Chapter 111 Dialect
“By the way, here is something interesting for uncle to see.” Zhou Zhi turned to a page of notes: “This.”
Mu’s father picked up the notebook and found The above is a short play.
"In the past, the memorials were accurate, but today they are not accurate even half a cent. If they are not allowed to serve as ministers, the humble ministers will be killed at the palace gate."
Mu's father burst out laughing when he saw this: "Mom, listen to me read this to you!"
"In the past, the (bòng) version (bòng) (bòng) was accurate (zòng), but today it is not allowed (zòng) even half a cent (fōng). If it is not allowed (zòng), it is the minister's version ( bòng), Weichen Peng (pòng) died at the palace gate (móng)! Hahahaha, it’s so funny..."
"Oh, what kind of ghost scripture are you reading? It’s so ugly!"
< b r>Mu's father smiled and said: "It's fun to do this elbow, but what's the use of it? Who can show it?"
Zhou Zhi said with a smile: "Someone is watching! The poems and songs of ancient times, It’s based on this.”
“There are many people who study ancient Chinese, especially those who study ancient Chinese phonology, but we Jiachuan people are not born with this obstacle.”
"Isn't that right?"
"I'll give you an example. For example, the word room is called 'Fang Gan' in Jia Sichuan dialect. Uncle, don't you think so?"
" Ah yes! That’s right.”
“So: Jingkou and Guazhou are separated by a few mountains.”
“There is also meat.” Right? ”
"Yes."
"So: I would rather eat without meat (ru) than live without bamboo (zu)."
"Hey! It's true!"
"besides, Any poem that rhymes with rhymes is awkward to read in Mandarin, but it rhymes completely when we read it in Sichuan dialect. For example, "Reading under the Lamp" by Lu You in the Song Dynasty: A young man likes to read books, but his ideas are not enough. A little light in the quiet window will make him happy. super five Desire. On Huangzhou Road, I stayed in the Xiaoyu Fishing Village. The sound of chirping was used to cleanse me of the summer poison. Why should I follow the example of Lai Gong and stay drunk all night long? "Come on, come on..." Mu's father was so happy that he couldn't see anything, and stretched out his arms to catch Zhou Zhi's neck: "Elbow, I can play with my uncle. If any idiot dares to laugh at your aunt in the future, I will use it to make him a fool!"< br>
"There is a song, uncle, you will definitely know it, and as long as you read it out, I can guarantee that no one will dare to shine in vain again!"
"Really?"
Zhou Zhi pointed to the song on the wall. Great man: ""Qingpingle·Liupanshan""
"The sky is high and the clouds are light,
I can see the geese flying south (an).
He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
It only takes 20,000 yuan to travel.
The peak of Liupan Mountain (fong),
The red flag rolls in the west wind (fong).
Today I have a long tassel in my hand,
When will the Cang Long be bound? ! "
"Hahaha! Want it! I have to get this one! Mu's father was overjoyed: "No one dares to be white again!" "
"So, those who say that my aunt has a rustic accent are actually because they have limited culture and are blind to gold and jade! "Zhou Zhi said.
"Good baby! Father Mu slapped Zhou Zhi on the back: "Daman!" Learn more! "
"Daman helped me sort out a lot this semester. " Zhou Zhi said with a smile: "Based on the "Dialect Survey Character List" compiled by the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, we used more than 3,700 characters in it as basic example characters, passed it through, and basically figured out the characteristics of the Jiachuan dialect. Initial consonants, finals, and tones. ”
"There is also the collection and sorting of many dialect words, and confirmed that they are from ancient written language, ancient spoken language, Erhua, connected reading, tones, foreign words and other sources. The interference of some foreign words has been eliminated, and some unique words have been transcribed Investigate carefully and make your decisions as accurately as possible "The following is the annotation and grammar."
"Of course Daman and I know and master it. Daman said it is far worse than Auntie. We have done it ourselves before. I went through it the first time, and I went to my grandma for the second time. , but my grandma has lived in the county town for a long time and often watches TV, so she is a little confused.”
