Chapter 323 You don’t really understand the general theory of relativity!
Amidst the applause of everyone, Li Qiwei slowly stood up.
He walked to the podium in front, with a tall and straight figure and deep and wise eyes.
Everyone felt the aura of God coming towards them.
This man is so scary!
At just 32 years old, he stands at the pinnacle of physics.
Compared with the greatest figures of all time.
Archimedes, Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Maxwell.
A hundred years later, Bruce's name will be alongside them and become a bright star in the sky of human science.
His name represents an era.
Everyone present felt a profound sense of witnessing and participating in history.
At this time, Ridgway said loudly:
"My speech today has two parts."
"The first part is to introduce my general theory of relativity."< br>
“The second part talks about the future of modern physics.”
Wow!
These two simple sentences shocked the big guys present.
General relativity is okay, everyone knows that Bruce will definitely explain it in detail today.
It is the future of physics. What does it mean?
Didn’t the future already be predicted at the first Blues Conference?
Is there any difference?
The big guys can’t help but think about it.
Li Qiwei continued: "I believe that after three months, you should have a deep understanding of my general theory of relativity."
As soon as he finished speaking, there was a loud sound in the venue. There were whispers.
Madame Curie said elegantly: "Bruce, you really think too highly of me."
"I asked several mathematics professors, but they couldn't figure out your mathematical derivation part."
"It's too difficult."
"I should never be able to fully understand it in my life. "
Everyone laughed at Madame Curie's honesty.
The people present are all big guys in the field of physics, and they don’t care about the other party’s bullshit public opinion.
In their eyes, Marie Curie was a very admirable woman.
Marie Curie was an excellent experimental physicist, but her mathematics may not even compare to that of an undergraduate student.
So, it is completely normal that she cannot understand the mathematical part of general relativity.
At this time, Rutherford smiled and said: "Mrs. Curie, you have to be confident, you will never be alone."
"Like you, I have studied several times. I just couldn’t understand it and gave up.”
"Anyway, I have already acquiesced that Bruce is right."
The big guys present could only smile and shake their heads.
It is true that they cannot fully understand it.
But the derivation of the two basic principles and the logic of the five prophecies can still be understood.
This does not require deep mathematical knowledge.
However, not everyone understands it.
Einstein, Laue, Born, Bohr and Qian were in high spirits and looked eager to try.
But the seniors present said they couldn’t understand, and they were too embarrassed to be too showy.
Li Qiwei thinks these guys should be fine.
Especially Qian Wushi, his mathematical skills are very solid.
Li Qiwei felt that his mathematics should be the second best among those present.
The first is of course himself.
In real history, when the general theory of relativity was first published, no one could understand it.
But after a while, the top bosses can still understand.
Li Qiwei continued with a smile: "Of course, the Riemannian geometry I used is, in the final analysis, just a tool to describe the curvature of space."
"The real core of general relativity is actually its two basic principles."
"The same as the two basic principles of special relativity."
"The basic principle of general relativity is the entire theory "
"Anyone who wants to refute Guangxi must refute my basic principles."
"As for Riemannian geometry and the five predictions, they are just the derivation of principles. ”
"Just like Euclidean geometry, so many laws are derived from the five postulates."
"Similarly, if you recognize the two basic principles of general phase, then it means that you understand "Guangxiang."
"Of course, the basic principles of Guangxiang are not just my imagination, but derived from facts and thought experiments."
"This part, I believe everyone here can understand it.”
“Otherwise, I’m afraid there would have been many papers opposing the Prime Minister.”
"It's no longer my turn to give a report here."
The big guys smiled knowingly.
They have indeed carefully studied the two principles proposed by Ridgway: the principle of equivalence and the principle of general relativity.
Attempt to find its fatal flaw like the special theory of relativity.
But unfortunately, everyone can get nothing.
General relativity is so perfect that it is so perfect that it is impeccable.
Even Laue and Born, who like to find faults the most and have the sharpest vision, have to admit it.
General relativity is theoretically self-consistent.
It is a great theory like Newtonian mechanics and Maxwellian electromagnetism.
