Chapter 309 Trichogramma; Wine and Chia Integration
“Boss, the first batch of bred Trichogramma is about to be released for the first time. Do you want to have a look?”
Xu Xuenong asked, Trichogramma has been studied domestically for many years and is a relatively mature natural enemy insect, so it has been successfully cultivated.
He had been busy with this matter for more than ten days since he came back from Pengcheng.
Guo Yang raised his head in surprise, surprised by the speed of Trichogramma cultivation.
Putting down the information on drought conditions in various places, Guo Yang thought it would be a good idea to go and take a look at the drought conditions along the way.
Guo Yang first came to the Natural Enemy Factory.
It is built in the building of Tianhe Academy of Sciences, occupying an entire floor, about 3,000 square meters, and has an annual production capacity of more than 1 billion heads.
This production capacity is relatively low.
Because it is still more of an experimental nature at the moment.
In addition to production, it also undertakes the task of screening and cultivating natural enemy insects.
Trichogramma wasps are smaller than bees, with adult body length less than 1mm.
During the pest outbreak period, release Trichogramma, and the Trichogramma will lay its eggs in the eggs of the host pest.
During the growth and development process of the larvae, the nutrients in the host eggs are consumed, solving the root cause of the problem of excessive reproduction of pests.
It has a wide host range and is effective in controlling agricultural pests such as corn borers, rice borers, and sugarcane borers.
Many domestic plant protection institutes have studied it, and breeding and selection work has continued for decades.
But it is still limited to screening out suitable bee species among existing bee species.
Selection of dominant strains, selection of resistant strains, selection of tolerant strains... This kind of basic work has accumulated a lot of experience.
For example, the rice borer Trichogramma is the dominant bee species for controlling the rice borer.
But going one step further, hybridizing the dominant genes among various species to cultivate dominant bee species that can target different pests is still blank.
With the help of Tianhe's bioengineering accumulation in recent years, the Natural Enemy Center will also carry out research in this area.
“In addition to Trichogramma, predatory mites can also be put into production, but grass ridges, ladybugs, and yellow flies are still being studied in the laboratory.”
“Well done.”< br>
Guo Yang encouraged the scientific researchers.
…
July every year is the peak season for corn borers.
In midsummer, in Jinta’s seed corn field, corn stalks stand tall and tall.
Under the lush corn forest, the soil of the corn field is opened, and the well-developed root system is firmly rooted in the soil, constantly absorbing nutrients.
But today’s protagonist is not the fertile soil that everyone knows.
Several technical experts invited by the Plant Protection Institute of the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences watched two plant protection drones soar into the sky and drop projectiles the size of table tennis balls.
The mood is slightly complicated.
The small projectile contains today's protagonist - Trichogramma parasitic eggs.
They will hatch quickly, emerge as bees, and then accurately find the corn borer eggs to surround and destroy the corn borer.
Tianhe's equipment and technical means are becoming more and more advanced.
“Director Wang, can Trichogramma really eliminate the corn borer?”
"It's no problem. Besides, this is Tianhe's corn seed production field. This corn is growing at this rate. As long as the water is kept, it's hard to have a good harvest this year."
"Use such a large seed production field as an experiment. "Only Tianhe has such confidence."
On the other side, Tianhe's production boss Yan Qun was also full of worries and asked Xu Xuenong again and again.
"Director Xu, there are nearly 10,000 acres of land in this contiguous area. If we cannot prevent corn borer, we will suffer heavy losses this year."
"The control effect should not be bad. ”
Xu Xuenong confidently walked into the cornfield on the edge and searched for a while, then waved his hand.
Everyone gathered around.
I saw Xu Xuenong gently opening the corn leaves with his fingers, revealing black speckled material.
“This is a fresh egg mass produced by the corn borer. The eggs were laid within two days.”
“After the Trichogramma released the bees, the bees found fresh corn borer egg masses within two days. , lay the eggs into the egg masses of the corn borer, and use the eggs to treat the eggs, thereby achieving the biological control effect. ”
"This is only the first time to release bees. We will release them once every five days, three times in a row."
"Recently is the peak period of corn borer spawning. The 'submerged' release of Trichogramma is very effective for corn borer." The control effect is the best.”
“Especially for borer pests with hidden feeding locations, Trichogramma is much better than spraying pesticides.”
“This can also be done. Improve the quality of corn. "
A technician in charge of field management said: "This is a seed production field, and the requirements for corn quality are not high. It would be fine if it is fresh corn."
Guo Yang, who was listening on the side, paid attention to the fresh corn. If you have a chance, you can try it.
Xu Xuenong was also stunned. This seed production field was originally used by Tianhe to support the natural enemy center.
