Chapter 744: Human hearts are not enough, snakes swallow elephants, and everything in the world ends with the mantis catching the cicada
"Mir Mahima even refused to call me your father!" Zhu Yijun pointed at the memorial and exhaled.
Mier called Zhu Yijun the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. There is no problem with the expression, but as the hereditary Hami Guard Commander-in-Chief who was canonized by the Ming Dynasty, he did not even call him the emperor's father! This made the officials of the Ministry of Rites very dissatisfied. Theoretically speaking, the Hami Guards were the Seven Guards of Guanxi and the territory of Shitu counties in the Ming Dynasty.
The Ming Dynasty lacked initiative in diplomacy and was always answering questions. Especially after the changes in orthodoxy, it became more passive. Others were always provoking the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty needed to respond passively, and because of the changes in Confucianism It became Confucianism and made Rouyuan people the general outline of diplomacy. The answers given by Ming Dynasty always tended to be Rouren.
Only Mir Maheima dared to regard Ming Dynasty as the one who had been taken advantage of, and had the courage to make such harsh demands.
The Ming Dynasty had to help him, provide him with money, food, and exclusive rights to control the Western Regions. The Ming Dynasty wasted time and effort, and finally gained the title of a suzerainty. In addition to obtaining this title, the Ming Dynasty also had to spend a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources. To safeguard the existence of the Hami Kingdom and fight against the invasion of the Western Regions.
Is Daming crazy? !
Ever since the restoration of Zhu Qizhen to Yuan Tianshun, the Ming Dynasty has become like this. It is always answering questions and answers, very passive, and it becomes more and more passive as it goes on.
For example, during the Chenghua period, if the women outside the customs such as Li Manzhu and Dong Cheng had not really caused too much trouble, the Ming Dynasty would not have mobilized the Chenghua Liting Court; The country was destroyed, and the Ming Dynasty, as the suzerain state, issued an imperial edict.
This kind of good-tempered international image, to put it nicely, is that of a modest gentleman and a gentle gentle man. Of course, in fact, he is actually a bully who takes advantage of others!
Zhu Yijun was never a gentleman. He cared about everything and spent money. If he dared to fight with the Ming Dynasty during the Wanli period, he would only gain an iron fist, such as Jianzhou Jurchen, Tuman Khan, Anda Khan, Dongyu Mangyingli, Japanese Kingdom, North Korea has now all suffered from the emperor's humiliating fist.
As the emperor, Zhu Yijun asked the king of North Korea to come to the Ming Dynasty to kowtow and admit his mistake, but Li Hao refused. Does he still regard the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as his father?
"Daydreaming." Zhu Yijun Zhu approved the memorial of Honglu Temple. With these four words, he told Mir that the Ming Dynasty must do it on its own. This is the Hami of the Ming Dynasty, not Mir's Hami. The Western Regions can only be the Ming Dynasty. The Western Region!
The Ming Dynasty planned to abandon a route and use local forces to regain the Western Regions with gentler means.
Zhu Yijun picked up another memorial and read it for a long time before nodding and saying: "Very good, Governor Shen always gives me a little surprise! Shen Shixing did a good job in returning farmland in Zhejiang .”
Since leaving Zhejiang and returning to Songjiang Prefecture, no longer running errands in Hangzhou, and no longer having to face Yan Shixuan, Shen Shixing can be said to be happy and smooth.
Shen Shixing, who obtained the Struggle Volume, felt as if he had obtained a treasure. He had a very in-depth understanding of the contents of the Struggle Volume, and then wrote a letter to his master Zhang Juzheng, comparing the struggle volume he annotated with the Struggle Volume. The struggle papers annotated by teachers were exchanged and finally began to be put into practice.
He improved the policy of returning farmland.
The improvement of the policy is very detailed, but Shen Shixing's method can be summed up in four words: mobilize the people.
Politics is a game of the majority. As long as the policy is recognized by the majority of people, there are prerequisites for success.
However, during the implementation process, it still tests the ability of the person in charge.
For example, in the Battle of Jingnan, Zhu Di raised 800 troops. It was not because Zhu Yunwen cooperated too well, but he acted in the opposite direction, which made everyone insecure, alienated, and the monarch and his subjects distrusted each other. Zhu Di was extremely capable, so Unable to obtain the throne.
