Chapter 848 The Mechanism of Room Temperature Superconductivity
After sending away the two academicians, Xu Chuan picked up the report document on the development of the Shanghai Institute of Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Studies from the tea table, shook his head, and threw it into the glove cabinet.
If he simply wanted to develop the domestic basic science field, he would definitely support it with both hands.
Perhaps the Magic City does support the development of basic sciences, and talent training and introduction have always been the focus of domestic attention.
But the path they took was a bit crooked.
Although poaching people in academia or scientific research circles is not a big deal, poaching people is poaching, and the idea of the Magic City is not just poaching people.
What they want is not just to borrow chickens to lay eggs, but to use the resources of other institutes to cultivate their own people through cooperation, and at the same time, they are also trying to take away the chickens together.
This approach, to be honest, makes people really dislike it.
At his desk, Xu Chuan took out the theory of room temperature superconducting materials that he copied yesterday from the drawer.
Although from the perspective of this era, not to mention normal temperature superconductivity, the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity was only developed after he completed the strong correlation effect.
But from his perspective, the mechanism of room-temperature superconductivity is not unknown.
Although the room-temperature superconducting materials developed in the previous life have considerable flaws, it is still possible to sort out the relevant mechanisms through experimental data.
Not to mention all, there is no problem in sorting out at least some of the experimental data related to the formation mechanism of room temperature superconductivity and related effects.
And the theory he copied in the past two days is exactly this part.
Superconductivity is a quantum phenomenon in which electrons form symmetrical Cooper pairs to prevent electrons from colliding with each other and causing resistance.
In a room temperature environment, thermal motion will break the symmetry of this Cooper pair, leading to the breakdown of the superconducting state.
In order to achieve room temperature superconductivity, he found a method to suppress thermal motion in the fields of condensed matter physics and materials science.
That is, the theory of localized structure of condensed matter electrons.
Experimental research data shows that controlling the lattice structure is one of the key factors in achieving room temperature superconductivity. By artificially designing the lattice structure of the material, the destructive effect of thermal motion on Cooper pairs can be effectively reduced, thereby achieving room temperature superconductivity.
In addition, in his research on room temperature superconductivity, Xu Chuan also discovered that introducing localized electron pair coupling in some specific materials can also increase the superconducting critical temperature of the material, bringing it close to room temperature.
High-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials are based on local electron pair coupling to increase the superconducting critical temperature.
Even though it has been on the market for several years, it has faced research from various countries around the world, and it still maintains the first place in terms of comprehensive attributes, which shows its excellent performance.
His eyes fell on the research mechanism of room temperature superconductivity, with a thoughtful look in Xu Chuan's eyes.
"Electron localization construction mainly involves electrons occupying a state with a specific energy at a specific position in a solid material. It is an electronic state with a specific energy associated with a specific position in the solid material."
"And when an electron occupies this state, it is bound near a specific position with a specific energy. In disordered solids, due to the destruction of periodicity, a band-tailed localized state will be generated. Defect states or donor-acceptor impurities in the material The electronic states on the top, or the band tail states in strongly doped semiconductors are also localized states.”
"This localized electronic state is the core of room temperature superconducting materials. It not only gives the material the superconducting ability at room temperature, but also solidifies the physical properties of the material to a certain extent."
The copper oxide-based chromium-silver superconducting material in his hand was affected by this mechanism and became difficult to process and industrially produce. The superconducting layer on the surface of the material easily loses its superconducting properties when it is shaken or bumped.
This is a physical property that affects the microscopic level. It gives superconducting properties but also brings defects, which is extremely difficult to change.
Even high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials are brittle like ceramics due to local electron pair coupling.
Later, optimization is completed through graphene and whisker (fiber) toughening.
So how to optimize copper oxide-based chromium-silver superconducting materials through doping
Staring at the manuscript paper on his desk, Xu Chuan fell into deep thought.
Condensed matter physics is a discipline that studies physical microstructures and the relationships between them.
It is a discipline that studies the movement patterns and laws of electrons, ions, atoms and molecules that constitute condensed matter to understand its physical properties
The mechanism of room temperature superconducting materials is accomplished through condensed matter physics.
