Chapter 388 Shocking Experiment Question! Re-take the path of the sages to the top! Five of the most beautiful experiments in physics!
On July 3, 1916, the first Physics Olympiad experimental question competition was about to begin.
The 80 contestants, led by the navigator, walked towards the competition venue.
It has a mysterious feeling.
Everyone is curious.
"Huh? Why weren't the experimental questions taken on the third floor the day before yesterday?"
"Maybe it's because the experimental questions require experiments, which require a lot of space."
"Even if you do experiments, It should be some simple experiments. Can’t place a table?”
“I don’t know, we’ll find out when we get to the location.”
Irena kept observing among the people. .
Suddenly, she asked:
"Wu, it seems you didn't show us around this road last time."
"Do you know where we are going now?"
< br>Wu Youxun was confused at this moment, and he was also very curious.
“I don’t know either.”
"I only have the authority to show you around the periphery. This should be the core of the City of Science."
"It shouldn't be completely built yet, and I don't have the authority to come in."
yi Reina said oh, it seems that the experimental question this time is definitely not simple.
After walking for about ten minutes, everyone came to a huge building.
This building looks ordinary and square on the outside.
The only feature is that it is large, with an area similar to four football fields.
“What is the use of such a big building?”
At this time, the navigator said:
“This is the competition venue. Please enter in an orderly manner. "
"The principal and professors are already waiting inside."
Everyone suppressed their curiosity and walked into the building together.
As soon as I entered, I was stunned by the sight in front of me.
The huge hall was divided into separate areas by white wooden boards.
Each individual area is as large as a house.
Looking around, there is no end in sight.
It makes people want to find out.
Before the players could ask questions, Li Qiwei came over with the heads of delegations from various countries.
There is another large group of people behind them.
When the students saw Professor Bruce coming, they stood up quickly with excited expressions on their faces.
They were obviously tortured to death by Professor Bruce's questions, but now they are looking forward to it extremely much.
Li Qiwei chuckled and said:
"Hello, fellow contestants."
"Today's experimental question competition will be held here."
"This building is located in The center of the city of science.”
“I believe you must be curious about what is being built here.”
"I can decrypt it for you in advance."
"This will be a science museum in the future."
"And it will be the largest science museum in the world."
< br>Wow!
Many students were shocked.
"Science museum?"
Li Qiwei continued:
"Science museum is not a new thing."
"In 1820, France established the world's first science and technology museum -French National Museum of Technology. ”
“It contains advanced machinery, instruments, objects and models of various inventions at that time. ”
"In 1851, the Science Museum in London was established."
"It focuses on the science and technology related to the Industrial Revolution."
"In 1906, Germany established the Deutsche Museum."
“What is displayed there is mainly Germany’s achievements in the field of science.”
“However, in my opinion, the above science museums are all based on the operating principles of traditional museums.”
"Traditional science and technology museums pay attention to the scientific and technological cultural relics of past dynasties. The exhibits are mainly for display, and the audience is generally prohibited from touching them with their hands."
"But I think this is contrary to the spirit of science."
< br>"The modern science museum I want to build will highlight its educational function."
"The modern science and technology museum will focus more on exploring the future development of science and technology."
"In In terms of exhibition format, the traditional science and technology museum display type is replaced by a hands-on type. ”
"The Modern Science and Technology Museum organically integrates display, activities, and participation."
"It mainly displays exhibits that reflect the principles and applications of modern science."
"Encourage the audience to do hands-on operations. Learn and explore scientific knowledge through hands-on interaction. "
"I think this is the core concept of the modern science museum."
All the contestants didn't realize it.
An ordinary museum suddenly became taller when Professor Bruce said it.
This is the awesomeness of the boss.
The same thing, but others are more awesome.
“You are very lucky to be the first audience here.”
“And it is the audience who really do experiments.”
"Next, Professor Bohr will explain to you the rules of the experimental competition."
Bohr stepped forward and said:
"The rules of the experimental part of the first Physics Olympiad, It has been distributed to you now.”