Victory cannot be achieved by blindly mobilizing the majority, because most of the time, the anger of the people is disordered violence and cannot promote the reconciliation of social conflicts. How to make good use of this very chaotic and disorderly force? Violence tests the wisdom of those who govern.
The struggle volume is about how to make disorderly violence orderly.
We need to tell the majority of people what to do, what to do mainly and what to do next; what to do first and what to do next.
The Emperor of the Ming Dynasty implemented the land return order in Zhejiang to give land to the people. For the people, the Ming Dynasty had not divided their fields in ten lifetimes. Suddenly the land was divided, which was a great thing. This gave the land return order. prerequisites for success.
The execution of Shen Shixing is very good.
For example, Article 7: House confiscation: For those who use long-term leases in lieu of annexation, and the people who lost their land reported it to the officials, the annexing gentry would immediately be ransacked and exiled to Java, and all the confiscated property would be confiscated and the seized land would be returned.
The Ming Emperor led troops to suppress the rebellion in Zhejiang.
When the emperor visited the south, he dared to set fire to the place where the emperor stayed. The number of Zhejiang Jinshi was permanently reduced. Zhejiang students were not allowed to take the imperial examination and returned to their fields within ten years. These were the punishments of the Ming Emperor.
During the Luomuying mutiny and the Zhejiang Jiuying mutiny, the officials on the ground in Zhejiang had been replaced. Most of them were officials from other provinces. After the emperor's southern tour led to the burning of the government offices in Zhejiang, the entire Zhejiang was deeply rooted in the local people. Gang, has been completely eliminated.
The local yamen were suffering from huge losses, and they were living with their belts tightened. Naturally, there was no need to mention the motivation behind confiscating the houses. After all, the Ming court only needed 30% of the property after the confiscation, and 70% was kept in the place.
“It’s not that Governor Shen is so powerful, because the people have a way out.” Feng Bao definitely had no good words for civil servants.
He felt that this was not due to Shen Shixing.
Zhu Yijun smiled and asked: "Oh? What's Feng Daban's advice?"
Feng Bao bowed his head and said: "I dare not say that I have high opinion. I can only say that due to time, luck and momentum, it is only when he catches up with the good times that he can do the errands. Otherwise, let alone one Shen Shixing, there are ten thousand people." , One hundred thousand Shen Shixing is also in vain."
“From the perspective of the people, they have two options. The first is to work in this handicraft workshop, and the second is to go to sea.”
Zhu Yijun tapped his fingers on the table. He paused, nodded and said: "You said it Makes sense.”
“Fujian has a large population and a small area with eight mountains, one water and one farmland. But even so, Fujian still has a population of 11.3 million. This is the number after the Yellow Book was revised. It is really a lot. , with the military strategists in Fujian invincible territory, It is simply a miracle that there is such a large population.”
“And the food that feeds these people is 95% produced by Fujian itself, and less than half is imported from abroad. .”
"To put it bluntly, the population of Fujian has reached the upper limit of the land."
"The people of the Ming Dynasty are hardworking enough. Even in the foothills of only three tile-roofed houses, as long as the slope is appropriate, the hardworking Fujian people , They will also be developed into terraced fields. Behind the word "hardworking" is the shortage of resources and the bitterness."
"If we can farm on the plains, who would be willing to cultivate terraced fields and even water them? Go up."< br>
“Before the opening of the sea, the Fujian people kowtowed to Mazu and went directly to the ship to find a way out. After the opening of the sea in Wanli, the Fujian people became the main force of the Ming Dynasty in going to sea. In fourteen years , more than one hundred Four hundred thousand people went to sea and went to Tamsui Town, Xinglongzhuang, Luzon, Borneo, and Java on Jilong Island. "
Zhu Yijun first talked about the choices of people in Fujian after the sea opened. The terraces in Fujian are really too good. It’s hard to plant! If it is a high value-added cash crop, such as tea, coffee, etc., it is better and there is profit.
The land of Java, which has been cultivated for two years and nine years, is the hometown that Fujian people have never seen before.
But in the past, due to limitations of navigation technology, going to sea was too risky. However, with the vigorous development of Ming Dynasty shipbuilding technology and astronomy, going to Java is no longer so dangerous, at least the benefits far outweigh the risks.