Fortunately, Yan Qun came to the rescue.
“It is also a good thing to use less pesticides and reduce pollution to the land. This land is a rare good soil.”
This land has been improved by Alfalfa No. 1 for several years. , the level of fertility has exceeded Yan Qun’s imagination.
After decades of seed production, I have never seen corn growing so robustly.
If the drought had not buried a layer of haze, how much would the yield per mu have been this year?
Yan Qun looked at Director Wang of the Plant Protection Institute again, "Director Wang, this ecological control technology must be vigorously promoted!"
"The technology is excellent." Director Wang also He smiled brightly and asked, "I wonder how much it costs to invest in one acre of land?"
Guo Yang and others also looked at Xu Xuenong curiously.
"The cost should be much lower than chemical control."
Xu Xuenong pondered for a while and said: "Placing 10,000 bees per acre, two bee releasing devices each time, three times is six."< br>
“If large-scale production of Trichogramma is realized, the cost of bee placement devices per acre should be controlled at 2.5 to 3 yuan.”
Director Wang asked in surprise: “Can such a thing be achieved? Low? "
Xu Xuenong nodded affirmatively.
Now even Guo Yang, Yan Qun and others couldn't help but wonder, how much does it cost to use chemical pesticides for prevention and control?
One acre costs at least dozens of yuan!
Director Wang said: "If the effect is good and the input-output ratio is high, the city will definitely take the lead in vigorously promoting it."
"Then Director Wang will come back and have a look in a few days."
"I will definitely come." Director Wang thought for a while and said: "Next time when the bees are released, I will bring the reporters from the city. Director Xu, I have to trouble you to do an interview."
"Okay."
…
"The cost per acre is really less than 3 yuan?"
"3 yuan is already very high. I also included the profit. In fact, The cost is less than half. If bee balls are not used and bee cards are used, the cost per mu may be only 50 or 60 cents.”
Guo Yangqian was silent at this time.
Xu Xuenong, who seemed to be honest and responsible, turned out to be so scheming and knew how to negotiate a higher price in front of the Plant Protection Institute.
"What about the effect?"
Xu Xuenong glanced at Yan Qun and said, "The effect is slow, and the conditions for releasing bees are very particular. The effect is definitely not as good as chemical pesticides."
Seeing Yan Qun's tendency to change his attitude, Xu Xuenong added: "But the input-output ratio is very high."
Yan Qun asked: "You mean there will still be a reduction in production, right?"
"Old Yan, don't worry about this." Guo Yang looked at the hot sunshine outside the car window and said: "There is a drought this year, and production reduction is inevitable. It would be good to provide more experimental value."
"Oh, it has not rained for almost a month."
Xu Xuenong said: "We can come and see the effect of the delivery the day after tomorrow. In this kind of weather, it should be no problem."
…
It’s another two consecutive days of great sunshine.
The hot temperatures made grassroots employees complain incessantly. Guo Yang went to the countryside for two days and felt uncomfortable.
As soon as I get off the bus, within ten minutes I will be soaked all over.
What is worrying is that crop drought has become increasingly serious. Farmland has long been unable to maintain moisture, and the land is dry.
There are endless incidents of fights over water in farmland.
Far away from the river, some farmers simply gave up their struggle and decided to resign themselves to fate. The reduction in production was irresistible.
What Guo Yang is worried about is developing into a failure.
I poured enough hibernation water to prevent the spring drought, but I failed to prevent the summer drought. The autumn harvest is about to happen. At this time, the harvest will fail and the losses will be the greatest.
Jiahe’s land has also been affected, but large companies have some advantages. They can pump groundwater and have water-saving methods such as drip irrigation, so they can still hold on.
Farmers are in dire straits.
Anyway, Guo Yang came to Jinta's seed production land again.
It may be that the organic matter in the soil has increased and the soil structure has changed. The soil water retention of these 200,000 land is obviously stronger.
An occasional drip irrigation can last a long time.
The drought is not that serious either.
No one from the Plant Protection Institute came this time, so it was Guo Yang, Xu Xuenong, and Yan Qun. Xu Xuenong was the first to find the eggs of the corn borer.
“The eggs of the corn borer are black, and they turn white after being parasitized by Trichogramma wasps.”
Both Guo Yang and Yan Qun saw changes in the eggs, which meant that the corn borers were eliminated before they hatched.
Xu Xuenong smiled and said: "Mr. Yan, you should feel relieved now, right?"
Yan Qun also smiled, "It's not bad, but the time requirements for bee release are too high. If it is to be used on a large scale in the future, the Natural Enemy Center will need to send people to assist.”