“You can watch and listen at the same time.”
While he was speaking, specialized personnel were already distributing it.
"Under the suggestions of the heads of our delegations, this competition has been modified to a certain extent."
"Now, what you have in your hands is the latest Physics 1900 selected by the journal Nature The five most beautiful experiments before 2008.”
Before returning to China, Li Qiwei once suggested that Gregory try to publish some ranking-type popular science articles.
To expand the audience of "Nature".
For example, the most famous scientists, the most famous papers, etc.
Now that war has broken out in Europe, "Nature" has been greatly affected, and the number of submitted papers has dropped significantly.
So, Gregory began to concentrate on compiling summary rankings related to the history of science.
On the one hand, it is to create gimmicks, and on the other hand, it allows more ordinary people to understand the fun of science.
After all, real science may not be of interest to many people.
But if you compare which scientist is more awesome, it will definitely trigger a large-scale discussion.
In Li Qiwei's previous life, there were many such rankings, and the debate was fierce.
Including the second chapter of this book, it also caused a lot of controversy and discussion.
Wu Youxun quickly looked at the paper and saw that it read:
"The five most beautiful experiments in physics before 1900."
"The ranking is in chronological order. ”
"Experiment 1: Galilean Acceleration Experiment."
"Experiment 2: Cavendish Torque Experiment." (Force)
"Experiment 3: Thomas Young's Double Slit Interference Experiment." ( Light)
"Experiment 4: Faraday's electromagnetic induction experiment." (Electromagnetism)
"Experiment 5: Joule thermal work equivalent experiment." (Heat)
At this time, Bohr continued:
“These classic experiments represented a major breakthrough in physics at that time.”
“I believe that you must also be very knowledgeable in your daily studies. Familiar. "
"However, except for the first experiment, no one has done the other four."
"The rules for the experimental questions of this physics Olympiad are as follows:"
"Each person will choose one of the four experiments from Experiment 2 to Experiment 5 by drawing lots."
"The question requirement is very simple, that is, to reproduce the selected experiment and draw the corresponding conclusion."< br>
“The full score is 20 points. Our delegation has had a rigorous discussion about the specific scoring criteria.”
“Refined to every key step.”
“ Ensure fairness and justice.”
"For a detailed explanation, you can read the content on the paper."
As he spoke, Bohr pointed to the white isolation room behind him.
"Those are the experimental places for each of you." "A total of 80 rooms, single rooms."
"In each room, there are four A complete set of instruments and equipment required for the experiment.”
"And each room will be equipped with a dedicated recorder."
"They are all volunteers recruited by Professor Bruce from China."
"The professionalism of the recorders, please Don’t worry.”
“They all graduated with a bachelor’s degree in physics.”
“After more than ten days of intensive training, they are fully capable of recording and recording. Supervision work.”
"Moreover, we, the heads of the delegation, will all take turns inspecting your experiments."
"Finally, we will combine your experimental results and give unified scores."
"In addition, Huaxia The five members of the team, and their record keepers, will be drawn by lot from the team leaders from other countries."
"To ensure fairness"
"The experiment time is morning plus afternoon. ”
"Someone will deliver food to you in the middle."
"The above is all the content of the experimental questions for this Olympiad."
"If you have any questions, you can ask them."
"If there is no doubt, we will start drawing lots to choose the topic."
Wow!
When Bohr finished explaining the rules of the game, everyone was stunned.
No wonder they haven’t seen the group leaders for more than ten days.
It turns out that the big guys are preparing the content of the experimental questions.
Each experiment requires subdivided step scores, and you will know how complicated it is when you think about it.
Only these physics masters are qualified to evaluate.
The contestants really didn't expect that the experimental questions would be in this way.
Each of these four experiments is the most classic and well-known physics experiment.
It can be said that he was the pinnacle representative of wisdom at that time.
Now, undergraduates like them are asked to repeat it.
“God, this is too exaggerated.”
"Compared with these experiments, the experiments we usually do are just like the sky and the earth."