“So I have another task this time, which is to clarify the ambiguities in the preliminary investigation. place.”
"Uncle, these are actually very useful. For example, in terms of relative terms in the vocabulary, Jiachuan calls grandfather as father and grandmother as mother-in-law; father is called father, father, and grandfather; mother is called mother, mother. These are all mentioned in ancient books. can be found.”
"For example, the interjection 'yebu' often spoken by Jiachuan people appears in the third, twenty-third, and thirtieth chapters of "Xiaoxiao Shengci Hua"."
"Another example is People in Jiachuan call roasting fire "Xianghuo". This is a term commonly used in the north, but less common in the south. It is used in Jiachuan dialect, and it also appears in "Jingshi Tongyan", Tang poetry, and "Water Margin""
"Through these investigations, we can basically conclude that. Jiachuan dialect belongs to the northern dialect area, southwest sub-dialect area, Shu A dialect of Sichuan dialect, its characteristic is that it retains a large number of sounds, rhymes, tones and words of ancient southwest Mandarin. "
"When my aunt helps me figure out the difficulties in the field survey, I will put them into practice. Organize it into one article, take advantage of this opportunity to go to Shudu Yes, let the experts take a look. As for whether this effort is valuable, they still have the final say.” Are cartoons good at playing poker?”
"That's right! At least for your uncle and me, it is valuable!"
Mu's father nodded in affirmation: "When the time comes, let Daman make a copy, and I will read it carefully."
“Okay, I’ll make a copy and give my uncle some pointers.”
That’s what he said, but Zhou Zhi wanted to prepare this article as a stepping stone for him to visit the scholars of Shuchuan University. , for Mu’s father, the threshold may be too high.
For example, in Jiachuan dialect, many characters with light labial sound are pronounced as characters with heavy labial sound, but no characters with heavy labial sound are pronounced as characters with light labial sound. This can explain that in ancient times, heavy labial sounds and light labial sounds were mixed without distinction. This can also prove the historical sound change phenomenon of heavy labial sounds turning into light labial sounds.
This point is very important, because there is a doubtful point that is still being debated in the academic circles - "There is no light labial sound in ancient times".
Whether this statement is right or wrong, the Jiachuan dialect collected by Zhou Zhi can provide important supporting evidence.
Also, referring to the system of "Guangyun", an important material on medieval phonology, Zhou Zhi will compare some of the results that have been researched by the academic community with the Jiachuan dialect, and analyze the development of the Jiachuan dialect from the Song Dynasty to the present. Some changes.
This research is in full swing in the two dialects of the Lingnan region, Hokkien and Cantonese, which are important areas of ancient Chinese, especially pronunciation, that are relatively intact.
However, because the area in which Jiachuan dialect is spoken is too small, it is still a virgin land to be developed.
Mandarin has twenty-one initial consonants, thirty-nine finals, and four tones.
Cantonese has nineteen initial consonants, nine ventral rhymes, eight final rhymes, fifty-six finals, and nine tones.
Jiachuan dialect is somewhere in between, with a total of twenty-one initial consonants, forty-two finals, and five tones.
There is no distinction between l and n in the initial consonant, and there are no other retroflex sounds except r.
There are no finals such as eng, ing, or ueng.
O and uo are difficult to distinguish, but Duoer changes into rhyme.
But there are many more phonetic combinations in Jiachuan dialect that are not found in Mandarin, such as ki, jiong, and the mong and fong in the previous opera.
There is another one, jio, who is very familiar to later generations of netizens.
There are also some initials and finals that cannot be typed.
For example, the "雁" in "Qingpingle·Liupanshan" actually has a guttural initial consonant similar to "e".
In terms of finals, Jiachuan dialect can be divided into two categories: Shu tone rhyme and Ru tone rhyme. Compared with the "Guangyun" phonology, there is a big difference between the four-call situation of finals in the Jiachuan dialect and the "Hongxi" situation of the finals in the "Guangyun" phonology system.
The five tones are Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Shang Tone, Qu Tone, and Enter Tone.
