Chapter 227 Shock! A breakthrough in synthetic ammonia! Is this also about blues?
The physics community in 1909 was immersed in an atmosphere of joy.
Top leaders gathered together to point out the direction for physics research.
This move makes people in other fields of natural science extremely envious.
Breakthroughs in physics are as if there are no bottlenecks.
From Newton to Maxwell, now another Bruce Lee appears.
The physics building has become taller and more exquisite, becoming a symbol of natural science.
In the field of chemistry, since Mendeleev first published the results of the period of elements in 1869, there seems to have been no major breakthrough.
Marie Curie’s radioactivity can be counted as one.
But even if radioactivity is added, it is far from comparable to physics.
Therefore, when Solvay went to invite those chemists to prepare for the first Solvay Conference, many people were not interested.
With the gems of the Bruce Conference in front, what is there to pay attention to in a chemistry conference that is not taken seriously?
However, just one month after the first Bruce conference, countless people were still shocked by physics.
A result that shocked everyone in the world was published publicly.
On December 15, 1909, a paper appeared on the cover of Nature magazine.
The author is Fritz Haber, professor of chemistry at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany (Chapter 79).
The paper uses a large amount of experimental data to prove that the team led by Haber has successfully achieved the great human feat of producing ammonia from the air.
Although it is currently synthesized in a laboratory, the method has been verified to be completely correct.
Haber even publicly declared that it would achieve industrial production within 5 years.
From now on, humans can get rid of the limitations of natural nitrogen fertilizers.
This means that humans will have endless food and no more people will starve to death.
When the paper came out, the whole world was shocked!
Boom!
First of all, practitioners in the chemical field are all cheering.
Haber's success is undoubtedly a great milestone in the world of chemistry.
The chemical breakthrough of synthetic ammonia cannot be overstated.
It will profoundly change the history of mankind, and the global population will be guaranteed to explode.
University College London, Department of Chemistry.
The winner of the fourth Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Ramsey, is discussing things with several other Nobel laureates in Chemistry.
When they learned about the results of the paper published by Haber, their shock was followed by endless joy.
Ramsey said excitedly: "This achievement of Haber is enough to go down in history."
"The Swedish Nobel Committee must have reserved the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for him."
>"Like Bruce, he will become a world-famous scientist."
"Even more famous than Bruce, after all, his achievements are closely related to countless ordinary people."
>Fantov, winner of the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry, said with a smile: "It's really the waves behind the Atlantic that push the waves ahead. Young people today are incredible."
"This young man from Harper is only 41 years old this year."
"To be able to achieve world-shaking success at such a young age, his future is limitless."
The third Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry A Lennius continued: "Now our meeting can finally be held in a high-profile manner."
"Let those physics guys see that we chemists are not their vassals."
< br>“No matter how powerful the theory of relativity is, it cannot change food.”
Several big chemists laughed and looked very happy.
As time went by, the news that Haber had realized the artificial synthesis of ammonia quickly spread throughout the world at lightning speed.
Countless people are going crazy.
“Oh, my God, this is an invention as good as radio. No, even more important than radio.”
“Humans don’t have radio, it’s just a communication trouble A little; but without artificially synthesized ammonia, humans will always be bound by food.”
"Based on this achievement alone, Hubble is the greatest scientist in the world."
"The world is so crazy now. The Bruce Conference has just ended. Physics has made big news, and chemistry has made more news." Big news.”
“These scientists are all so amazing. When will I be able to publish such great results?”
“.”
Countless others. There was a lot of discussion.
Even many people who disliked Li Qiwei jumped out to ridicule him at this time.
"Is Bruce Lee still crazy now? His theory of relativity and quantum theory are not even worthy of carrying Hubble's shoes!"
"Physicists are the most high-profile, as if The only natural science in the world is physics, and I look down on other disciplines at all. This time I was slapped in the face.”
“I think this first Bruce conference is about to become a joke, and it is still talking about what determines physics and human beings. In the future, it’s just about sensationalism.”
“Modern physics is a scam by Bruce Lee, who was specially sent by the Qing Dynasty to hinder our scientific progress in Europe.”
"Chemistry first!"
"."
The sudden appearance of opposition caught all physicists off guard.
They didn’t do anything, they just lay there and got shot.
But no matter what, this time physics was indeed overwhelmed by chemistry.
The potential of Haber's artificial ammonia synthesis is too great, and its significance is too important.