“This is what the Natural Enemy Center is for.”
“We must also pay attention to the training of management personnel.” Guo. Yang said: "The life of a Trichogramma is too short."
Trichogramma's life span from egg to death is only 15 days, and after hatching, it can only survive for 3 to 4 days.
In these 3 to 4 days, they have to eliminate corn borers and reproduce offspring, which is more difficult than 996 of social animals.
For this reason, Trichogramma adults are not used directly in production.
Instead, the parasitic eggs of Trichogramma are regulated under artificial breeding conditions so that they can reach the standard of being about to emerge at the appropriate period.
So, the time of releasing bees is very important.
The bee release time depends on the insect situation forecast, insect situation monitoring, and climatic conditions. Based on the insect situation investigation, a bee release plan is made to ensure that the bee eggs meet.
Pest monitoring is generally the work of local plant protection offices.
However, there is a Jiahe Natural Enemy Center, and it involves the actual use of each section. The insect situation release must be kept up.
So Xu Xuenong took over directly. This was the scope of responsibilities of the Natural Enemy Center.
“With the monitoring of the pest situation in the center of natural enemies, we will have more information to refer to when applying pesticides in the future. By the way, will the application of other pesticides in the future kill Trichogramma?” Yan Qun asked .
"It's best to fight after this period of time."
Guo Yang thought of screening of Trichogramma, hybrid screening of dominant, resistant and tolerant strains.
In addition to Trichogramma, there are a series of other natural enemy insects.
There are many places where natural energy can be used!
Guo Yang thought for a while and said: "Let's mass-produce it as soon as possible. One billion heads is still too few. We need to produce at least 50 billion heads per year."
If 10,000 Trichogrammas are released per acre, 50 billion Trichogrammas can only be released into 5 million acres of land.
Tianhe can affect far more land area than this.
Moreover, in addition to corn, Trichogramma can also be used to deal with pests in cotton, rice, sugarcane, soybeans and other crops.
“Well, we are already planning the site selection.”
Guo Yang thought for a while and said, “I’ll sort out a list of breeding goals and have a research and development direction.”
>
"After sorting it out, give me a copy."
…
I went to the countryside for several days in a row.
The weather is still not good and there is no sign of rain.
Even clouds, mist and water vapor are rare to see, and even the opportunity to shoot artificial rainfall is rare. On the Beida River, water resources management in various river sections has also been strengthened, and patrol law enforcement officers have emerged in an endless stream.
In addition to agricultural irrigation water in the lower reaches of the Beida River, Jiugang and power stations in the upper reaches are also large water consumers.
The conflict between industrial water and agricultural water is becoming increasingly serious.
The masses reacted fiercely, and district and county leaders jumped anxiously. The Agricultural Bureau arranged technical personnel from the agricultural machinery and agricultural technology department to go deep into the fields to prepare for insect prevention and drought relief.
Guo Yang also asked Qin Lijun several times.
The city is also coordinating with Jiayuguan on the water distribution of Tuolai River, but Jiayuguan is not in a hurry.
Firstly, there is less water for agriculture, and secondly, it is located upstream. For Jiayuguan, ensuring industrial production is more important.
Jiayuguan has a population of more than 200,000, about 95% of which are urban residents. The people’s experience of water shortage is not that deep.
After learning that there was a drought in Jiuquan agriculture, some people were even confused.
“Drought? I don’t feel it. I don’t feel anything at home except that it doesn’t rain.”
"You don't farm, so why do you feel that the farmland is flooded with water and fighting these days!"
However, when the factory continued to emit pollutant gases, the citizens' eyes showed concern.
Environmental pollution is the big problem.
Environmental pollution caused by calcium carbide, ferroalloy and other enterprises in Jiabei Industrial Park has attracted long-term complaints from the public.
When he heard that Jiahe intended to control river pollution, Qin Lijun finally decided on the symposium he had organized for a long time.
The idea of merging the two cities has been circulating for many years, but for many reasons, there has been no result.
However, because Jiahe captured the dozens of kilometers of Gobi between the two cities.
The integration of wine and wine, or the integrated development of wine and wine, has made breakthrough progress all at once.
Not interested in Jiuquan or Jiayuguan.
I am very interested in Jiahe and Jiayuguan.
…
The big conference room in the city.
Some people were already sitting on the large rectangular table. After Guo Yang entered the door, he was looking at the nameplate on the table.
Qin Lijun, the top leader in Jiuquan, Tang Xueqing, the third or fourth leader in Jiayuguan, and the water affairs, agriculture, meteorology, and environmental protection departments of the two cities.