This is only the number of people from Fujian who went to sea. During the fourteen years of continuous opening of the sea, more than three million people from the Ming Dynasty went to sea to make a living. The entire Southeast Asia is full of the shadow of the Ming people, and the number is still expanding.
Feng Bao hurriedly said: "Your Majesty, going to sea is only a way to survive. There is another way to survive, which is to work in official factories and private workshops."
"Thanks to the prosperity of overseas trade, Your Majesty With a large investment of silver, various handicraft workshops were established in the coastal provinces of the Ming Dynasty. The work in these workshops was a bit bitter, but it was better than starving to death.”
"Our Ming Dynasty people are hardworking. What they fear most is idleness. Once this person is idle, he will be idle."
Feng Bao raised a teacup and said: "This workshop is a teahouse. Going to the sea is like a tea cover, and sandwiched in the middle are carnivores such as the powerful right-wingers and the rural virtuous gentry. Once the people have a way out, the old production relations will gradually disintegrate. Maybe it’s something that’s taken away.”
“There’s only one way to keep the people on the land, and that’s to reduce the rent and deny the benefits. The people will run away, and reducing the rent means that the output of the land will decrease. It will take too long to recover the cost of the land acquired through annexation. "
Feng Bao made his point clear. Shen Shixing is a capable and capable official, but the main thing is that the times create heroes.
The old production relations are collapsing, starting from Songjiang Prefecture, spreading to Zhejiang and Nanya, and spreading from the coast to the inland. This is the result of the Wanli Reform.
It was not the emperor who led the Ming Dynasty, revitalized the Ming Dynasty, and created the conditions. Shen Shixing really couldn't do it.
The conservative landowners gradually discovered that they could no longer bully the tenants, exploit them as slaves, and reach out to the last handful of rice in the common people's rice vat.
Because the tenants were upset and boarded the ship to the South Seas, the landlords lost a tenant and a labor force forever. The land began to be abandoned, and the annexed land became wasteland.
Even if the rent is reduced and the slave status is abolished, it still cannot stop these tenants from taking risks.
Because as long as you get on the boat, arrive at the Governor's Mansion, and be driven by the Governor, you can get the land you dream of.
The Ming Dynasty opened the sea not only for the money, but also for the land.
Once the rent is reduced, it means that the income from the land will be reduced, and it will take too long to recover the cost of the merger. The motivation of the gentry to annex the land will be reduced, and the resistance to the promotion of the land return order will be greatly reduced.
Zhu Yijun wrote and drew on the paper, nodded and said: "The old production relations have collapsed, and these rural sages and gentry have the loudest voices. If we only listen to what they say, the Ming Dynasty will be in decline, and it will soon be over. The country has been subjugated. Why has the world become like this? The general environment is getting worse and worse. If they are not allowed to dominate and oppress the people, then the environment has become worse.”
"What you say makes sense. The smooth promotion of the land return order in Zhejiang is the result of the collapse of the old production relations. However, what I want to say is that it is a rare official to be able to act according to the times and follow the trend. "
"If all my subordinates are Xun officials like this, I can rest easy. Unfortunately, Xun officials and Suyi censors are also a minority in the court."
Times create heroes, and heroes create times. This is a mutual relationship, not black and white.
Without Shen Shixing, Zhejiang’s land restoration would not have been so smooth, and it is even said that there is a high possibility of failure.
Zhu Yijun Zhu approved Shen Shixing’s memorial and approved his complete land return order. In addition to confiscation of homes, Shen Shixing added seven additional items to the land return order, namely: granting land, reclaiming wasteland, and Dasuo Mao Yue, anti-theft, Yongye, ban change, house raid. Reclamation here refers to the reclaimed wasteland, which belongs to the people who reclaim it, rather than to the sages who returned to the countryside in the past;
The Da Suo Mao Yue is a system of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which is to prevent the powerful and powerful people from hiding in the countryside without repaying their dues. The Sui and Tang Dynasties began to sit together, and the Ming Dynasty also started to sit together;
In the case of permanent industry, all fields granted to rural areas will be granted forever and will not be taken back. History has also proved that once the land is divided, it cannot be taken back at all. However, if the land attached to the city and Fuzhou County is not granted, it will still be official land. There is a large population in the city, and the government government does not have enough official land to support so many people in the city.
