Chapter 397 Abnormal Zeeman Effect! The latest discoveries in spectroscopy! Quantum theory encounters another challenge!
Borneo, Atomic Research Institute.
As the first formal research institute established by Li Qiwei, it is not under the jurisdiction of the City of Science, nor is it within the scope of the city.
This reflects the special nature of its status.
The Atomic Research Institute is located in the outskirts of Kuching, surrounded by large areas of uncultivated natural scenery.
This will be the core of future atomic research and undertake the research and development tasks of the Pangu Project.
With Qian Wushi, Qian Huzhou, Deng Huaining, and Yu Yin as the core, they are assisted by physics professors from Huangpu University of Technology.
This forms the backbone of the Institute of Atomic Research.
The institute specializes in research on cutting-edge topics in physics.
Although the name is the Institute of Atomic Research, it does not mean that it only conducts research related to atoms.
For example, Qian Wushi even opened up the direction of aerodynamics.
The reason was that Shanhe Group's aircraft research and development required theoretical calculations, so Qian Wushi was found.
Qian Wushi was very interested, so he brought two students with him to conduct research together under his guidance.
Qian Huzhou, Deng Huaining, and Yu Yin also found their own research fields respectively.
And try to bring graduate students.
To a certain extent, they are now, like Bohr, starting to stand on their own.
And this is what Li Qiwei wants to see.
It is impossible for him to stay in Borneo for a long time, so he cannot train graduate students.
The level of the four members of Qian's fifth division is completely enough for China now.
The Graduate School of Huangpu University of Technology and the Institute of Atomic Research, two institutions that recruit graduate students, are the leaders in domestic graduate education.
The experience accumulated here will eventually be transferred to China.
In a few years, China’s local graduate training should be able to start.
The current graduate school of Guangdong University is a pilot project.
The degree system and professor rating issues involved here are left to Xu Shoushang and others to worry about.
Once successful, it can be replicated across the country.
In this way, Li Qiwei could leave again with confidence.
At this moment, in a conference room of the institute.
Yu Yin stood in front, preparing to demonstrate his latest experimental results.
Li Qiwei, along with Master Qian and others from the institute, were listening to the other party’s report.
Several graduate students and undergraduate students who came for internship were sitting in the outer circle.
They were all excited when they saw their mentor's mentor, the legendary principal, coming.
Sun Guofeng, Li Shuhua, Rao Mintai, and Hu Gangfu were discussing quietly.
The four of them all graduated from the same class of Huangpu Polytechnic, so they have a very good relationship.
In the research institute, a small group formed.
Rao Mintai is a graduate student of Yu Yin, and the other three are graduate students of Qian Wushi.
Rao Mintai said excitedly: "The principal looks very happy today."
"It seems that the tutor's experiment has indeed made a major breakthrough."
Hu Gang replied with a smile: "Old Rao, you are not Professor Yu’s students, don’t you know?”
Rao Mintai looked sad and said, “Hey, don’t mention it.”
“Professor Yu treated me like a free rein and gave me a task. After that, I often can’t find others.”
"I even suspect that if I didn't take the initiative to find him, he would have almost forgotten that I am a student."
"I really don't know what the professor is researching recently."
"I only know that it is related to the atomic spectrum."
Although Rao Mintai complained in his mouth, he had no complaints in his heart.
Because every time he found a mentor, he gained a lot.
Professor Yu taught me everything he could, and every guidance greatly improved his academic ability.
This is the style of a mentor.
When this topic was brought up, the four brothers immediately felt the same.
Hu Gangfu complained: "Professor Qian likes to say: Gangfu, don't think so much, just do the math first."
The four of them said something to each other in the corner. Quietly choreographing the instructors.
Soon, they returned to chatting about today's meeting.
Li Shuhua said: "You should all be aware of the recent interview with Nobuji Omura of Sakura Country."
"Many newspapers are now saying that it is impossible for us in China to have local original research. "
"I think Professor Yu should be able to slap those people in the face this time. "
When several people heard this topic, they all became serious.
Sun Guofeng said angrily: "Humph, the Atomic Research Institute was built while we watched."
"Any instruments and equipment here are assembled and manufactured by the professors themselves."
