Chapter 800 Lecture Begins
An Zhaiying shook his head: "The dragon pattern in the Ming Dynasty was more than strong but not agile enough. After that, the dragon pattern was basically finalized. It was not until Daoguang that the 'thin dragon' appeared again. However, the thin dragon at that time , but the muscles and bones are weak, so It is 'sick and thin' rather than 'clean and healthy' in the Yuan Dynasty, and its aesthetics are even worse than those in the Ming Dynasty."
"Anzhai Taste" is talked about by the international collectors. As soon as he finished speaking, everyone present nodded secretly.
Only Zhou Zhi shook his head secretly in his heart. An Zhaiyingyi's appreciation ability is not even a little bit worse than that of Mr. Wang.
The image of the dragon has been changing. It was fierce and vivid in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was roughly the same in the Hongwu and Yongle periods of the Ming Dynasty. It was not until Xuande that it began to become rough and powerful, and its limbs and neck became thicker than before.
After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the dragon patterns tended to be fine and delicate, but after Wanli, they began to become sloppy and weak.
The changes in dragon patterns in the Qing Dynasty are similar to those in the Ming Dynasty. The dragon patterns on the porcelain of the two dynasties secretly coincide with the trend of national destiny. This has to be said to be a magical thing.
So what Anzhai Eiichi calls the dragon of the Ming Dynasty actually refers to the impression of the Xuande dragon pattern of the Ming Dynasty.
Furthermore, the dragon mentioned by Anzhai is also the most common and familiar "horned dragon" on porcelain. His analysis is generally reasonable from an aesthetic point of view, but from the perspective of the development of dragon patterns, it is different from the current one. Kui Long is not the same thing.
Mr. Wang carefully discussed these things with Zhou Zhi at the Guobo Porcelain Research Institute while holding the fragments. Zhou Zhi listened to everyone talking, and his mood has changed from being cautious when he first entered the door to becoming a little more relaxed. .
These are all internationally renowned collectors. However, whether it is Goro Sakamoto who had just argued with him, Hou Zhongjin who was greedy before the golden age of Eastern collectibles, or Eiichi Anzai who is explaining it wrong now, it all shows that they have nothing to do with it. There is a huge difference between his vision, mentality and level of knowledge compared with the few real masters in China whom Zhou Zhi knows.
At first Zhou Zhi equated these people with Mr. Wang and his fourth cousin, but now it seems that it is nothing more than that!
Just when I thought of this, I heard Xu Zhantang shake his head and smile bitterly: "It's really hard to distinguish the dragon patterns on porcelain. The horned dragon is easy to talk about, but the remaining Yinglong, Kuilong and Chilong are really hard to argue with. Don’t.”
“It’s true,” Zhang Zongxian said, “I just can’t see the dragon on this jar. Then he passed it on to his niece.”
“Many big auction houses and museums mark these types of dragon patterns incorrectly, so it’s really hard to tell them apart,” Goro Sakamoto said immediately, “But since Mr. Zhou is old. You must know that you can easily become Haitong’s appraisal consultant, right?”
Lin Wanqiu smiled and said: "Zhou Zhi, you have studied with Mr. Wang and Mr. Qi for a while. Have the two old men explained it to you?"
Zhou Zhi looked at Goro Sakamoto. This man obviously wanted to praise him. Own.
But he was not afraid of this, and immediately nodded and said: "I have learned some."
"Come on, come on, please tell us, Mr. Xiao Zhou!" Li Jianchen took the lead in applauding: " How to distinguish these three types of dragon patterns?”