The ban is easy, the land is not allowed to be bought and sold, but the court does not prevent the lease. The lease period is five years, and the lease must be approved once every five years;
"Hey! How can this Wang Jiaping be like that? Like Zhou Liangyin, he is picking up leftovers behind Shen Shixing!" Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Jiaping's memorial in his hand and was amazed!
Wang Jiaping started returning farmland in Guangzhou Prefecture, not Guangdong and Guangxi, just Guangzhou Prefecture, a small-scale pilot project.
Zhou Liangyin followed Hou Yuzhao to pick up leftovers every day. Hou Yuzhao said that Zhou Liangyin did not find it shabby at all, so he said: Me too.
Now Wang Jiaping has copied Shen Shixing's work. Returning farmland in Guangzhou is much easier than that in Zhejiang. Yin Zhengmao and Ling Yunyi have trained these two major households to be obedient. Wang Jiaping is not a good person. Guangdong and Guangxi want to be bold and right. Everyone misses Yin Zhengmao and Ling Yunyi.
Feng Bao found three other memorials, placed them in front of His Majesty, and said: "Not only Guangdong and Guangxi, but also Fujian, Jiangsu, and Shandong are all trying to implement land restoration, because the workshops We need people.”
The craftsmen and apprentices in the workshops who do not work the land need to eat, so they must return the land. If the land is not returned, the land will be abandoned in the hands of the landlords, and the tenants will be less motivated to produce, and the agricultural output will be reduced. It is not enough to support the development of handicraft industry.
The workshop requires a large number of people, and the five coastal provinces are the bridgeheads for opening up the sea, so a large number of people are needed for construction.
For the five coastal provinces, the biggest challenge at the moment is to allow more people to become craftsmen and produce goods while ensuring sufficient agricultural output. It seems that the coastal areas of Ming Dynasty The officials from the five provinces all gave the same answer: return the fields.
Returning farmland can save labor in farming, allowing more people to invest in handicraft workshops and produce goods.
Those who have perseverance have perseverance. The Emperor of Ming Dynasty wanted to make Ming Dynasty great again. This requires all the people of Ming Dynasty to work hard. It is not even possible to do it by being a cow or a horse, but to work hard. Only then can success be possible.
Then if the emperor doesn’t give you enough benefits, why should the people fight for you? Therefore, returning farmland has become the only answer in the five coastal provinces, providing the people with permanent output and the means of production in exchange for them to farm the land, have children, and work in workshops.
Build more gallops and make more iron horses to move Ming's goods and let Ming enter the commodity economy in small steps.
“Even female workers have appeared.” Zhu Yijun noticed that a varying number of female workers appeared in Lian Shandong, and they were not weavers. Being a weaver was already a very good job.
Women workers appeared in kelp factories, tobacco factories, sugar factories, construction, post distribution and other industries, and even in coal kilns and iron smelting works.
Iron smelting works are very labor-intensive, but there are still female workers.
The emergence of female workers is a typical manifestation of labor shortage, which represents the insufficient male labor force in the Ming Dynasty to support production activities.
The Imperial Academy once calculated that the working capacity of a prime-age labor force of about 22 years old was 1.25 horsepower. This is two thousand strong men in their twenties, working with two thousand horses for a long time. comparison, and finally get the result.
The Ming Dynasty's manpower was too cheap, which once became the emperor's worry, because the essence of too cheap human resources is that the human resources are too abundant, and too much manpower will definitely hinder the Ming Dynasty's transformation into a commodity economy.
To produce goods, there must be consumers.
The rural gentry and powerful right-wing people who occupy a minority in society are wasteful without limit and still cannot consume enough goods to promote economic development.
The economy will not change due to human will. All policies can do is adjust. The invisible hands of supply and demand will make the economy fall into a cyclical cycle. If demand is insufficient, the economy will really die. You see.
The root cause of the phenomenon of insufficient demand is the acute labor-capital conflict. Human resources are too sufficient, and it is difficult for the court to regulate labor-capital conflicts.
The law cannot be implemented without sufficient soil and environment.
Time passed by, and with the rapid growth of the workshop, human resources were finally insufficient.
