Chapter 434 Reconstructing quantum theory! Shocking! "If I don't look at the moon, does it mean the moon doesn't exist?"
Today's speech was so explosive that everyone in the venue felt numb.
Electronic shell model, chemical bond theory, fourth quantum number
Taken alone, any one of them is a shocking speech.
When they are put together and they are all the content of one person, they can only be summarized as legends.
Whether they were ordinary students or physics masters, they were all conquered by Li Qiwei.
It was as if the man had no bottleneck.
It continues to expand the boundaries of physics in a state that ordinary people cannot understand.
Just when everyone thought he was about to end, they didn't expect that he would reach the peak at the end.
"I want to reconstruct the entire quantum theory!"
One sentence directly caused the brains of everyone present to shut down.
"Who can tell me what it means to reconstruct quantum theory?"
"Don't ask, just be shocked. Don't you see that the big guys in the front row are more excited than us?"
"This must be an earth-shattering thing."
"I study quantum theory. Professor Bruce probably wants to start over from scratch."
"It is as if the theory of relativity is a reconstruction of Newtonian mechanics."
"From a better and more essential perspective, we also explain the concept of quantum."
"But if you think about it, you will know how difficult it is."
"I'm afraid he is the only one in the world who has such courage."
"Hiss!"
"I don't know how serious it is!"
Naturally, ordinary students cannot understand it.
They didn't know how terrifying the meaning of Li Qiwei's words was.
When the gap is too large, even objective evaluation becomes a luxury.
But for geniuses like Heisenberg and Pauli, the situation is different.
Of course they know what "refactoring" means.
That is to re-derive existing theories from a more original way.
Give a simple example.
Rutherford originally discovered the theory of elemental transmutation and explained the displacement relationship of radioactive elements.
However, when the proton-neutron model appeared, his theory was directly overturned or covered.
Because the proton-neutron model is a more essential theory.
This is what refactoring means.
It was precisely because they understood the meaning that Heisenberg, Pauli and others felt incredible.
"Quantum theory is already so perfect, why does it need to be reconstructed?"
Pauli's doctoral project was about quantum theory.
Among the students present, there should be no one who understands quantum theory better than him.
Heisenberg couldn't wait to let Pauli explain it to him.
He entered school one year later than Pauli, and was obviously not as good as the latter in terms of accumulation of basic knowledge.
What's more, Pauli specialized in quantum theory.
"Brother Pauli, does quantum theory have any huge flaws?"
Pauli also sat down now.
By now, everyone was immersed in shock, and no one was paying attention to him.
The whip of God is just a joke in front of Professor Bruce.
Pauli gradually recovered and patiently explained:
"Although there are still some problems in the current quantum theory, such as the fourth quantum number, whether electronic transitions are probabilistic, etc."
"But overall, the logical system when it was founded can withstand scrutiny."
"Starting from the blackbody radiation problem, we first put forward the concept of quantum, which can solve the problem of radiation discontinuity."
"Then the emergence of the atomic structure planetary model promoted the formation of the concept of quantized orbits."
"Many people have misunderstandings about Professor Bruce and think that his planetary model is wrong, which shows that Professor Bruce also made mistakes when he was young."
"However, when I combed through the development of quantum theory in depth, I realized how ridiculous this statement is."
"Professor Bohr would not have been able to come up with the concept of orbits without the first appearance of circular motion in planetary models."
"It is even more impossible to have such a wild idea as orbital quantization."
"It can be said that the quantum concepts and planetary model proposed by Professor Bruce laid a solid foundation for the Bohr-Lee model."
"As for the second and third quantum numbers proposed by Professor Bruce, and even the current fourth quantum number."
"In fact, they are just adding bricks and stones to the building of quantum theory."
"Its foundation framework has already been determined."
"The core is the quantized orbit."
Pauli is indeed a big brother. He explained the development of quantum theory in a clear and logical explanation.
This is not a scripted chronicle.
Instead, he developed his own research on quantum theory with his own thoughts.
At this time, Pauli's expression was very confused and he couldn't understand.
"So, it's hard for me to understand why Professor Bruce wants to reconstruct?"
"Does he want to deny the existence of quantized orbitals?"
After hearing this, Heisenberg exclaimed:
"That's impossible."
"Both the concept of quantum and the concept of orbit have been verified by many experiments."
"Professor Bruce has no reason to overturn it."
"I can't understand it. I really can't understand it."
"His thoughts are so elusive."
Pauli shook his head, feeling confused.