But the deeper you go into the microscopic world, the more detailed the physical properties of the material become, and every change in a detail may lead to major changes in the overall physical properties of the material.
This is also the most troublesome place for Xu Chuan.
Copper oxide-based chromium-silver superconducting materials are more brittle than ceramics, and their plasticity is more difficult. Once the superconducting layer is damaged, it will lose most of its superconducting properties and other defects. These are all areas that need to be optimized.
A problem is easy to solve. You can constantly try to optimize it through experiments. If quantitative changes become qualitative changes, it takes time to find an optimized solution.
But when multiple problems are entangled together, it becomes difficult to solve.
Although materials science is a science, it relies more on luck than other disciplines.
Sometimes you do an experiment a hundred times, and others get it done in one go.
If you are lucky, the probability of success in this subject is really higher.
Xu Chuan never thought of solving the problem of optimizing copper oxide-based chromium-silver room temperature superconducting materials through theory, but he wanted to use theory to find one or some generally feasible research directions for these problems.
This is actually to transfer experimental problems to theoretical research that is more convenient for him. For him, this method will make it easier to break through.
In fact, this is not the first time he has done this.
As early as when he was researching lithium-sulfur batteries and stellarator controllable nuclear fusion technology, he had done something like this, transferring experimental and engineering problems to theory and making breakthroughs.
This time, Xu Chuan was also planning to do the same. After only two days of research, he had no idea how to change the properties of copper oxide-based chromium-silver room temperature superconducting materials.
"Forget it, let's make the materials first."
After clearing away the manuscript paper on the table, Xu Chuan shook his head and stuffed it into the scanning device.
"Xiao Ling, help me sort out the information on these manuscripts."
In the lower right corner of the computer screen, a small chat box popped up.
"Received! Master (ov)ノ."
After picking up the tea on the table and taking a sip, Xu Chuan's eyes fell on the computer.
It has to be said that with Xiaoling, the AI academic assistant, it is not very convenient to organize information documents.
In the past, he would have to work alone on a manuscript for two or three days, but now Xiaoling can finish it in less than ten minutes. Over a cup of tea, Xiao Ling had already sorted out the relevant information.
"Master, the information has been sorted out!"
A small chat box popped up. Xu Chuan dragged the mouse, clicked on the document organized on the desktop, and checked it carefully.
After confirming that there was no problem, he nodded with satisfaction and said with a smile: "Separate the first page to the twenty-seventh page of the information, name it "Condensed Matter Electron Localized Structure Theory", and then print it three times Come out.”
Xiaoling: "Received, the data has been separated. Printing"
After looking at the chat box on the screen, Xu Chuan took out his mobile phone from his pocket and sent a message to Zheng Hai.
"Come to the teaching building and take me to the Sichuan-Hai Materials Research Institute."
It is time to move forward in research on superconducting materials.
Jinling and Qixiashan New Development Zone.
Surrounding the Chuanhai Materials Research Institute, a new industrial park has been established here, housing many companies and enterprises.
At the headquarters building of the Chuanhai Institute of Materials, Fan Pengyue, who had received the news in advance, was waiting in the office. When he saw Xu Chuan coming, he quickly stood up and said hello with a smile.
"Coming?"
"Yes." Xu Chuan nodded, his eyes falling on the other two researchers in the office.
He knew both of them. The former was an acquaintance and one of the main researchers who studied high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials, Song Wenbo.
The other one is Gong Zheng, who also studies superconducting materials, but his research direction is not how to create a superconducting material, but to optimize it based on existing results.
These two people were selected by Xu Chuan, Senior Brother Fan, from the research institute. They had clean and trustworthy backgrounds and were used to assist him in completing the research work on copper oxide-based chromium-silver based room temperature superconducting materials.
"Academician Xu."
"Academician Xu."
After seeing Xu Chuan, Song Wenbai and Gong Zheng quickly stood up from the sofa and greeted him respectfully.
Xu Chuan nodded, took out the printed "Condensed Matter Electron Localized Structure Theory" document from the backpack he carried with him, and distributed one copy to each person.
