Chapter 279 The future director of the "Nobel Prize Winner Kindergarten"!
As the second quantum theory conference gets closer and closer, the world of physics is gradually becoming more and more turbulent.
Many physicists have used the Bohr model to explain many phenomena that were previously unclear.
The Bohr model is becoming more and more popular.
But doubters are also sharpening their knives.
If you could point out the errors in Bohr's model at a conference, you would be the center of attention immediately.
This is the top conference in physics, with probably more than 500 participants.
Once you become famous, it can quickly spread throughout the world.
Therefore, there are many papers published recently, especially on quantum theory.
As a result, the journal "Nature" has been completely overwhelmed.
However, Li Qiwei had no time to help Lockyer this time.
Because he wanted to listen to the work report of the Chris trio.
Oh my God, these three people finally achieved something decent.
At the group meeting, Li Qiwei was holding a meeting in the conference room with his seven gourd babies and a young man.
Before the meeting started, Li Qiwei smiled and said: "Let me first introduce a new member to you."
"His name is Hubble. He is from the United States. You must all know his name."
"However, Hubble is not my doctoral student."
"He is Professor Michelson's school I am an exchange student."
"You will study here for one to two years."
"I hope you can get along well and communicate more."
Hubble then briefly introduced himself, then sat down quietly and waited for the meeting to begin.
At this time, Gregory stepped forward as a representative and introduced the latest discoveries made by him, Chris, and Yu Yin.
“Everyone, before introducing the results of our group, let me first introduce the research background so that everyone can understand the content.”
“Dutch physicist Professor Zeeman discovered in 1896 that if When the emission spectrum of an atom is placed in a strong enough magnetic field, the spectral lines will split into three. "
"This phenomenon is called the Zeeman effect."
"Later, Professor Zeeman speculated that since the atomic emission spectrum would split in a magnetic field, would this phenomenon also occur in an electric field?"
"So, he did the same experiment, but it didn't work. The splitting phenomenon was observed."
"Next, many physicists tried, but all failed without exception."
"Later, German physicists. Through theoretical calculations, Vogt believed that even if the electric field intensity reached 300V/cm, splitting would still not be seen. "
"So, physicists at the time believed that the electric field affected the emission spectrum of atoms. The effect is small and difficult to observe.”
"There have been very few studies on it, and there have been no important results until today."
"The research topic of our group is the role of atomic spectroscopy in strong electric fields."
>"We discussed it many times with Professor Bruce."
"He thinks Vogt's theory is wrong."
"The reason why the spectrum is not split in the electric field is because the electric field Not strong enough.”
Having said this, Gregory glanced at Qian Wushi and said with a smile:
"This is the same as Qian Wushi's superconductivity. It's not that there is no phenomenon, but the temperature is not low enough."
"Similarly, the problem we studied is that the voltage is not high enough."
"So, we kept increasing the electric field strength."
"Then we improved the experimental observations Method, use a spectrometer to observe in the direction parallel to the electric field. ”
"We finally saw the splitting phenomenon!"
"After many repetitions of the experiment, we can determine that the atomic emission spectrum also splits in the electric field."
"And the single spectral line also split Divided into three."
"This is a new physical phenomenon equivalent to the Zeeman effect."
Gregory said excitedly.
Because of the Zeeman effect, he won the second Nobel Prize in Physics.
Then their "electric field effect" also has a good chance of winning the Nobel Prize.
Gregory has never been so excited as he was today.
After listening to the report, Li Qiwei took the lead in applauding, and soon everyone else followed suit.
"Gregory, Chris, Yu Yin, you three are very good."
"I am very satisfied with this result."
"Also, how is the weak magnetic field experiment going?"
Gregory immediately calmed down and said: "There is no progress yet."< br>
Li Qiwei nodded and said: "This experiment may be difficult. You can start with hydrogen atoms."
In real history, physicists discovered that in a weak magnetic field, the strength of hydrogen atoms A single spectral line is no longer split into 3, but 4 or 5, which is very abnormal.