"I don't know about that."
"Let's see what Professor Bruce says."
For these younger students, Li Qiwei’s remarks made them extremely shocked and curious.
However, the big guys in the front row were shocked, but also slightly excited.
Because they know the past of the man on the stage.
He always makes possible where impossible.
He always brought changes to physics.
Quantum theory and relativity are said to be the two pillars of modern physics.
However, its theoretical foundation still has flaws until now.
It is far less flawless than the theory of relativity, which is self-contained and governs macroscopic time and space.
Therefore, many big guys who study quantum theory want to make breakthroughs.
Among them, the most anticipated ones are undoubtedly Li Qiwei and Bohr.
Plank's old and wise eyes looked at Li Qiwei with pride and pride.
If the quantum concept in 1900 was just a seed.
So after twenty years of development, the original seeds have grown into towering trees.
And it will bear fruit soon.
He felt extremely relieved.
In fact, Planck probably knew a little about what Li Qiwei was going to say.
Because they exchanged letters privately.
This is true for Bohr, Einstein and others.
But this is the first time it has been made public like this.
Planck sighed:
"Bruce, you single-handedly completed the general theory of relativity and made it flawless."
"Now, you have to personally subvert the quantum theory you created."
"If you succeed, physics will be wonderful because of you."
At this moment, everyone in the venue focused their attention on the stage.
There is shock, expectation, admiration, confusion, and curiosity.
Li Qiwei smiled softly and said:
"I have spoken privately to several physicists."
"Talked about my views on current quantum theory."
"I just take advantage of today's opportunity to talk to you."
"However, I will only briefly talk about my thoughts and will not explain too much."
"If you are interested, you are welcome to come to my Quantum Research Institute to discuss it."
"Back to business."
"The current quantum theory has two cores, one is the concept of quantum, and the other is the electron orbit."
"I agree with the quantum concept."
"But I have always viewed the concept of electron orbits with caution."
"Because I find it very unnatural."
"I want to ask everyone here a question?"
"Have any of you actually observed the orbit of electrons through a microscope?"
Wow!
Everyone looked confused.
"The maximum resolution of a microscope is 200 nanometers. If you can't even see atoms, how can you possibly see the electrons inside them."
"What does Professor Bruce mean by asking this question?"
Only Heisenberg was thoughtful, as if he had realized something.
Li Qiwei did not pretend to be mysterious and continued:
"That's what I call an unnatural assumption."
"No one has actually seen the orbit of an electron, so how can we assume that it exists?"
"And the concept of orbit is unique to classical physics."
"There are certain problems in introducing it hastily into quantum theory."
"So, when I talk about reconstructing quantum theory, I mean to abandon these unnatural assumptions and abandon the image of classical physics."
"Abandon those physical quantities that we cannot observe."
"Then start with the physical quantities that can be observed and build a theory based on them."
"Of course, I'm not saying that existing quantum theory is wrong."
"It can explain the periodic table of elements, spectroscopy and other issues well, which is enough to prove its correctness."
"What I mean is that we can derive the existing results from lower-level theories."
"For example, maybe we can theoretically deduce that electron orbitals are discrete."
"Instead of like now, it is based on quantization of electron angular momentum."
At this point, Pauli understood instantly.
He immediately explained to Heisenberg:
"Phew! Now I understand."
"In analogy with mathematics, Professor Bruce wants to find a few axioms, and then use logic to deduce various results based on these axioms."
"The axioms in physics are the various physical quantities that can be measured."
"The existing quantum theory and its concept of orbit are not axioms, because they cannot be observed and are purely imagined."
"After reconstruction, we can use mathematical language to naturally describe all the quantification conditions of electrons."
"For example, based on the reconstructed theory, we directly deduced that the electron orbit has three quantum numbers."
"Instead of like now, these quantum numbers are all guessed."
"Although they are consistent with various experimental results, they are always conjectured."
"Professor Bruce wants to eliminate all assumptions!"
Wow!
After listening to Pauli's translation, the people around him showed expressions of enlightenment.
So that's it.
At this moment, everyone was impressed by Li Qiwei's spirit.
"God, Professor Bruce is so obsessed with excellence."
"If I hadn't listened to his analysis, I wouldn't have discovered that there is such a problem in quantum theory."
"He has too high demands on himself."
"Is this the attitude of the first person in the world towards science?"
"Meticulous! Reach the pinnacle!"
After being convinced, I was endlessly shocked by the reconstruction of quantum theory.
Everyone knew very well who could accomplish such a feat.