Well, although Newtonian mechanics has been overturned by general relativity.
This is why the general theory of relativity has not been verified by a large number of experiments after it came out.
But top physicists almost all agree on it.
Because it’s perfect.
Physics is a subject that strives for perfection.
Because all physicists believe that the truth of the universe expressed in mathematical form must be symmetrical and perfect.
Of course, physicists at this moment still don’t know what kind of changes the word [symmetry] will bring to physics.
The general theory of relativity uses only one formula to describe the relationship between space, time and matter in the universe.
This is simply wonderful for all physicists.
It should not and cannot be wrong.
Don’t think that physicists are also superstitious.
This kind of thinking actually contains profound philosophical truth.
So, in real history, after the general theory of relativity was published, it was rarely questioned by top physicists.
Because everyone recognizes it.
On the contrary, in later generations, various civil sciences questioned the Prime Minister from various angles.
Li Qiwei felt very funny when he thought of this.
"And, here, I need to clarify a question."
"Although general relativity has theoretically overturned Newton's classical mechanics."
"But I personally respect Sir Newton very much. ”
“And his mechanical theory is still a great physical theory and is not outdated at all.”
“Because the theory of relativity is far less simple than Newtonian mechanics when dealing with low-speed problems.”
"And the theory of relativity is not suitable for low-speed fields."
"So, Newton's classical mechanics is still worthy of respect."
Wow!
Li Qiwei’s words shocked everyone present.
He has obviously overthrown Newton. This is something that many people want to do, but dare not and cannot do.
However, the man in front of him not only did it, he didn't even take pride in it.
On the contrary, Newtonian mechanics is still placed in the supreme and great position.
This magnanimity and courage impressed everyone.
“Bruce deserves his reputation as the number one person in physics.”
“He has achieved the ultimate in both strength and character.”
The big guys are not shy about their praise.
The reason why Li Qiwei clarified this issue was because later generations had deep misunderstandings about Newtonian mechanics.
After learning the theory of relativity, many students feel that Newtonian mechanics is wrong.
It is nothing but an approximation of the theory of relativity.
In fact, this statement is wrong.
There is nothing "wrong" about Newtonian mechanics. It and the theory of relativity are two different systems.
In fact, they are two completely independent theories.
Newtonian mechanics explains the world at low speeds from another perspective.
In Newton's system, Newtonian mechanics is very perfect and has its own completeness.
It is also very convenient and clear to use.
This is why even though the theory of relativity has been developed, later generations still use Newton’s system for the study of mechanics.
Because it’s good!
Very friendly for analyzing low-speed problems.
Unlike the theory of relativity, it is too cumbersome to use.
Therefore, Newton is ranked first in the history of physics.
The mechanical system he created was definitely not overturned by Einstein.
The two are complementary.
Li Qiwei’s analysis made everyone think that they truly understood the general theory of relativity.
However, he went on to say domineeringly: "However, what I want to say is that in fact, you do not really understand the general theory of relativity."
boom!
Everyone was shocked.
Especially Einstein, Qian Wushi, Bohr and others, their eyes widened even more.
“How is it possible?”
“I asked several mathematicians to understand Riemannian geometry and tensor analysis, how could I not understand it.”
"I even deduced it myself."
They were instantly unconfident.
Because Professor Bruce never talks big.
Li Qiwei looked at their expressions and said with a smile:
"Perhaps you can understand the general theory of relativity itself."
"But I believe no one has seriously thought about its interpretation of the nature of force."
"At the first Bruce Conference, I once raised the problems of classical physics."
"There is a small problem. I don't know if you still have an impression."
"That is the concept of field."
"In the general theory of relativity, I used the gravitational field Concept.”
"I'm afraid many people are puzzled by this."
"Obviously I have denied the existence of gravity. Gravity is just a manifestation of the curvature of space and time."
"Why do I need to introduce this in a redundant way? What about concepts?”
“Actually, I don’t think so, but I do it out of necessity.”
“Because, I think, field may be a concept that is inseparable from time and space.”
"Our understanding of the market is still too shallow."