The Ming Dynasty is still an agricultural country, and it is a large agricultural country. Not everyone is willing to leave the land where they were born and raised and enter workshops. The shortage of human resources shows the characteristics of concentration. Mainly in coastal areas, the handicraft industry develops rapidly. area.
This lack of human resources concentrated in coastal cities is of positive significance to the Wanli Restoration.
“It’s a good thing that the Labor Party and the rural gentry are robbing the population, and the poor coolies who are robbed will gain some bargaining power, even if it is a negligible bargaining power, they can sell themselves at a good price, which is for all the people. , life will be easier." Zhu Yijun approved several memorials in front of him and confirmed that the order to return farmland spread from Zhejiang to the five coastal provinces.
Liaodong is also a coastal province, but it is a newly developed land in the Ming Dynasty. Even the Chief Secretary did not bother to understand that the land was newly reclaimed, so naturally there is no need to return the land.
"Your Majesty, there is good news. The route to Pengju Port has been completely opened." Feng Bao found a memorial and placed it in front of His Majesty. He said with a smile on his face: "The Ming Ocean Trading Company has been This route was developed and became a stable route.”
The emperor didn't fall in love with Pengju Port City in a day. In fact, Xu Fan had been looking for a suitable location since the first time he served as the Ming Emperor's envoy to Taixi. The emperor could see that the Ming Dynasty's maritime merchants Naturally, it can be seen that the silver of the New World is also very attractive to the Ming maritime merchants.
As long as the Ming Dynasty opens the sea, it will inevitably embark on this path and continue to expand, whether it is orderly or not.
The one who completed this route was not Songjiang Ocean Trading Company, which Zhu Yijun had high hopes for. Sun Keyi made great contributions in pioneering and was awarded the third-class pioneering title. Songjiang Prefecture served as the bridgehead for opening up the sea. The Ming Emperor originally hoped that Songjiang Ocean Trading Company would Explore east.
But Songjiang Ocean Trading Company prefers to go to Nanyang and the West, to Nanyang to obtain plantation products, and to the Mughal Kingdom to obtain enough cotton.
The ones who completed the route development were Fujian Yuegang and Guangzhou Ocean Trading Company. Tang Zhihan and Guangzhou Ocean Trading Company Bai Jingrui completed the route needle (compass pointer) map, star-crossing map, supply island, island barbarian, trade wind, etc. exploration, and will All these explored charts were presented to the court by Wang Jiaping.
"You can make two trips to Pengju Port a year." Zhu Yijun looked at the memorial in his hand and said with a smile: "Buying horse bones for a thousand gold is still effective."
Feng Bao was quite emotional. Said: "That's right, the Sun family of Songjiang is indeed They were wealthy and luxurious, but they were so suppressed by Xu Jie that they could not hold their heads high. Since they were determined to follow the court, they suddenly became the richest people in the Ming Dynasty. When Tang Zhihan and Bai Jingrui saw this, they were naturally extremely envious. Only then did I present all the sea charts.”< br>
“I didn’t expect that back then, there were many conflicts between the court and the local government over maritime trade, which even reached the point of Japanese invasion. But now, cooperation will benefit both sides, and we are working together.”
< br>Zhu Yijun shook his head and said: "He Ze Two people benefit, and two people suffer when divided. I understand this truth, and the maritime merchants also understand it. I hope they can always remember that they are also part of the Ming Dynasty, but it is impossible to expect them to not be obsessed with profit and always understand. ”
"Now, they are begging the court and submissive. I just hope that this cooperation can last longer than confrontation."
Zhu Yijun is still very wary of these Southeast maritime merchants, and stretches out The Japanese pirates that have plagued the southeast for more than 20 years are caused by smugglers who got away with it under the Forbidden Sea and caused big troubles. If we don't pay attention to them, maybe it won't be long before the Japanese invaders cause another problem.
The conflict between the imperial court and Southeast maritime merchants began in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty. It was a competition between centrifugal force and centripetal force. I thought it would always be a state of confrontation greater than cooperation. Unexpectedly, it has now become cooperation rather than confrontation.
The Japanese pirates were the biggest variable. These Japanese pirates burned, killed, looted, and committed all kinds of evil, forcing the maritime merchants to surrender to the imperial court. Because of the war against the Japanese for more than 20 years, the southeastern maritime merchants finally realized A fundamental fact.
