Chapter 365 The essence of physical research, the truth never ends!
Li Qiwei’s question confused everyone present.
Even people who are not in the field of physics are very familiar with the phenomenon of triboelectricity.
As for teachers and students majoring in physics, the first physics experiment they did when they were in school was triboelectricity.
Professor Li is right, this question does seem too simple.
It was so simple that everyone thought Li Qiwei had made a mistake.
"Nani? Professor Li actually said that no one can answer this question? Isn't this a joke!"
"This is impossible, I think I can do it."
“Is there really any mystery to this question?”
Most people present were completely confused about what Li Qiwei meant.
Friction generates electricity, does this need an explanation?
I’m afraid even children know this.
But the physics bosses had solemn expressions and stared at Li Qiwei closely, thinking about the meaning.
Hantaro Nagaoka and Aiki Tanakadate were whispering something.
Yoshio Nishina rubbed his chin with his right hand, thinking quietly.
Because he knew that any of Professor Li Qiwei's questions was definitely not as simple as it seemed.
But his arrogance does not allow him to make a fool of himself in public.
He knew that the accepted answer was definitely wrong.
At least, not what Professor Li thinks is right.
The second blues conference has left a deep memory on him.
Non-physics experts such as Dari Kikuchi are also very curious about this issue.
At their level, when dealing with problems, they no longer just want to solve them, but to draw inferences from the problems to see more essential things.
Of course, now they are thinking about it, but they don’t understand what it means.
“Sure enough, there is a huge gap between Professor Li Qiwei and us.”
“Although I don’t know what the profound meaning of this question is, it must have profound meaning.”
At this time, an eight or nine-year-old child from Sakura Country in the crowd was happily saying to his father next to him:
"Father, you taught me this experiment."
"Glass After the rods and silk are rubbed, one becomes positively charged and the other becomes negatively charged, and then they can attract small things."
"Why does Professor Li say this problem is difficult?"
Ogawa Takuharu. He patted his son's head with doting eyes.
As a professor of geography at Kyoto Imperial University, he has focused on cultivating children's scientific interests since childhood.
His son Hideki Ogawa is the most talented among the five brothers and sisters.
He showed extremely high scientific talent at a young age.
Ogawa Takuji built a simple science laboratory at home for him.
You can do physical experiments, chemical experiments, observe fossil specimens, etc. there.
Basically, he is training his son Hideki Ogawa as a future scientist.
So, Hideki Ogawa, who is only 8 years old this year, knows a lot of scientific knowledge compared to his peers.
At the same time, he also developed a strong interest in science.
As for the experiment of triboelectricity, Ogawa Takuji personally led him to do it.
Hideki Ogawa feels very magical.
When two uncharged objects rub against each other, they can generate electricity.
At this time, Ogawa Takuji said softly:
"Hideki, every phenomenon in nature has a reason behind it."
"For example, why do birds do what they do? Fly?”
“Why does the rain fall?”
"These phenomena have their own reasons."
"What Professor Li asked is the reason behind frictional electricity generation."
"Do you understand?"
Ogawa Hideki nodded his little head, not sure whether he understood it or not.
After Li Qiwei raised the question, although there were whispers in the venue, no one raised their hands to answer immediately.
Because this question surprised everyone.
Many people are afraid of becoming the laughing stock of everyone after standing up to answer.
On such an occasion, it would be really embarrassing if a joke was made.
Li Qiwei stood on the stage and glanced around.
Compared to Europe and the United States, Sakura Country is indeed too weak as a whole, which leads to an inferiority complex in their hearts.
Suddenly, he saw a child behind the crowd raising his hand.
Li Qiwei was startled, then a smile appeared on his lips.
"The kid raised his hand, let him answer."
Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
They quickly looked at each other and found that it was a child.
"Huh? Why did a child come into today's meeting?"
"My son is about the same age as him, and he is still playing in the mud at home. Can this kid answer questions?"< br>
"I'm afraid I'm not here to cause trouble."
At this moment, under the shocked eyes of Ogawa Takuji, his son Ogawa Hideki had already stood up.
Ogawa Takuji was stunned on the spot and couldn't even hear everyone's comments.
“Nani?”
Then, he just couldn’t laugh or cry.
Soon, many people saw Takuji Ogawa and guessed the identity of the child.
“Oh, it turns out to be the genius boy from Professor Ogawa’s family.”