That must be an earth-shattering achievement that would shock the entire physics community.
The other party's status in the field of quantum theory may even surpass Bruce, Planck, Bohr and others.
He will be the master of quantum theory and a top physicist who will evolve quantum theory.
This kind of existence is destined to go down in history.
For a moment, everyone’s eyes were hot!
But soon, most people became discouraged.
Let alone something as shocking as reconstructing quantum theory. Countless people could only stare at the fourth quantum number.
The road to the pinnacle of physics is destined to be out of reach for ordinary people.
But this does not prevent everyone from being shocked together.
Pauli was also extremely shocked at this moment.
However, he could understand Li Qiwei's good intentions.
"Heisenberg, do you know why Professor Bruce insists on doing this?"
Heisenberg shook his head, still digesting what he just said.
He suddenly had a feeling of destiny.
It was as if what Professor Bruce just said was addressed to him alone.
In the endless void, a figure like a god and demon covered the sky and the sun.
There seemed to be a loud bell coming from the depths.
"Heisenberg, do you understand?"
call!
His soul trembled.
Pauli did not notice anything unusual about his junior brother and said to himself:
"You will find out if you study the theory of relativity carefully."
"It's so normal for Professor Bruce to have this kind of thinking."
"The special theory of relativity is based on two axioms."
"The first axiom is the principle of relativity in the special sense."
"The second axiom is the principle of the invariance of the speed of light."
"These two axioms are not conjectures out of thin air, but have been verified by many experiments."
"They are fundamental physical facts."
"The same goes for general relativity."
"Although the equivalence principle seems bold, it has also gone through logical deductions and assumptions."
"Reflecting on the concept of orbit in quantum theory."
"There is neither actual observation of the experiment nor logical derivation."
"It's purely a rational assumption."
"Forcing the concept of giving orbitals to electrons."
"But has anyone seen that electrons are moving in orbits?"
"Why can't electrons jump?"
"So, compared with the strict theory of relativity, quantum theory seems a bit embarrassing."
"From Professor Bruce's point of view, it is probably difficult for him to endure this feeling of tearing."
"It is obviously a theory of modern physics, but it is full of concepts from classical physics."
"If it were me, I would also try to find out the underlying rules."
Heisenberg came to his senses and carefully understood the meaning of Pauli's words.
Suddenly, he had a bolder idea.
However, he only dared to say to Pauli:
"Brother, can you understand it this way?"
"Since we can't see the orbit of electrons, it means that electrons have no orbits."
"If you can't see it, it means it doesn't exist, or it doesn't exist."
"Any physical quantity that cannot be measured is not recognized in quantum theory."
When Pauli heard this, his eyes widened instantly, and he was so surprised that he didn't know what to say.
He stared at Heisenberg closely, as if he were meeting him for the first time.
"Good boy, people always say I like to quarrel with people."
"Heisenberg, you like to scare people."
"Your view is too exaggerated."
"Professor Bruce is not as extreme as you."
"He just said to abandon traditional concepts and think from scratch."
"It would be better for you to just say that anything that cannot be observed does not exist."
“That’s awesome!”
"But don't say it yet, your view is quite consistent with Professor Bruce's philosophy."
"How about you stand up and talk?"
Heisenberg waved his hand quickly.
"No, no, I can't."
"If I tell you, everyone will probably call me crazy."
Pauli laughed and patted him on the shoulder, not taking Heisenberg's words to heart.
Because the other party's point of view is simply more shocking than what Professor Bruce said.
It can even be called terrifying.
However, Pauli was wrong.
After physics develops into quantum mechanics, it does become scary.
In real history, Heisenberg insisted on his own ideas and created quantum mechanics in the form of matrix mechanics.
This was also the first version of quantum mechanics.
Later, Bohr went further based on Heisenberg's work.
He even proposed that even observable physical quantities are considered not to exist before they are measured.
Listen, is this something people can understand?
That's why Einstein fought back: If I don't look at the moon, does the moon not exist?
Bohr replied: Yes.
The world has indeed become scary.
When I close my eyes, the universe ceases to exist.
This triggered the great debate of the century about quantum mechanics.
Of course, the words of the two big guys are full of wit.
Bohr's "observation" is not an observation in the ordinary sense.
Einstein's "seeing" is not as simple as "seeing with the eyes" on the surface.
It is impossible to understand without a certain physical basis. (Don’t worry, you will definitely understand as long as I am here)
And all of this will stem from the reconstruction ideas proposed by Li Qiwei today.