< br>“As for the instruments bought from abroad, they are all standard equipment for scientific research and are the same in every institute.”
“Professor Yu’s achievements were completely completed within the institute.”
“Because of the war in Europe, he did not even have academic exchanges with Western professors.”
Rao Mintai was confident and said with a smile: "Don't worry, those who are adding fuel to the flames are just clowns."
"Professor Yu will let them know how ridiculous he is."
Soon. , when the meeting started, the four people stopped communicating and listened intently.
Ahead, Yu Yin was full of energy and had a smile on his face.
"Principal, and all teachers and students."
"The topic I reported today is about the Zeeman effect."
"As we all know, the Bohr-Lee model is the core of quantum theory."
"And the three quantum numbers are The core of the Bohr-Lee model.”
Yu Yin’s opening remarks gave the students present an unreal feeling.
In the past, when they studied traditional physics at the undergraduate level, all the names that appeared were foreign names.
Newtonian mechanics, Coulomb's law, Ampere's law, etc.
It seems impossible for Chinese names to appear in physics books.
And now, in the most cutting-edge physics research, they heard the name of the principal.
The rise and power of Chinese science was realized at this moment.
Everyone here knows that this will happen more and more in the future.
Perhaps a hundred years from now, half of the theorems in physics books will be named after the principal’s name
Yu Yin continued:
“The three large quantum numbers explain the differences in spectroscopy. Various physical phenomena that occur. "
"The orbital number quantum number [n] explains why the hydrogen atom spectrum is discrete."
"The orbital shape quantum number [l] explains hydrogen. The fine structure in the atomic spectrum, that is, each spectral line is two adjacent ones. ”
"The orbital direction quantum number [m] explains the more precise spectral line splitting of the hydrogen atom spectrum."
"That is, under a strong magnetic field, the Zeeman effect will occur, in which the spectral line changes from one to three."
“And the GKY effect in which the spectral line changes from one to three under a strong electric field.”
“The above three quantum numbers are claimed to solve all spectroscopic problems.”< br>
“Because there is nothing more complicated than splitting into three spectral lines.”
"The problems left by quantum theory are not related to spectroscopy."
"This is the current consensus on quantum theory in the physics community."
Yu Yin has the beginning and end of quantum theory at his fingertips, showing that of his powerful strength.
The students present were excited.
I wish I could suddenly have a flash of inspiration and be able to solve the problem of quantum theory.
Because it is one of the two pillars of modern physics, a great theory that can rival the theory of relativity.
Whoever can break through quantum theory will have a chance to rival Professor Li Qiwei in the future. Yu Yin looked at everyone and said:
“And my current research topic is about the Zeeman effect.”
“Interested students may find out Well, whether it is the Zeeman effect or the GKY effect, they all study the changing behavior of the hydrogen atom spectrum in a strong field. ”
"So what if it's a weak field? Will there be any difference?"
"This topic was also given to me by the principal."
"But I never had time to do it."
“After I returned to Borneo and established the Atomic Research Institute, I began to study spectral changes in weak fields.”
“I first started with weak magnetic fields.”
"I have discovered through many experiments that the spectrum of hydrogen atoms will also split into spectral lines in a weak magnetic field."
"But this splitting is different from the Zeeman effect."
"Spectral lines It didn't split into three, but split into four or even five. "Please look at the picture. This is the result of my experiment."
Wow!
In the beautiful picture, the spectrum of hydrogen atoms is split into five lines.
This is another new spectroscopic discovery!
Master Qian couldn't help but exclaimed.
“This result is so shocking!”
“Five spectral lines cannot be explained by three quantum numbers.”
"This shows that the Bohr-Lee model is still incomplete."
Qian Wushi's explanation shocked everyone!
No wonder Professor Yu rarely sees people recently, it turns out he is working on such amazing research.
Rao Mintai’s eyes shone with excitement.
At this moment, he truly felt the terrifying strength of his mentor.
Although his mentor is not a Nobel Prize winner, Rao Mintai has never been disappointed.
In his opinion, mentors are no less inferior to Nobel Prize winners.
Now, after the GKY effect, the mentor has independently discovered such an important result.
Rao Mintai felt proud.
At this time, Yu Yin smiled and said: "Yes, the existing quantum theory cannot explain this phenomenon."