Without a country, there is no home. Without public interests, private interests cannot be maintained.
Nowadays, the Ming Dynasty maritime merchants go to the Japanese country to do business. Which Japanese pirate dares to plunder the Ming Dynasty maritime merchants? Thirty-six kilograms of naval gun, stuffed directly into the mouth of the Japanese pirates!
The Japanese invasion that had plagued the southeast for more than 20 years was finally put down by the imperial court. All coastal provinces had municipal shipping departments. With all their strength in opening up the sea, the Ming Dynasty Navy became the unruly maritime merchants. Taboo’s greatest confidence.
Tang Zhihan is still in the capital, and his case is still undergoing the second death penalty review. There is still a process to go. Yuegang Ocean Trading Company handed over the sea chart. It was more or less a political bribe. Bribing the Ming Dynasty The emperor hoped that the court would not jump again and again during the replay.
Even though the Emperor of Ming Dynasty met with Tang Zhihan in person and clearly informed the emperor of his attitude, and the three courts held a joint trial and the case was completely concluded, the shipowners of Yuegang Trading Company still felt that the power of God was unpredictable and offered some auspiciousness to please them. emperor.
The Bai family in Dianbai Gang was a wealthy family in Guangzhou. They were willing to give up part of the nautical charts they controlled because they hoped to gain more support from the court.
Offshore trade and ocean trade are completely different.
For example, insurance, Ocean Insurance is completely government-run. The emperor doesn’t want to give the cake to anyone, so the Insurance Regulatory Bureau directly cuts off their insurance. They are not qualified to eat meat or add to the bottom of the bowl. The risks of ocean business are too great. , there is no insurance cover, the ship sinks, maybe how many years or how many years? Ten years of savings have to be paid;
For example, weapons, the ocean trading companies are all armed merchant ships. If you want to obtain enough and powerful weapons, you can only get them from the imperial court. Armor, reliable firearms, and brown gunpowder are all It is a good thing only available to the imperial court, and The Ming Dynasty Navy has expanded to 30,000 troops. In the future, if the navy can escort the navy, then it will have peace of mind;
For example, commodities, high-end silk, bone china, jade, colored glaze, porcelain, worsted woolen, etc. For high-profit products, Guanyao has the best quality and the highest profit. products;
For example, the boat masters, the boat masters of the Ming Dynasty Maritime School, one by one was robbed. Many times, the boat master’s whereabouts are recommended by the maritime school, and the boat master cannot be offended, otherwise the sea Without a boat master, going to Ryukyu can help you float to Qiongzhou.
If you can't rely on the court, ocean trade is risky. Even those adventurous navigators in the West have to rely on the sponsorship of the Spanish royal family.
Cooperation is greater than confrontation, which is the situation Zhu Yijun wants to see. Zhu Yijun is not optimistic about how long it can last.
The snake swallows the elephant when the human heart is not enough, and the mantis catches the cicada at the end of the world.
Greed is the inherently evil side of human nature. Insatiable greed will bring disaster. Now that the maritime merchants are weak, they turn to the court for help. They appear to be well-behaved. When they become bigger and stronger and have full wings, their interests will Driven by this, it will once again become confrontation rather than cooperation.
"Your Majesty, a student from the Imperial College started fighting with a student from the Royal Institute of Technology." Feng Bao talked about a lively event in the capital yesterday.
"Who won?!" Zhu Yijun raised his eyebrows and asked immediately.
Feng Bao hurriedly said: "The supervisors of the Imperial College are all weak scholars, so naturally the students of the Polytechnic Institute won."
When Zhu Yijun heard this, he continued to ask He said: "It's good to win. Is anyone dead?"
"That's not possible. A fight is a fight, no one is dead." Feng Bao answered quickly.
"What was the reason for the fight?" When Zhu Yijun heard that no one was killed, he completely regarded it as a show of excitement. Isn't this young man arrogant and still a young man?
Feng Bao thought for a while and said tactfully: "The students from the Polytechnic Institute were mapping the Western Mountains. The supervisors took the initiative to provoke, found an excuse, and pushed the adjusted surveying and mapping telescopes into the water, and then they started fighting."
Feng Bao has already saved face for these supervisors.
(End of this chapter)