"Ogawa Hideki is not an ordinary child. The last time I met him, he explained to me the differences between dinosaur fossils from different eras."
At this time, Ogawa Takuji had to stand up and said apologetically:
"Sorry, Professor Li, this is my son Hideki Ogawa, please don't argue with him."
"He admires you very much and often asks me to tell your stories to you. He listened."
"I don't know why he stood up."
Li Qiwei was slightly startled when he heard the name.
Hideki Ogawa?
Does it have anything to do with Hideki Yukawa?
Then, the information in my mind explained the situation.
“Oh, it turns out that after getting married, my wife’s family name was changed to Yukawa.”
"This is like a fantasy in China."
"When a man marries a woman, he actually changes it to the woman's surname."
The child in front of him will be the number one in the Sakura Kingdom in the future. Hideki Yukawa won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
He is extremely talented in the field of particle physics and has even been praised by Heisenberg and others.
So, Li Qiwei said to Ogawa Takuji:
"Everyone has the right to express an opinion, regardless of his age and gender."
"In the field of physics, sometimes the innocence of children can be more inspiring."
" Because children like to ask questions, and they often get to the bottom of things.”
Wow!
The crowd was shocked by these words.
Everyone was conquered by Li Qiwei's big heart.
Even when facing a child, the other party maintains an attitude of equal treatment in science.
This is the real scientist!
Be in awe of the truth.
If Bolqian's fifth division and others were here, they would definitely say: Yes, you are right. Come and hold two group meetings, and you will be honest.
At this time, Li Qiwei said with a smile:
"Ogawa Hideki, stand up, are you going to answer the question I just asked?"
"Why does friction generate electricity?"
No one knows at this moment what a profound impression Li Qiwei's words just made on Ogawa Hideki's heart.
This also planted the seeds for his subsequent series of actions.
Ogawa Hideki said childishly:
"Yes, Professor Li."
"I have done this experiment before."
"Although I didn't think about why at the time ."
"But I just figured it out."
The crowd was surprised.
For an 8-year-old child to have this ability to express himself, he is already very powerful.
Even if Hideki Ogawa couldn't answer, no one would blame him harshly.
“I think it may be friction that makes the positive and negative charges unevenly distributed.”
“For example, glass rods and silk, they are themselves charged.”
"But after friction, the negative charge on the glass rod ran to the silk, and the positive charge on the silk ran to the glass rod."
"So, they became charged."
Ogawa Hideki's answer surprised everyone.
What was shocking was not his answer itself, but his logical thinking ability.
If you can speak these professional terms at a young age, you can already beat your peers.
Not to mention the analysis is organized.
Children don’t know the concept of electrons, so of course they can’t explain this problem.
However, these adults knew it, but they did not have the courage to stand up.
Because Professor Li Qiwei’s problem cannot be that simple.
At this time, Li Qiwei smiled and said: "Ogawa Hideki, your answer is very good."
"You will definitely become an outstanding physicist in the future."
The crowd exclaimed!
Hantaro Nagaoka felt moved when he heard this.
The last child who was evaluated by Professor Ridgway was Bohr, who is now a famous figure in the world of physics.
He made up his mind to observe and train this child well.
Ogawa Hideki was also pressed down by his father. Next, children should not get involved.
At this time, Li Qiwei continued: "I know that everyone here must think that there is something wrong with my question."
"The phenomenon of triboelectricity is too important in the field of physics. It’s a classic.”
“It’s so classic that even a kid like Hideki Ogawa knows it.”
“How is it possible that no one can answer this question?”
"Since you don't dare to say it, then I'll do it myself."
Wow!
Everyone in the venue immediately began to listen attentively.
“About the phenomenon of electricity, ancient people in both Asia and Europe have written a lot about it.”
“Because humans can often see thunder and lightning, electricity itself is not unusual. ”
"However, the study of the nature of electricity has gone through a long time."
"As early as the 4th century BC, people in ancient Greece discovered that after wiping amber with fur, amber could attract small Objects. ""Such as hair, debris, etc."
"In the 16th century, Queen Elizabeth's physician, Gilbert, discovered that this phenomenon was not just a problem. It will happen to amber."
"This attraction will also happen to glass, diamond, paraffin and other substances."
"Gilbert named this thing that can produce attraction as electricity, that is, [electricity] based on the Greek word for amber [elektor]."
"He was also the first person to create the physical concept of electricity. One person. "
"At that time, he believed that electricity should be a fluid, not possessed by a single object, but must appear when two objects rub against each other."