"I'm going to name this effect [the anomalous Zeeman effect]."
Qian Wushi nodded, this name is very appropriate.
Yu Yin added: "However, this experiment still needs a lot of repeated verification."
"In addition, it is also necessary to systematically study the specific range in which weak magnetic fields can produce abnormal plugs. "Man effect."
At this point, Yu Yin suddenly said towards the back row of the room:
"Mintai, starting from tomorrow, you will also join my research."
"Let's do repeated verification for now."
Wow!
Rao Mintai felt that everyone was looking at him, and he was under great pressure.
The three good brothers were even more jealous.
He should be the first graduate student among all students to participate in such high-end cutting-edge research.
He quickly took a deep breath, stood up and said:
"Okay, mentor."
Yu Yin glanced at Rao Mintai with satisfaction.
He still likes this student very much.
Not only is he smart, but he never comes to him when there is nothing wrong, and he takes the initiative to do academic work seriously.
"The above are the results of my research. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask."
Bang bang bang!
Li Qiwei applauded first.
Then, thunderous applause erupted in the room.
Everyone was shocked by Yu Yin's original research.
This was not accomplished in a foreign laboratory or with the participation and help of foreigners.
But Yu Yin relied on his own strength and a rigorous and patient attitude to finally achieve a gratifying breakthrough.
Although this effect may not be worthy of the Nobel Prize.
After all, its basic principle is not original, but based on the Zeeman effect.
But the significance of this result is extraordinary.
Because it is related to quantum theory, it illustrates that spectroscopy also has phenomena that quantum theory cannot explain.
The cover of "Nature" is confirmed!
Many people’s eyes turned red with envy.
Because now Huangpu University of Technology and China have issued new regulations:
Anyone who publishes an original paper in the official journal of Nature as the first author can be promoted to professor under exceptional circumstances.
Countless people are crazy about it.
But today’s “Nature” is not the original “Nature”.
With the explosion of physics, the quality of papers has also exploded.
The results that can be published in official publications are all blockbuster results, such as Yu Yin's results.
Ordinary scholars are proud enough to be included in a sub-journal.
I can’t even think of it in the official version.
When everyone was thinking about publishing "Nature", Li Qiwei spoke.
The whole place fell silent immediately, and everyone waited with bated breath.
“Yu Yin, what do you think is the possible cause of the anomalous Zeeman effect?”
After listening, Yu Yin thought for a while and said:
"Principal, I personally think that another quantum number should be added."
"Because of the abnormal splitting of the spectral lines, it shows that there are still different electrons. The orbital energy level.”
“But I can’t think of it yet.”
“This is also the focus of my next research.”
Li Qiwei smiled, then turned to ask everyone:
"What about you, everyone can speak freely."
"No one knows the answer anyway."
>Everyone was trembling with fright when Li Qiwei's eyes glanced at them, as if they were randomly called on by the teacher in class.
Master Qian stared at the spectrum line and said:
"I agree with Yu Yin's guess that there should be an undiscovered quantum number."
"But this quantum number should not be related to electron orbits."
"Quantity, shape, direction , has fully described the nature of the orbit.”
“But what is it?”
Not even the strongest Qian Fifth Division could figure it out, and everyone present was brainstorming. Can't figure out why.
Ridgway smiled.
In real history, the idea of this fourth quantum number was first proposed by Pauli, known as the "Whip of God".
But it was not discovered by him, but by three other young people who discovered and named it.
This was also because of Pauli's daily quarrels with others, and a ridiculous thing happened.
Finally, the peerless genius Dirac directly deduced theoretically that there must be a fourth quantum number.
With these thoughts in his mind, Li Qiwei said:
"It doesn't matter. Let's think about it after we go back."
"The next Nobel Prize will be yours."
Everyone Laughed.
Although Yu Yin does not know what the fourth quantum number is, this does not prevent the publication of the paper.
In his words:
"Anyway, I have already done the experiment. Finding the fourth quantum number is the business of you theoretical physicists."
And what Yu Yin did This paper will surely shock the physics community once again.
At the same time, it also effectively countered the slanderous remarks that "China has no originality".
It is boiling again at home and abroad!
(End of this chapter)