The tone value is generally low and has little fluctuation.
The final conclusion is: the main evolution trend of ancient and modern tones in Jiachuan dialect is - the ancient Ping tone is divided into two tones, Yinping and Yangping in modern Jiachuan dialect, and the differentiation rule is clear Yin and turbid Yang;< br>
The upper tone of the ancient clear initial consonant and the upper tone of the sub-voiced initial consonant are still pronounced as the upper tone today;
The upper tone of the ancient fully voiced initial consonant is now pronounced as the falling tone;
The ancient falling tone is still pronounced today In Jiachuan dialect, the main pronunciation is still the falling tone;
The last one is the absolute natural advantage of Jiachuan people in learning ancient prose - basically retaining the ancient tones.
At this point, we can almost see that the Jiachuan dialect is actually a late medieval variety of the northern language family. It is very different from the Tang pronunciation of Cantonese. It may be more likely to belong to the Song pronunciation "Guangyun" Based on thirty-six or forty-one tones and one hundred and ten rhymes, it evolved into the legacy of Southwest Mandarin.
Therefore, this paper will be very thick. Except for the field investigation part in the front and the theoretical research and analysis in the back, in fact, most of Mu’s father could not understand it.
Even among the locals in Jiachuan, there may only be a handful of fourth cousins and godfathers who can really understand it.
Of course, Mu’s father, who is now happily immersed in the importance of his wife’s dialect, has nothing to say about this.
Time is precious, Mu’s mother started preparing dinner after washing the dishes, while Zhou Zhi was conducting the interview with a notebook.
There is also a context problem here. When talking to Mu Mu, Zhou Zhi naturally followed Mu Mu and became more and more "countryside", became more "authentic", and became Mother Mu's "local accent" made her giggle with joy.
This was the first time since she came out of the mountain village that Mu's mother not only did not face any discrimination or ridicule in terms of language, but also received special attention, which made her like Zhou Zhi more and more.
This evening’s meal is steamed pork with rice flour. The meat was brought back by Uncle Qiu who sent the wood down the mountain, along with a piece of fat sausage and ten pounds of pork belly.
Zhou Zhi finally put down his notebook and started to help.
The steamer is divided into two compartments, with the sausage flavor at the bottom and the five-flower oil at the top. The vegetarian dishes under the meat dishes include legumes, sweet potato, pumpkin, green beans and cowpeas. After the fire started, Zhou Zhi started to take them out again. This notebook records what I gained while chatting while working.
Mu’s mother began to cook porridge and the pigweed that Mu Ruyun and Ye Xin had brought back. The hungry and dissatisfied grunts of the fat pigs could be heard in the pigsty behind the house.
They also had to feed the pheasants. Seeing the way Mu Ruyun was walking towards the back of the house carrying a bag of corn, Zhou Zhi estimated that there would be many chickens.
The reason Zhou Zhi likes the countryside and his rural classmates is because of their hard-working, diligent and simple character.
Dinners in rural areas are all eaten very late, until eight o'clock in the evening. When the summer sky is about to darken and the fragrance of steamed pork is wafting around, a group of drunkards finally start to get up.
Yan Xiao rubbed his face with his palms, as if he was still recalling the episode at noon: "How did I get to bed? I have no memory at all?"
"You drank until you were drunk. ”
When Fang Wenyu saw Mu's father, he begged for mercy: "Uncle, you must not come here again in the evening. This lunch is like you haven't eaten at all, and you have poured out as much as you can."
Mu's father smiled and said, "That's it if the bean curd falls over." It’s steamed pork with vermicelli in the evening. It’s a pity that it’s gone. Just be casual. "
Casual means that you have to express a little bit. If you don’t come at all, you can’t get away with it.
Fang Wenyu had no choice but to grimace: "Okay."
Zhang Xinyi and Jiang Shuyi also came down. Although they were not familiar with He Yongmei and Feng Xueshan, they were close friends with Ye Xin. , went up and grabbed her: "Xinxin, you have gone too far! You made us lose our composure!"
(End of this chapter)