Boom!
Everyone present was shocked and felt incredible.
In 1837, Faraday first proposed the concepts of electric and magnetic fields.
Since then, fields have become a default phenomenon for physicists.
All physicists have a consensus: the field is a kind of substance, which is invisible and colorless, but it actually exists.
Note that the substance here is different from the concept of substance in our daily life.
Stones, flowers, and air are all substances, and everyone understands them easily.
But the field is invisible and intangible, and it has no weight, so how can it be matter.
Actually, there is a bit of philosophical knowledge implicit in it.
That is, the field is an objective existence, and this existence is also a substance in the physical sense.
Matters do not have to have entities.
Ignoring everyone’s shock, Ridgway continued:
“The electromagnetic field described by Maxwell’s equations excites electromagnetic waves.”
“The gravitational field excites electromagnetic waves. gravitational waves.”
"From a symmetry point of view, I have to propose the concept of field."
"Because the essence of the field is to exert force on the matter placed in the field."
"Space-time From a certain perspective, the impact caused by bending still belongs to the category of force."
"That is, gravity."
"This is very critical and very complicated. I hope everyone can pay attention to it. Consider.”
"Because starting from Newton, we have not correctly defined the concept of [force]."
"Newton's three laws of mechanics are not strictly defined, but default to the existence of force."
“Its strength is just an intuition of us humans.”
“Just like electromagnetic force, no one can say clearly what its essence is.”
“ We only know that charged particles will be acted upon by forces in the electromagnetic field and then move.”
"But we don't know the profound principle behind this."
"Is it possible that the so-called electromagnetic field, like the gravitational field, is also something more essential that is bending?"
Hiss!
Li Qiwei’s words completely shocked everyone present.
They have never thought about this problem.
force.
The birth of this concept cannot be tested anymore.
But it has a history of at least one or two thousand years.
No one has ever thought so deeply about the nature of force as Li Qiwei.
Even the big guys present were trapped.
"It's incredible. After listening to Bruce's analysis, I realized that I didn't understand the general theory of relativity."
"Bruce is simply terrible. His physical intuition is unmatched. The concept of connecting force, It can be squeezed out by him.”
“It’s scary to think about it. The concept of force may be like a crisis in mathematics. This is a crisis in the building of physics.”
"Force is the basis of all branches of physics. If there is a problem with it, it means that other theories have problems."
At this moment, everyone's admiration for Li Qiwei increased to a new level.
Everyone suddenly felt that he should not have the same kind of throne as people like themselves.
You should create a unique one for him alone.
Genealogy of the history of physics, Li Qiwei needs a separate page.
“Of course, with the current knowledge of physics, we still cannot deeply understand the nature of force.”
“But this at least gives us a direction to continue exploring.”
"The general theory of relativity is a theory involving the nature of gravity."
"This may have reference significance for our understanding of other types of forces."
"I think this is what a theoretical physicist is Issues that need attention. "
"As for the five major predictions, to be honest, I don't pay much attention to them."
"They are just natural phenomena caused by the laws of the universe."
"It does not represent the truth itself."
Wow!
Such pretentious words made Bohr and others dumbfounded.
People outside are already making a fuss about the five prophecies.
Prove it alone and you will be famous in the history of physics.
As a result, according to Professor Bruce, it turned out to be just an ordinary achievement.
Sure enough, comparing people to each other is really annoying.
Immediately afterwards, Li Qiwei demonstrated the derivation process of Guangxiang to everyone.
Analyze and explain the difficulties to everyone.
Of the big guys present outside, there is no one who is not a powerful figure.
As a result, here, I can only listen to Li Qiwei's class quietly like a primary school student.
Rutherford just lowered his head and picked up something.
When I look up, I see a black man with a question mark face.
"What's the matter? There were only three lines of formulas just now, why are there thirty lines now."
Soon, Li Qiwei demonstrated the derivation process to everyone from beginning to end.
At this moment, everyone present had no doubts.
From a theoretical point of view, there is no doubt about the correctness of Guangxiang.
The rest depends on experimental verification.
(End of this chapter)