"I'll give you half an hour to go over this theory in general, and then I'll give you the task."
Hearing this, Fan Pengyue and the others reached out to take the document from Xu Chuan's hand with a hint of curiosity and began to read through it.
"This is?"
When the title came into view, Senior Brother Fan glanced at Xu Chuan curiously, with a questioning look in his eyes.
Xu Chuan smiled and said: "Speculations about the theoretical mechanism of room temperature superconducting materials, well, at least part of it, this is the research task."
Hearing this, the three people who were looking through the documents stopped breathing. The information that was originally light in their hands now seemed as heavy as ten thousand kilograms.
Theoretical mechanism of room temperature superconducting materials!
If there is any material that can be called the crown jewel of materials science in the materials world, it is undoubtedly room temperature superconducting materials.
Of course, this is not a material, but a certain type of material.
Materials that can achieve room temperature superconductivity can be called room temperature superconducting materials in a broad sense.
In a more narrow sense, materials that can achieve superconductivity under normal temperature and pressure conditions can be called room temperature superconducting materials.
If it could be realized, it would have far-reaching implications for the fields of science and technology.
For example, magnets made from room-temperature superconducting materials can be used in motors, high-energy particle accelerators, magnetic levitation transportation, controlled thermonuclear reactions, energy storage, communication cables and antennas, etc., and their performance is better than that of conventional materials.
The material's completely diamagnetic properties also allow for frictionless gyroscopes and bearings.
There is also the Josephson effect, which can produce a series of precision measuring instruments as well as radiation detectors, microwave generators, logic components, etc.
Although controllable nuclear fusion technology has been realized today, the greatest attribute of room temperature superconducting materials has become much less important in the application of electrical energy.
But if it can be realized, it can still be said that it will greatly change the development of the entire society and technology.
Although the concept of room temperature superconductivity has attracted much research and investment, there is currently no conclusive evidence that room temperature superconductivity has been achieved.
In past research, some reports claiming to have discovered room-temperature superconducting materials later proved to be inaccurate or the conditions were so special that they could not be applied in practice.
Some claimants refused to disclose the material synthesis methods. Other disclosed "room temperature superconducting" synthesis methods could not be independently repeated by other research groups. Some research papers were withdrawn after being widely questioned.
For example, the latest news about room temperature superconducting materials today is undoubtedly the (LK-99) Pb-Cu-P-O material studied by South Korea.
The LK-99 room temperature superconducting material that caused a lot of commotion was shot to death by their boss, the famous Academician Xu.
And now, he has personally delivered the mechanism theory of room temperature superconductivity into their hands.
Suppressing the shock in his heart, Song Wenbai took a gulp of air and quickly scanned the paper in his hand.
".Artificially designed lattice structure of materials to reduce the destructive effect of thermal motion on Cooper pairs"
"Pseudo-energy gaps, charge-spin separation, linear resistance, and strong superconducting phase fluctuations are used to explain the regular placement in the crystal lattice of the space group (SG) in superconducting materials through the grand unified framework theory of strongly correlated electron systems."
"Is this an explanation of the mechanism of room temperature superconductivity through the strongly correlated electron unified framework theory and BCS theory?"
After quickly flipping through the paper in his hand, Song Wenbai had a thoughtful look in his eyes.
As a researcher in the field of materials, he has naturally seen the unified framework theory of strongly correlated electrons, which is called the 'bible' of condensed matter physics.
This theory of localized structure of condensed matter electrons not only explains the mechanism of room temperature superconductivity, but also unifies strongly correlated electrons through the pairing of local electrons and the regular effects in the space group (SG) lattice of superconducting materials. Frame theory and BCS theory are combined.
But how to explain the lattice pre-pairing problem of room temperature superconductivity, which does not seem to be mentioned in this paper?
However, since he was browsing quickly, he was not sure whether it was not written in the paper or whether he had made a mistake.
With a thoughtful look on his face, he quickly turned the paper to the beginning and read it again from the beginning.
The paper is not very long, only less than 30 pages. If you skim it quickly, reading it again is not a problem.
(End of chapter)