In addition, there are reservoirs such as Jiugang, Jiahe, Tuolaihe Water Conservancy Management Bureau, Yuanyangchi, and hydropower stations upstream.
The level of the symposium is undoubtedly very high and there are many people involved.
Directly opposite Guo Yang was the representative seat of Jiugang, and a fair and elegant man wearing glasses looked at him.
"Hello, Mr. Guo, I am Li Xingjian from Jiugang."
"Hello, Guo Yang."
The two made a brief introduction.
Jiayuguan was born because of Jiugang, which also accounts for 90% of the city's GDP. Li Xingjian is a member of the city's leadership circle.
Jiuquan has two leading industries: aviation and agriculture and animal husbandry, with Jiahe also playing an important role.
At this time, Lu Yilin of the Agriculture and Forestry Bureau, who was sitting next to Guo Yang, chatted.
"Mr. Guo, how is the drought situation in Jiahe?"
"The newly planted 500,000 acres of soybeans can barely hold on." Guo Yang started selling miserably.
There are two main varieties of soybeans in Jinta. One is Tiandou No. 1, which focuses on plots with high saline-alkali levels.
The other is drought-tolerant and is mainly planted on land with low salinity.
However, the improvement time is short, and Alfalfa No. 1 has not been sown, so it is a bit unable to withstand the long-term drought.
Lu Yilin said: "Hey, what kind of drought is Tianhe's soybeans? The yield will not be reduced at all."
"At the current price of soybeans, the yield will be reduced by 50 kilograms per mu. In total, that’s a loss of 60 to 70 million.”
"..."
These words immediately attracted the attention of the conference room, and Li Xingjian on the opposite side frequently looked sideways.
Fifty thousand acres,
Sixty to seventy million.
No matter which number, it is extremely huge.
At this time, Qin Lijun and Tang Xueqing also walked in together.
The symposium will begin soon.
Organized by the highest ranking Qin Lijun.
“Let’s talk about the drought first.”
“Since the beginning of spring this year, the city’s effective precipitation has been low, the temperature has been high, and the water inflows from various rivers has been significantly less than in previous years.”
"Fortunately, since the beginning of summer irrigation, the temperature has been high, the snow in the Qilian Mountains has melted faster, and the river flow has increased, which has alleviated the drought to a certain extent."
"But this little water is not enough. There are riots in the following districts and counties, and drinking water for people and animals, as well as agricultural irrigation, have been affected to varying degrees. "
"Especially for vegetables, flowers and corn seed production, once the disaster occurs, the losses caused are irreparable. "
Jiuquan has the Tuolai River, which relies on the melted water of the Qilian Mountains. No matter what, there will be no water at all.
But there is only so much water.
It also involves upstream industrial and mining enterprises. How to coordinate and distribute is always a confusing matter.
“Precise water affairs dispatch, coordinate the dispatch of existing water sources, carry out drought relief and irrigation, and implement water-saving measures.”
“The Meteorological Bureau carries out joint operations, closely monitors weather conditions, and seizes favorable opportunities. Launch rain-increasing rockets."
"The Agricultural Bureau will strengthen drought monitoring, monitor and provide early warning of pests and diseases, and prevent and control crop and economic crop diseases and pests."
"Efforts will be made to carry out drought relief and disaster relief to ensure drinking water for the people. Put safety first, and take responsibility for drought relief and irrigation protection..."
The effectiveness of the symposium organized by Qin Lijun, "drought relief and disaster reduction" speaks for itself.
But Guo Yang knew that all the measures that the local government could take had been taken.
When he went to the countryside these days, he often encountered water transport vehicles, and technicians from the Bureau of Agriculture did indeed enter the fields.
For them, Guo Yang has nothing to criticize.
Across from him, Li Xingjian of Jiugang is not very concerned about the drought. Instead, he is still thinking about the control of environmental pollution.
The agenda soon came to the management of the Tuolai River Basin.
“Jiuquan Club will vigorously improve sewage discharge, Silk Road Park and other parks.” Qin Lijun said loudly: “And Jiahe Club will be responsible for the control of water pollution.”
“In the upper reaches of Beida River, We also need the strong cooperation of the comrades in Jiayuguan and Jiugang, whether it is mining power stations or factories, we need to make further progress in sewage discharge."
Tang Xueqing chuckled: "Jiayuguan has been an environmental model city for seven consecutive years. ”
The faces of everyone in Jiuquan changed.
We know our own situation well, and Jiuquan is indeed at a disadvantage when it comes to urban environmental management.
Li Xingjian also smiled and said: "Since two thousand years, Jiugang has invested a total of about 250 million yuan to deal with the company's excessive sewage discharge problem."