"This is somewhat similar to the idea of child Hideki Ogawa."
The physics story Li Qiwei told me mesmerized everyone present.
They had never looked at physics in this light.
But I was instilled with the concept of electricity when I was in school.
This kind of teaching from the source gives everyone a deeper understanding of physics.
Even a physics master like Nagaoka Hantaro listened with great interest.
“Hey, this is the difference between Professor Li and us ordinary people.”
"His knowledge is so profound, it's like standing outside the long river of physical time and understanding everything in physics."
Tanakadate Aiki even sighed: "This is what I have heard so far. The best physics class.”
The big guys present were already impressed.
Li Qiwei continued:
"In the early 18th century, the British inventor Gray, known as the father of electricity, contacted the charged glass rod with other objects."
"After contact, these objects actually exerted the same attraction."
"This shows that electricity can be transferred between different objects."
"This also verifies that electricity is a In terms of fluid, it is not a unique property of a certain substance."
"As more and more people study electricity, people soon discover that electricity not only has an attraction effect, but also has an attraction effect. Repulsion. ”
“When a charged glass rod comes into contact with copper chips, there will be repulsion between the copper chips and the glass rod. ”
"However, after a period of time, a newer phenomenon appeared."
"French physicist Diffe discovered that first rubbing a glass rod with silk made the glass rod charged; then using resin and The friction of the fur makes the resin electrified."
"Let the glass rod contact a part of the copper chips, and then let the resin contact a part of the copper chips."
"At this time, the two copper chips are no longer repulsive. , but they are attracted to each other. "
"Therefore, Dife speculated that there are two kinds of electricity in nature, one is called glass electricity and the other is resin electricity. "
"Glass electricity and glass electricity, or resin electricity and resin electricity will repel, but glass electricity and resin electricity will attract."
"This is the two-fluid theory of electricity that was once popular."
“However, in the mid-18th century, Franklin in the United States proposed a brand new theory: the single fluid theory.”
“By the way, this Franklin is the one who locked the thunder and lightning in the bottle. "He believes that every substance is electrically charged, but when there is no friction, the electricity is full and does not exhibit the effect of electricity."
"To give a vivid example, fill a bottle with water. No matter how you shake the bottle, the water inside will not shake."
"The same is true for electricity."
"According to this Theoretically, when the glass rod rubs against the silk, part of the electricity on the silk will be transferred to the glass rod. "
"At this time, the electricity on the glass rod is redundant, and the electricity on the silk is lacking. ”
“Franklin believes that this excess electricity is glass electricity, and the missing electricity is resin electricity.”
"He also gave a name to the two types of electricity, which is still used today."
"Glass electricity is positive electricity, and resin electricity is negative electricity."
"At the same time, he invented [charge] 】This word is used to describe the amount and amount of electricity on an object. "
"At that time, people were arguing over the two-fluid hypothesis and the single-fluid hypothesis, because both hypotheses could perfectly explain the discovered electricity. Phenomenon."
"This controversy did not officially end until my mentor, Professor Thomson, discovered the existence of electrons."
"Now, we know that when the glass rod and silk are rubbed, the electrons on the glass rod run to the silk."
"The electrons are negatively charged, so the silk is negatively charged, while the glass rod is Positively charged. "
"But it should be noted that the reason why the electron's charge is artificially specified as negative is mainly to follow Franklin's statement. "
"In fact, it can also be used. The charge of electrons is defined as positive, so the nucleus is negatively charged."
"At this point, you should find that whether it is the single-fluid hypothesis or the two-fluid hypothesis, they are essentially side descriptions of the electronic phenomenon. .”
"Therefore, both hypotheses are correct."
"It's just that single fluid is more convenient to use."
When talking about this, countless people present showed a sudden realization. expression.
I didn’t expect that a small triboelectric phenomenon would go through such a complicated research process.
During this period, physicists gave full play to their imagination and extended the concept of electricity step by step.
"Now, back to my question."
"I think the answer in most people's minds should be the one I said at the end."
"The essence of triboelectricity is The electrons on the glass rod were transferred to the silk."
People in the field of physics in the audience nodded silently.
The standard official answer is indeed this.
Is there anything wrong with this?
“However, I think this is far from enough.”
“The purpose of telling this story is to tell everyone that the essence of physical research is that truth never ends!”
“Now, let me lead everyone to continue to study the phenomenon of triboelectricity.”