Zhou Zhi now feels that there is no need to follow this anymore. Some people were modest and polite, and said with a smile: "Then let me tell you briefly. Starting from the Yuan Dynasty, the rulers established imperial factories in Jingde to bake porcelain for daily use in the palace. In the decoration of these porcelains, they were used to represent The dragon patterns of royal status are mainly divided into several types: horned dragon, Yinglong, Kuilong, Chilong and Bald-tailed dragon. ”
"A horned dragon is a dragon with two horns on its head. It is also usually called a 'Qiulong' or a 'dragon'. It is the most commonly used dragon pattern shape in Jingde Royal Factory. The body shape can be described as 'nine-like', that is, the horns are like a deer. The eyes are like shrimps, the neck is like snake, the belly is like snake, the scales are like fish, the claws are like phoenix, etc. ”
"Everyone knows this very well, so there is no need to say more. There is only one thing that needs to be explained, that is, by the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the five-clawed dragon pattern had been monopolized by the official, representing the emperor, and could not be used on civilian kiln porcelain." "Also. There is the shape of the ceratopsian, which is related to the whole society. There are many correlations with political and economic development trends. Generally speaking, the shapes of horned dragons throughout the ages have their own characteristics. We can even basically judge the approximate production period through many details such as the scales of the dragon pattern, the shape of the claws, and the head. "
“Let’s focus on the other dragon patterns.”
“Let’s talk about Yinglong first. Yinglong pattern also often appears in the production office work files and the imperial factory firing directory. It has brought some confusion to researchers.”
"In fact, we can get the answer by studying ancient books. Yinglong refers to a winged dragon, commonly known as 'pterosaur' or 'flying dragon'."
"Huainanzi by Liu An, King of Huainan in the Han Dynasty In "Lan Ming Xun", it is recorded that after Nuwa made five-color stones to mend the sky, she rode a thunder chariot, obeyed the dragon, rode the green Qiu, aided Jue Rui, covered the yellow clouds with the silk, the white dragon in front, the snake behind, and floated freely. ...'"
"It was also mentioned in "Wu Zhi·Wu Can Biography" that 'Fu Yinglong regards flexion and extension as his god, and Fenghuang regards Jia Ming as his noble one'."
"Research with reference to cultural relic patterns, Yinglong The pattern decoration actually first appeared in ancient copper, jade, lacquerware, stone carvings, and paintings. "
"So Yinglong, like Chilong and Kuilong, is a type of ancient dragon pattern."
"In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yinglong patterns began to appear on Longquan kiln porcelain. In official kiln porcelain, the appearance of Yinglong did not begin to appear until the rapid development of Yongxuan Yuchang porcelain in the early Ming Dynasty."
"The ancients often People are represented by mausoleums. For example, Emperor Xuande was buried in Jingling. Therefore, ancient people often used Jingling to refer to Emperor Xuande in their notes. "
"Jiao Hong of the Ming Dynasty recorded in "Yutang Congyu": "One day when I was forbidden to read books in Jingling, I was surprised to see a dragon flying in the pavilion of Qianwen." Everyone couldn't answer it, so he went up to the historians and asked, "Is there anyone who can know?" Chen Jishi responded as follows: "A dragon has wings and can fly, and it is called Yinglong." 'When asked where it was, he said: 'See "Erya". "I took it from "Erya" and believed it."
"From this discussion, we can know that the Yinglong pattern should be the matter." It only appeared in the decoration of Xuande official kiln porcelain after it happened. This kind of decoration was not common at that time, otherwise it would not even have a bachelor's degree. None of them can give an accurate explanation."
"It is worth noting that the Yinglong pattern was originally one of the ancient dragon patterns, but it developed its own during the Xuande and Chenghua periods of the Ming Dynasty. , and even some fusion with the ceratopsian pattern, causing identification difficulties.”
"The biggest features of the decorative patterns are the feet and flying wings. The feet gradually evolved into double claws and flippers, while the flying wings gradually differentiated into feather wings, bat wings."
"But no matter how it evolves, In China, this type of product with two feet and The flying-wing dragon pattern, whether it is an ancient traditional pattern or an evolved pattern after the Ming Dynasty, is collectively called the 'Yinglong pattern'."
"But one thing that still needs to be distinguished is that it is another type of porcelain. Similar pattern - Capricorn fish. The pattern of the fish is also double fins with wings, which is somewhat similar to the Yinglong pattern with winged fins. "
"The most critical point of difference is not elsewhere, only on the neck and the legs connected to the fins. , the one with neck and legs is Yinglong, the one without neck and legs is Mo. Jie."
"Yinglong was only popular for a while in the Ming Dynasty. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, most of the Yinglong pattern products were imitated by imperial factories from the Xuande Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty, and there were fewer innovative productions of Yinglong with the characteristics of this dynasty. Patterned objects.”
(End of this chapter)