But if it is a report issued by the Department of Computer Science at Berkeley, do you Koreans still dare to question it?
Even if Koreans still dare to question that there are problems with the Berkeley Computer Department, the whole world will not believe Koreans’ doubts and will only think that Koreans are stubborn!
However, it’s not free to ask for help. It’s not a relative or an acquaintance. Why should Professor Adelman help you?
What's more, this involves a major international academic fraud case. What if Professor Adelman is unwilling to get involved?
What Zhang Wei needs is actually not just a piece of evidence, but evidence endorsed by the Department of Computer Science at Berkeley.
In other words, when others ask, Professor Adelman has to say: Yes, the comparison results Zhang Wei produced were produced by us.
Professor Aardman studies cryptography, and Huang Yuxi is engaged in cloning. Their research does not overlap with each other, and there is no conflict of interest at all. Professor Aardman has no reason to trouble Huang Yuxi. Not every scientist has a sense of justice and is willing to expose cases of academic fraud.
Reality is not the Internet. There are just people everywhere. When they see the slightest injustice, they can stand on the moral high ground and speak nonsense.
In reality, there are many people who are timid, soft-spoken, and unwilling to cause trouble!
In the final analysis, if you want Professor Aardman’s endorsement, you have to rely on selling favors or exchanging benefits!
This is how people interact with each other. Except for family members, you want me for something, and I want you for something. You want to say that I don’t want you, and you don’t want me either. Individuals cannot establish relationships.
"Professor Aardman invited me to eat Boston lobster that day. All he wanted was the Mersenne prime numbers. How about I swallow ten more raw eggs and hand over the 46th Mersenne prime number? In exchange for Professor Aardman's help?"< br>
After thinking for a long time, Zhang Wei felt that although this method was feasible, it was not suitable.
Exchanging the 46th Mersenne prime number for Professor Aardman's endorsement is clearly a transaction, a typical businessman's method, not a scholar's method.
Zhang Wei feels that when dealing with such top scholars in the world, one should not be too vulgar and must use scholar's methods to be competent!
I will definitely deal with many of the world’s top scholars in the future, and I will have to adapt to the ecology of the big-name circle.
"I remember that the female professor Sophie Goldwasser was the one who proposed the zero-knowledge proof! Then start from this aspect!"
Thinking of this, Zhang Wei immediately called the devil: "The devil Brother, I want to redeem a paper, it’s about zero-knowledge proof.”
“Which year’s paper is it?” the devil responded immediately.
“I can’t remember!”
“In what journal was it published?”
"Can't remember!"
"You know who the author is, right?"
"Can't remember!"
Zhang Wei said three sentences in a row: "Can't remember?" "It's clear" and acted as if it was taken for granted.
“I can’t even remember, how can I find it for you!”
"This paper introduces how zero-knowledge proofs are applied. The general content is to explain the construction principles, security and efficiency of zero-knowledge interactive proofs," Zhang Wei said.
“There are many papers like this!” the devil said.
“Then find the most cited and most important article!”
“I understand, you are searching me as a literature paper!”
< br>"So you still have this skill... Oh no, you have this ability, Brother Devil, you are so awesome!"
"You were originally going to say that it has this function, right? You really treat me as a paper retrieval software!" The devil snorted coldly.
“I accidentally bitched my tongue, why don’t you scold me and make up for it?” Zhang Wei said quickly.
"How do you know that I don't scold you usually?"
"Do you always scold me? Then you are too unkind! I usually praise you. !”
“No! You always think about how to get me for free.” The devil snorted.
"Hehe!"
Zhang Wei smiled awkwardly: "Brother Devil, how about we get back to the paper?"
The Devil was silent for a few seconds and said: "I found a paper that meets the requirements you said. "Zero-KnowledgeSuccinctNon-InteractiveArgumentsofKnowledge", "Concise Non-Interactive Knowledge Argument of Zero Knowledge".
This paper explains the construction principle of zero-knowledge interactive proof , security and efficiency, etc., and also introduced how to convert a computer problem into a quadratic arithmetic program, and then use zero-knowledge interactive proof technology to verify its correctness, and proposed the concept of knowledge hypothesis. ”< br>
"OK, that's it. The paper should still be at the original price. Can it be cheaper?" Zhang Wei asked.
"There is no room for price reduction for such a worthless thing. There are still the original three choices. Fever of 39 degrees, food poisoning, or eight hours of life."
"Then I will definitely choose fever of 39 degrees. !"
"Okay. Use the fever to 39 degrees, exchange for the paper..."
"Wait a minute!" Zhang Wei stopped the devil fiercely: "I will change it after a while, I will buy it first. Take some ibuprofen! "
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(End of this chapter)