In comparison, the ability of radiation to treat cancer is a small achievement.
The current content of modern physics cannot have a direct impact on human society.
Public opinion is very realistic.
Before, Li Qiwei stole the show and appeared frequently because he was young and talented.
Although ordinary people don't know what his theory is, they can just shout 666 from the sidelines.
What they were interested in was the genius Li Qiwei, not the genius's theories and achievements.
Genius is something everyone loves to see.
But now, when synthetic ammonia, which is relevant to everyone, comes out, genius is no longer important.
After all, no matter how big a thing is, it is not as important as filling your stomach.
Although Britain has experienced two industrial revolutions, it is still a fantasy to say that it can eliminate hunger and provide unlimited food.
Not to mention the Qing Dynasty, Africa and other places at this time.
Human beings have been worrying about food since their birth.
The so-called dynasty change is ultimately about food.
No one can live anymore, why do you care about me, the emperor?
If Haber's achievements were publicized to the Qing Dynasty, scholars would praise him as a saint.
Confucius enlightened the minds of all people, and Ha sage filled the people's stomachs.
Europe is no exception.
Those who used this to belittle and ridicule Li Qiwei knew that it would not have any impact on him, but they were satisfied to be disgusted.
As a native of the Qing Dynasty, Li Qiwei came to Europe. The reason why he did not encounter frequent racial discrimination was because he came into contact with high-end people.
Some things are instilled by the upper class into the lower class in order to facilitate the control of the lower class.
Li Qiwei didn't care in the face of these slanders.
He was as calm as a rock, calm and waiting for things to develop.
Planck wrote a letter to comfort Li Qiwei not to be impulsive and to keep a low profile.
Rutherford even came over in person and complained wildly to Ridgway.
As for Chris, Qian Wushi and others, they don't have so many constraints. They can directly communicate with each other, which can be called Li Qiwei's mouth substitute.
“You are awesome, why don’t you invent a synthetic gold.” “Only a villain can use other people’s achievements to ridicule another person. Those who don’t know, think that Synthetic ammonia was invented by You.”
“I’m afraid the trolls don’t know yet, but Professor Bruce and Professor Haber have a good personal relationship.”
“Ha. Professor Bo should not disclose this invention, because he will feed too many such garbage in the future.”
A back-and-forth verbal war broke out between the two sides.
Li Qiwei smiled after seeing it. He had recruited these doctoral students in the right place and they were very useful.
Just when the trolls were preparing to attack again and completely pull Ridgway off the altar, an interview broke their defense instantly.
Li Qiwei’s name has once again been pushed to the top of public opinion.
Everyone has only one feeling in their hearts: Does this mother have any justice? Bruce is even so good at chemistry.
On December 22, 1909, Haber was interviewed by a well-known German newspaper.
When the interviewer asked: "Professor Haber, what difficulties did you encounter in the process of developing artificial ammonia, and how did you overcome them?"
Harber listened. After answering this question, with a smile on his face, his thoughts went back to a few years ago, and then he answered:
"Synthetic ammonia is actually not a new research field. It has been developed for more than a hundred years. Chemists had already begun research before. ”
“But the chemical system at that time was not yet mature, and chemists could only rely on experience. This method was inefficient and time-consuming. ”
"With the continuous development of chemistry, we already know the conditions required to synthesize ammonia."
"The three most important conditions are: temperature, pressure, and catalyst."
"These three The two conditions complement each other. Maybe the temperature and pressure are best under one catalyst. If you change the catalyst, the required temperature and pressure will change."
"I led the team and conducted more than 6,000 experiments. After several tests, more than 2,000 formulas were verified, and the optimal synthesis conditions were finally found. ”
“That is, it was successfully achieved under the conditions of 600° high temperature, 200 atmospheric pressure, and metal osmium as the catalyst. Synthetic ammonia.”
"But it has a problem, that is, the conversion rate is too low, only about 8%, and it cannot be applied to large-scale production."
The interviewer asked cooperatively: "What about Professor Haber?" How did you solve it?"
Harber recalled with emotion: "All this needs to be thanked by one person"
"He is Professor Bruce Lee."
< br>“That’s right, it’s Professor Bruce Lee who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics.”
"Those who have not had in-depth communication with him will never understand the extent of his genius."
"The Brussels Conference of Young Scholars in 1901 was the most important conference in my life."
< br>“It was at that conference that Professor Bruce and I had our first conversation.”