At this moment, the big guys in the front row couldn't help but sigh:
"Let me do the math, how much did Bruce say today."
"Even I feel like my brain is running out of energy."
Then, everyone looked at Planck and Einstein with envy.
Because everyone thinks that the reason why Professor Bruce has so much useful information today is because of the two of them.
Just like the wonderful debate on atomic structure at the previous annual meeting of the Royal Society.
Professor Bruce is indeed a person who values love and justice.
Planck and Thomson helped him, and Rutherford and Einstein knew him from a young age.
The feelings between them have long transcended nationality and race, and are intertwined with scientific truth.
The speech is over here.
It was impossible for Li Qiwei to continue to discuss the reconstruction of quantum theory in depth on this occasion.
Its difficulty is destined, this is a game for a few people.
The number of physicists around the world who are eligible to participate can be counted on two hands.
Everyone present also understood.
Rather than considering illusory theoretical reconstruction, it is better to try the luck of the fourth quantum number.
After all, Professor Bruce said so.
The conclusions of existing quantum theory are all correct, and these quantum numbers also exist objectively.
Soon, Einstein took the stage as the host.
With a happy smile on his face, he gave Li Qiwei a strong hug.
"Bruce, today's speech was a great success."
"I was almost persuaded by you to give up unified field theory and study quantum theory."
Li Qiwei smiled and said:
"Einstein, you still have time."
"Unifying field theory is much more difficult than quantum theory."
"I'm afraid you'll get nothing in the end."
Einstein heard this and smiled:
"Don't worry, Bruce, I'm confident."
"Unified field theory is sure to shine."
Li Qiwei smiled and said nothing.
Let's let my old classmate dance around for a while.
Under Einstein's passionate summary, everyone in the venue stood up.
"Today's speech will surely go down in history and have an immeasurable impact on the future."
"And everyone here will be a witness to history."
"Let us give our warmest applause to thank Professor Bruce."
boom!
Thunderous applause instantly erupted in the venue.
Everyone admired Li Qiwei from the bottom of their hearts.
Because he has no secrets and shares the most cutting-edge topics in current physics.
It is also full of useful information and can be inspiring to anyone.
It's very likely that someone here will publish a blockbuster paper on this before long.
"Professor Bruce is a true scholar."
Although the speech is over, its impact has just begun.
The world of physics and chemistry will surely cause a sensation like an earthquake of magnitude 18.
After Ridgway stepped down, he walked towards the conference room while chatting with Planck, Einstein and others.
Next, there is an internal meeting among the big guys.
Sommerfeld was among the crowd.
Taking advantage of an opportunity, he stepped forward and said with a little embarrassment:
"Bruce, please forgive my rude request."
"Pauli, my doctoral student, would like to meet you."
Li Qiwei smiled and said:
"I just want to meet him too."
"I heard from Einstein that Pauli also wrote hundreds of pages of notes on the theory of relativity."
"Young and promising."
At this time, Pauli and Heisenberg stood up behind Sommerfeld.
They are still students, but they don't have much time to stay in Berlin.
After the speech, they were to return immediately.
Munich is quite far from Berlin.
That's why they were so anxious to meet.
If their mentor had not been Sommerfeld, their hopes would have been dashed.
This is the role of connections and resources.
Pauli said generously:
"Hello, Professor Bruce, I benefited a lot from today's speech."
"I have some ideas about the 2-fold relationship and want to write a paper."
"I hope to get your advice then."
Pauli knew that the big guys’ time was precious, so he didn’t talk nonsense and just talked about the key points.
Li Qiwei smiled and said:
"Professor Sommerfeld is still here, how dare I agree to you."
Everyone smiled knowingly.
Sommerfeld said: "I asked him to do this."
"If you don't mind Bruce, I'm going to let him go to your Quantum Research Institute for further study."
Li Qiwei said: "That's what I want. My research institute is short of talents now."
Pauli stepped back happily after receiving his answer.
At this time, Heisenberg stepped forward, his heart pounding, and his cheeks instantly turned red.
"Hello, Professor Bublous, my name is Heisenberg, and I am also a student of Professor Sommerfeld."
Ridgway looked at Heisenberg.
Who would have thought that he was such a shy young man.
In real history, the fate of the entire human race in the future is actually in his hands.
What would happen to the world if he calculated the critical mass of the atomic bomb correctly?
It’s unimaginable.
Li Qiwei reached out his hand and said with a smile:
"Hello, Heisenberg."
(End of chapter)