Therefore, this phenomenon is called [Abnormal Zeeman Effect].
The explanation was completed by Pauli, the master of finding faults.
This is the famous "Pauli Exclusion Principle".
The concept of electron spin needs to be introduced into the Bohr model.
However, the weak magnetic field itself is difficult to control, so this experiment is also relatively difficult to achieve.
It is understandable that Gregory and others have no results for the time being.
“However, I still have to congratulate you three.”
“I think this achievement is Nobel Prize-level.”
Wow!
Gregory and Chris were so excited that they almost cried.
The two of them never thought that such a day would come to them.
That is a Nobel Prize-level achievement.
Even if they don’t really get the Nobel Prize in the end, with Professor Bruce’s comments, it means they can graduate with a Ph.D.
In any era, graduating with a doctorate is full of hardships.
Countless people are depressed because of this.
In Li Qiwei's previous life, there were people in the research group who chose to drop out of school because they couldn't stand the pressure.
Some people even go to extremes.
So, a doctorate is really not something that ordinary people can get.
When you meet an unreliable tutor, you can only wait and cry.
However, Yu Yin looked very calm and his face was calm.
He felt that his experiment was too simple and not challenging.
I spent the whole day playing with electric fields, magnetic fields and electrons, which seemed of little value.
Li Qiwei looked at Yu Yin, inexplicably funny.
“Young man, you will have many tasks in the future, and they are guaranteed to be challenging.”
At this point, all seven of Li Qiwei’s doctoral students have met the graduation requirements.
They lived up to their instructor's high expectations and successfully completed their tasks.
The main reason is that Li Qiwei has already put the rice into his mouth.
This is still not settled, it can only be said to be fate.
Hubble listened to the research results of Gregory and others throughout the process.
Although he looked calm on the outside, there was already a huge wave in his heart.
Is this the educational method and strength of Professor Bruce?
It’s simply terrible!
Through Gregory's report, Hubble could feel that the other party was not the kind of student with extraordinary talents.
There are several areas that can be improved in the experiment so that the results will be more beautiful.
However, even so, under the guidance of Professor Bruce, they were still able to produce such exciting results.
This is a purely original research result.
This is something that many American physics professors dream of.
Now, I have witnessed its birth process with my own eyes.
From the background, to the research process, then the difficulties encountered, and the final results. A complete original research was vividly displayed in front of him.
At this moment, Hubble felt that American physics was indeed far behind Europe.
“My choice is right.”
“Only by coming to Europe can we learn real physics.”
“Instead of following the books and doing boring things Experiment."
"No wonder Professor Michelson tried his best to invite Professor Bruce to visit the United States."
"I'm afraid what he teaches in the United States is not even one percent of what he does."
There really is no gap without comparison.
Hubble was determined to study hard at Ridgway.
On July 1, 1911, the journal "Nature" published a paper by the three Gregorys.
According to Li Qiwei's suggestion, this phenomenon of splitting of the atomic spectrum in the electric field is called the "GKY effect".
That is, the abbreviations of the three people's names.
Once the paper was published, it immediately caused a huge sensation in the physics community.
Especially Lorenz and Zeeman immediately sent messages to congratulate Li Qiwei.
And publicly stated that this is a huge complement to the Zeeman effect.
It allows researchers to further understand the concept of atomic spectrum.
Physicists recognize that this is another Nobel Prize-level achievement.
Although the achievements of the three Gregorys are slightly inferior to those of Qian Wushi and Bohr.
However, the meaning behind this paper made everyone feel so horrified.
“Oh my God, so far, all seven of Professor Bruce’s doctoral students have achieved Nobel Prize-level results.”
“If they all successfully win Nobel Prizes in the future, Doesn’t it mean that Bruce brought out 7 students who won the Nobel Prize in Physics?”
"It's terrible, it's terrible."
"This will probably become a legend in the physics community."
"No, I will try to apply to be Professor Bruce's doctoral student as soon as possible."
“Maybe I can win a Nobel Prize in the future.”