“To be honest, at first, I really didn’t expect that Professor Bruce, a physicist, would actually Understand chemistry.”
“The topic of our chat is about ammonia synthesis.”
"Professor Bruce at that time already knew the importance of catalysts and temperature and pressure, which amazed me."
"I was thinking at that time, if Professor Bruce switched to studying chemistry, he would definitely "
"It was with his help that I solved the problem of the catalyst."
At this time, the interviewing girl's eyes widened and she was stunned. Cutely asked: "Really? I don't believe it."
Haber smiled and looked at this silly little girl, wondering how you became an interviewer.
"Professor Bruce left a profound impact on me during that conversation, and our friendship was established at that time."
"Later, after he chose to return to China, our contact remained unbroken."
< br>“I have written to him many times to ask him about the synthesis of ammonia.”
“When I asked if there was any catalyst that could replace osmium, Professor Bruce asked me to try iron as a catalyst. Catalyst. "
"Because he said that he was studying the atomic structure and found that the element iron was very unique, so he might as well give it a try. "
"To be honest, I was shocked when I heard it."
"Because the element iron is so common, it is difficult to associate it with the catalyst."
"Later, we passed by After hundreds of tests, the iron catalyst containing lead and magnesium accelerator was finally selected. "Unexpectedly, the experiment was a great success, and the conversion rate was directly increased from 8% to 90%."
“This is incredible.”
"It is not an exaggeration to say that Professor Bruce is the number one contributor to the synthesis of ammonia."
"I immediately stated that Professor Bruce's name must be included in the publication of the paper."
"But Professor Bruce wrote to me and told me not to do that. "
"He said: Even without me, you will eventually find the right catalyst. Your thousands of days and nights of hard work are the key to success. . ”
“When I saw this sentence, my heart felt like it was hit by a heavy hammer, and my whole body trembled. ”
"Professor Bruce's noble qualities make me ashamed."
"He is not only a great physicist, he is also a great scientific mentor."
"I also want to use Your newspaper would like to say thank you to Professor Bruce. Without you, there would be no synthetic ammonia.”
The interviewing girl’s eyes widened with disbelief on her face. She didn’t expect that there was such a touching feeling behind this great achievement. The story of the human heart.
This interview was published in the form of a newspaper on the same day, instantly causing countless shocks.
boom!
Everyone was stunned and stunned.
I didn’t expect that the synthetic ammonia that affected the world was actually related to Bruce Lee.
He was even called the "number one hero" by Harper.
Countless people were dumbfounded.
Especially those who had belittled and ridiculed Li Qiwei before, felt confused after reading this newspaper.
The contents of this newspaper made them jump up and down like clowns.
They frantically attacked Li Qiwei's physics to no avail. As a result, not only did they not come forward to explain, but they also let Haber reveal such a big thing.
The clown is actually myself.
As for Planck, Thomson and others, they were also frightened by Li Qiwei.
In the eyes of these big guys, synthetic ammonia is a chemical application.
The so-called research is to constantly test various chemical reaction conditions.
In other words, there is no technical content.
But Li Qiwei was different. He discovered theoretically that iron has a very good catalytic effect.
This is a bit scary.
The idea of physics guiding chemistry was once again perfectly embodied.
The most important thing is that in this achievement, Li Qiwei was low-key and humble, and did not claim credit. He was simply a moral model.
It can be said that this incident made everyone aware of Li Qiwei's upright and noble character.
The chemistry Nobel laureates who were so high-spirited before now can only smile bitterly.
"Bruce, Bruce, as long as you are here, chemistry will probably always be overshadowed by physics."
However, this still cannot stop their happiness.
There are not many beautiful words like this in the history of science, but it adds a touch of charm to chemistry.
Win-win!
As for Chris and others who helped Li Qiwei confront the trolls, they immediately ran to Li Qiwei's office and looked at their mentor devoutly as if they were worshiping gods.
He can always bring the greatest shock to the world.
Several people said in unison: "Professor Bruce, you are so amazing."
No wonder Professor Bruce was not anxious at all, it turned out that he had already surpassed everyone's imagination.
Li Qiwei smiled and said: "The pure will become clear, and the turbid will become turbid."
"You guys must always remember, don't try to prove yourself, just do your job well. "
After feeding him the daily chicken soup, Li Qiwei was very satisfied: Haber's transformation was successful, and now the other party should not become a gas demon in the future.
(End of this chapter)