"In addition, indicators such as water consumption have also increased year by year. Decline."
Jiayuguan Environmental Protection Lu Honglian also said: "After testing, the water quality of the water source has reached Class II water quality standards."
Jiayuguan is the best in terms of financial investment and environmental standards. Leading.
No one said a word in Jiuquan.
“What’s there to be proud of?”
Although it was not a sneer, the contempt in Guo Yang’s words was clear.
“Is the water quality in Jiayuguan very good?”
“Not good enough?” Lu Honglian’s words were filled with anger unconsciously, “Do you know what Category II is? Water quality? ”
"The water quality is slightly polluted. After routine treatment, it can be used as centralized drinking water."
After answering in an understatement, Guo Yang also asked: "Jiahe also did a test. The results can be compared with yours." "It's different."
Lu Honglian said: "What does the water in Jiuquan have to do with me?"
"The ammonia nitrogen in the test data seriously exceeds the standard." Guo Yang responded tit for tat.
“Do you know what it means if ammonia nitrogen exceeds the standard?”
"High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen will cause eutrophication of water bodies and destroy the ecological balance of water bodies."
"Ammonia nitrogen can be converted into nitrite under certain conditions, and combine with protein to form nitrosamines. This is a A strong carcinogen."
Lu Honglian: "It's empty talk..."
"Okay," Li Xingjian interrupted and said, "Mr. Guo, we all have problems. It’s clear that the ammonia nitrogen content is not as high as you said.”
“Last year, despite a very tight financial situation, Jiugang invested more than 60 million yuan to comprehensively control the pollution sources of the company’s unorganized emissions. .”
Guo Yang said: "But it is a fact that the standards are exceeded, which shows that the governance is not enough and the effect has not been achieved."
Aside.
When Tang Xueqing told Guo Yang about the ammonia nitrogen content, he knew that the other party was prepared.
Some rivers tested for surface water in Jiayuguan can indeed reach Class II water quality, but drinking water testing only reaches Class III water quality.
There is still some room for maneuver.
After pondering for a moment, Tang Xueqing said: "Mr. Guo, since everyone is here today, they must be here to solve the problem."
"Jiugang's funds are tight, and the construction of new urban areas on both sides of Jiayuguan will be difficult in the next few years. There is also a lot of investment.”
“We can’t just renovate a few parks in Jiuquan, close down some irrelevant enterprises, and then let Jiugang and Jiayuguan spend real money, right?”
Guo Yang raised his eyebrows.
Jiugang is short of funds?
He didn't quite believe it.
Steel prices across the country have surged in recent years, and the northwest steel market has also seen an extremely ferocious rise.
Jiugang should have made a lot of money in recent years.
"Can you tell me a plan?"
Tang Xueqing glanced at Li Xingjian and saw the other party nodded slightly.
Tang Xueqing said: "Mr. Guo can't favor one over the other. Jiajiu is developing in an integrated way, and Jiahe is patronizing Jiuquan."
This...
If you need it, tell me earlier!
But what is there in Jiayuguan that can be used to develop agriculture?
Guo Yang racked his brains and thought for a while before he remembered that Jiugang also had an agricultural product production base.
The more than 10,000 employees provide their own meals, and some can be sold externally.
With such a wide range of interests, no wonder Jiugang is short of funds!
“I know there is a modern agricultural industrial park in Jiayuguan, and Jiahe can have some cooperation in this regard.”
“No.” Tang Xueqing said: “Jiayuguan needs Fengkai agricultural machinery.”
"No, we can't move." Qin Lijun's expression suddenly changed. Fengkai has only one agricultural machinery factory in the northwest, and its territory is Jiuquan.
Tang Xueqing shook his head, "It's not an agricultural machinery factory or agricultural machinery assembly."
"It's a large agricultural machinery equipment manufacturing factory, preferably with drone production capabilities."
"Jiayu Pass is here We have leading advantages in equipment manufacturing fields such as mining and dressing, metallurgical equipment, full-line automation, high and low voltage power distribution, and civilian nuclear technology.” Children’s education and so on will be provided.”
Guo Yang frowned, because the price of steel in the northwest is too high, and Weifang is led by the local agricultural machinery department, and the joint enterprise purchases wholesale from Taigang at low prices.
In the end, all Fengkai's large-scale agricultural machinery production was transferred to Weifang.
The northwest factory only retains the production of supporting agricultural machinery.
Nowadays, Fengkai's development momentum is too fast, its reputation is getting bigger and bigger, and all kinds of large agricultural machinery and equipment are leading the way in the country.
Jiahe is close at hand again.
It’s hard not to be tempted by Jiayuguan.
(End of this chapter)