"Yes, we can only do some experiments on small ball collisions and pulleys and sliders."
>"Now we have to repeat the experiments of these big guys."
"It's over, I feel like I'm going to get zero points."
At this moment, even European and American students began to cry.
Yes, the university they were in had a very high-end laboratory.
They can see a variety of instruments and equipment.
But seeing it and operating it are completely different things.
Of course, these geniuses have studied the contents of the above four experiments.
Know what the goals and results of the experiment are.
But I definitely don’t know the specific experimental details.
A contestant asked in a low voice:
"Professor Bohr, do the experimental steps have to be in accordance with the standards?"
Bohr explained:
"You have all learned about these experiments during your undergraduate studies."
"You must first write down the experimental plan and steps."
"Then follow these steps to complete the experiment and achieve the final result."
"As for whether your operations are standardized, it depends on What impact will it have on the experiment?"
"You can rest assured that the recorder will record all your operations without missing a beat."
"We will grade it fairly." br>
After listening to this, the players now completely understood.
They are all geniuses in their respective countries.
There is no need to explain everything in detail.
To put it simply, this experimental competition tests subjective initiative.
There are almost no restrictions for players.
As long as you can repeat the experiment, even if your steps are different, you will get a fair evaluation.
After listening to this, Lan Che was dancing with joy.
This is his favorite game mode.
No restraints at all.
Let these proud men of heaven try their best to regain the path to the top of the sages.
During the experiment, they will encounter problems that physics masters will also encounter.
Then find a way to solve it.
For example, in the double-slit interference experiment, how to determine the size of the gap? How do errors affect interference fringe results?
Everyone knows about this experiment.
But I don’t know how many of them can really be repeated.
Irena and others all took a deep breath.
This game is definitely not easy.
It can be described as a hard battle.
These experiments all sound simple, but when done, there are too many details to consider.
Wu Youxun, Ye Qisun and other five members of the Chinese team looked at each other.
Then, Wu Youxun said:
“Focus on stability.”
“The experimental plan must be done in detail. This is the key to the competition.”
“Four The experiments represent the four fields of physics: force, light, electromagnetism, and heat. "
"There is no difference in difficulty between them."
"So, I don't think you should care about the draw, it will be the same no matter which one you choose."
The four of them, Ye Qisun, nodded heavily, and Wu Youxun was their captain.
Now, Ye Qisun has finally discovered the secret why Huangpu University of Technology is ahead of domestic universities.
These two games were an eye-opener for him and he was excited so many times.
Wu Youxun has always been calm and calm, calm and calm.
Huangpu Institute of Technology is indeed a place where dragons and tigers are cultivated.
Soon, all the players started lining up to draw lots.
At this time, Bohr also came to Li Qiwei's side.
He said with a smile:
“Teacher, I didn’t expect that you have already prepared all these equipment here.”
"I was worried that I wouldn't be able to make it in time."
Li Qiwei feigned anger and said, "I wonder if you heard something from the Fifth Division."
"I just bought it. The instrument was used by you."
Bohr laughed.
It turns out that this batch of instruments was ordered by Li Qiwei before.
He plans to donate it to universities in China to serve as a teaching instrument.
Nowadays, in many schools’ experimental classes, teachers lead students to make their own instruments.
Not to mention efficiency, the experimental accuracy alone is not up to standard.
Not only does it fail to serve a teaching purpose, it actually misleads students.
So Li Qiwei simply customized and purchased a batch directly from the United States.
All are currently stored in Borneo.
Among them are the instruments for this competition.
After Bohr modified the type of experimental questions, these instruments came in handy.
Therefore, Li Qiwei suspected that Bohr and Qian Wushi were "collaborating" and specifically defrauded the teacher.
As for the note-takers majoring in physics, Li Qiwei recruited them through the Chinese Science Society.
Only the Science Society has the ability to contact so many physics professionals in a short period of time.
This is Li Qiwei’s current strength.
For Bohr's difficult preparation, he only had to move his fingers casually.
(End of this chapter)