For a time, people were discussing Li Qiwei even more than the paper.
After all, rather than envying others, if you can become Li Qiwei's student, you will truly soar to the sky.
Many people even dug up the details about Chris and Gregory.
Chris was a graduate of Cambridge University and later worked at Philips.
Gregory is a graduate of King's College London and has been an academic editor of the journal "Nature".
Before they became Bruce's doctor, they were just passers-by and had no reputation in physics.
However, such an ordinary person rose up immediately after being a doctoral student of Professor Bruce for two and a half years.
In the wave of modern physics, he has become a trend-setter and is very likely to win the Nobel Prize in the future.
Countless people envy chicken purple.
Among them are He Yujie, Xia Yuanwei and Xu Qitai who are far away in Asia.
The three people made insinuations and complaints in the telegram.
Li Qiwei couldn't help laughing.
No way, at that time he did not dare to give three people Nobel Prize-level results, because it would easily arouse suspicion.
After all, even he himself is only a young man in his twenties, and his status is far from as high as it is now.
If you know everything in any field, you are not a genius, but a freak, and you will be dragged into pieces by the UK.
So Li Qiwei drew cakes on the three of them to appease them:
"The Nobel Prize in Physics is just an illusory honor."
"Any award is awarded by people, it's no big deal."
"Don't be the person who is awarded the award by others, but be the person who receives the award. People who give awards to others."
"The future of the three of you is far beyond any award."
"Some of your students may even win a Nobel Prize in the future. Awesome award.”
"I have high expectations for the three of you, don't let me down."
After finishing the chicken soup, the three of them quickly replied that they were wrong.
And said that we will definitely speed up the Spark Project.
Li Qiwei smiled with satisfaction.
However, just as he comforted the three of them, another apprentice also became depressed.
Since the publication of the paper by the three Gregorys, Bohr has been looking sad.
Because he is sorting out the problems of Bohr's model recently.
The biggest problem in spectroscopy is the Zeeman effect.
According to his quantized atomic model, the Zeeman effect cannot be reasonably explained.
This made Bohr very worried.
He felt that someone would definitely ask this question at the second quantum theory conference.
It's a pity that there is nothing he can do.
Now, my fellow students have discovered a brand new spectroscopic phenomenon.
Bohr should have been happy.
But he found that his theory still could not explain this new phenomenon.
This made Bohr's heart feel cold.
I will die before I leave the army.
Before the meeting even started, there were already two unexplainable phenomena.
Bohr felt tremendous pressure.
He originally thought that his theory should be that God blocks and kills God, but he didn't expect to hit a wall so quickly.
Ridgway smiled and said to Bohr:
"Don't worry, Bohr, there must be more problems you can't explain."
"My special theory of relativity has been questioned, and I have not He gave up and made a ten-year agreement."
"Why, this little difficulty has hit you."
"Then you are not the Bo I know. ”
"No theory is perfect in its infancy."
"This is true of quantum theory, the theory of relativity, and the same is true of your Bohr model."
"Stronger than Newton and Maxwell, Their theory also encountered a lot of doubts at the beginning."
"Without doubts, your theory cannot grow."
"Don't treat it as a cold physical theory. It is to be treated as one’s own child.”
"Watching it grow up little by little, this is the real pursuit of physics."
Bohr instantly felt that his qualifications were very low, and the image of his mentor became taller.
"Professor, I understand, I will carefully prepare problems that I can solve."
"Those that cannot be solved temporarily indicate that my theory needs to be revised."
Li Qiwei nodded, and then encouraged: "Bohr, don't worry."
"I will help you when you encounter difficult problems."
"I have also been studying your theory recently, hoping to help you fill in the flaws."
Wow!
Bohr was instantly moved.
Professor Bruce is finally taking action himself.
Although he did not attend the first conference on quantum theory and relativity.
But he has heard the story of Professor Bruce killing everyone at the meeting many times.
He can often put forward incredible theories in the most thrilling situations, which makes people admire him.
Bohr thought: Stable.
(End of this chapter)