“We can’t help but ask, why do the electrons on the glass rod travel to the silk when the glass rod rubs against the silk? ”
"When the resin and fur rub, the electrons run from the fur to the resin."
"I can tell you responsibly that there is still no correct answer to this question to this day."
>"Even I don't know."
Boom!
The crowd was completely shocked.
No one expected this to be the case.
“Nani? Professor Li Qiwei can even figure out the theory of relativity, but he doesn’t know the principle of triboelectricity.”
“I didn’t expect that the simplest problem would actually be the most difficult. Question."
"Today's speech really stabbed my butt and opened my eyes."
Hantaro Nagaoka, Yoshio Nishina and others also looked shocked.
A small amount of friction generates electricity, but it is full of mysteries.
It is simply unimaginable that Professor Li Qiwei, the first person in physics, is at a loss.
Looking at everyone’s shocked looks, Li Qiwei smiled softly.
The nature of triboelectricity, let alone now, even in his previous life, was still an unsolved mystery.
There is no generally accepted unified explanation in the physics community.
Because it involves the study of complex conditions on the surface of objects.
It is a special field where micro and macro are intertwined.
At this time, he continued:
“Now Europe has begun to study the nature of triboelectricity in depth.”
“Physicists have even discovered that friction itself It is not a necessary condition, but as long as there is contact between different objects. ”
"Friction is just a special case of long-term full contact."
"Different objects have different desires for electrons, but the specific factors that affect this desire are currently unknown."< br>
“We can only sort out a ranking list of triboelectricity of different substances based on a large number of experiments.”
“The higher the ranking substance, the easier it is to lose electrons, and vice versa. Get electrons."
"Perhaps in the future, when the microscopic theory becomes more mature, we may be able to uncover the nature of triboelectricity."
"This is the charm of physics, this is the charm of science!"
"Scientists in Europe and the United States often have a temperament that ordinary people think is over the top."
"However, , It is precisely because of this spirit that their science has advanced by leaps and bounds, leaving Asia far behind."
"In order to prove the lever theorem, Mozi from China only wrote a few sentences. . ”
“But Archimedes of ancient Greece wrote a paper of more than ten pages. ”
"Because Mozi saw the surface, while Archimedes broke the pot and asked the truth."
"At least in the field of science, I agree more with Archimedes' approach."
>"Modern science is about thinking about the world the way the ancient Greeks did."
Phew!
Li Qiwei’s words suddenly plunged the venue into silence.
Everyone's hearts felt like a storm was rising.
Is this the strength of the world’s first scientific man?
It’s really terrible.
A simple electrical phenomenon was described with an epic feeling in the other party's mouth.
This profound knowledge requires, in addition to reading a lot of books, the deepest insight into physics.
The physics bosses present thought to themselves that they could not do this.
Professor Li Qiwei seemed to be at ease.
What is rare and valuable is that the other party does not have narrow national sentiments.
He even publicly recognized ancient Greece instead of boasting about Chinese scientific research methods.
This rigorous, realistic, and cold attitude puts many Sakura Country scientists to shame.
Compared to Professor Li, they are far behind.
Hantaro Nagaoka was particularly impressed because his Saturn model was so highly praised.
At this moment, everyone felt the meaning of the big word among great scientists.
That is the simple value that transcends everything and only pursues the truth.
All inclusive!
Western science is powerful for a reason.
This diligent belief is the most important quality of a researcher.
Immediately, thunderous applause erupted in the venue.
Li Qiwei impressed everyone with his simple opening story.
Although Ogawa Hideki didn't understand it at all, it didn't stop him from being shocked by this story.
His father Takuji Ogawa was even more emotional.
If all the teachers in the Sakura Kingdom were like Li Qiwei, he couldn't imagine how powerful the Sakura Kingdom would be.
But he could only think about it.
“A figure like Professor Li only appears once in hundreds or even thousands of years.”
“Being able to listen to a lecture is a blessing in life.”
Li Qiwei looked at everyone's shocked look, and his heart was also in turmoil.
Chinese culture for thousands of years cannot find a spiritual core suitable for scientific research.
Science means constantly asking why, and then asking why of why.
Keep asking until there is no way to go deeper, that is the ultimate truth.
Today, Li Qiwei finally gave Asian scientists a little shock.
Only by first recognizing the nature of scientific research can we hope to surpass the West.
Otherwise it is just a matter of imitation.
(End of this chapter)