Chapter 801 Continuous Innovation
In future generations, these are problems that can be solved by Baidu, but today, being able to talk about them here is a real effort.
When Zhou Zhi talks about these professional knowledge, he is like a different person, with a calmer and wiser temperament. This temperament also makes many big guys forget his age.
On this special occasion, at this special time, only education is respected. In front of Zhou Zhi's current aura, even Sakamoto Goro had to bow his head.
"Elbow, drink some water." Lin Wanqiu was extremely proud, and then kicked Li Lehai, who was already dumbfounded.
The appraisal consultants of various auction houses are themselves a manifestation of the soft power of the auction houses. Zhou Zhi has already calmed down a lot of people when he stepped forward, and behind him, there are also Mr. Wang, Mr. Qi, the Forbidden City, the National Museum, and Shu University Chinese. Department, Department of History, Institute of Ancient Book Restoration and other national-level units...
What is the power of a fox and a tiger? This is called the fox pretending to be the tiger's power!
Li Lehai was a little bit annoyed, but he had to rush to pour water for Zhou Zhi.
When he came back with water, Zhou Zhi had already begun to explain the knowledge of Kui Long to everyone.
"The record of Kui Long first appeared in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Eastern Classic of Great Wilderness" - 'There is Liupo Mountain in the East China Sea, seven thousand miles into the sea. There are beasts on it, shaped like cattle, with pale bodies and no bodies. horns, one foot, When entering and exiting the water, there will be wind and rain. Its light is like the sun and moon, and its sound is like thunder. The Yellow Emperor got it and used its skin as a drum, using the bones of thunder beasts as prongs. The world'.
"Some ancient documents say that Kui is a snake-like monster. For example, Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi" of the Eastern Han Dynasty explains: 'Kui is a magical creature with one foot like a dragon.'"
"In ancient classics, Like a dragon with one foot , is the characteristic of Kui Long. "
"However, the representation of Kui Long on porcelain is not like this. On the contrary, it is a changed image of Capricorn Fish, which is infinitely close to the Ying Long pattern at that time. "
“The fundamental reason is that the Kui dragon pattern appeared too late. It did not appear on the official kilns of the Song and Yuan dynasties, as well as the Hongwu and Yongle kilns of the Ming Dynasty. It was not until the Xuande period that it began to appear on porcelain. ”
“From the ornamentation of the artifacts, the shape of the Xuande Kuilong is very clear – no scales, animal-like feet, a pig’s mouth, small wings on the sides of the feet, and a curly grass tail. ”
"The only difference from the Yinglong pattern at that time is that the dragon body is shorter, has no fish-like scales, and spits lotus flowers from its mouth."
"Therefore, Kuilong also had an interesting common name at the time, called 'Han Flower Dragon', this is also its area The biggest feature that is different from the Yinglong pattern. "
"In addition to the standard classical beast-footed Kuilong, three-clawed Kuilong began to appear in the Chenghua Dynasty, that is, the two feet changed into three-clawed dragons. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial factory returned to production Make a five-clawed Kui dragon. "
"After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Kui dragon's use as the main pattern on porcelain decreased sharply, and it appeared more as an auxiliary decoration. This kind of small Kui dragon decoration also has a common name, called ' 'Kaizilong' "
"We just said that one of the major differences between Kuilong and Yinglong is that they contain flowers, including Ganoderma lucidum, but we also need to distinguish them from other types of dragons. "
"There is a type of dragon that later evolved the characteristic of holding Ganoderma lucidum in its mouth, and that is the Chi dragon."
"In ancient legends, Chi is a hornless dragon, as stated in "Shuowen" 'none "Jiao said Chi'" refers to this."
"But the reflection of the Kui dragon pattern on the porcelain is very different from the one-legged character in the ancient books. The reflection of the Chi dragon pattern on the porcelain, It is completely different from the records in ancient books. "
"Chilong patterns on porcelain are mostly single horns, occasionally double horns, and there are almost no hornless cases." "The chilong patterns were also produced very early. It can be traced back to primitive society and was one of the totem symbols at that time. It often appeared in ancient architecture and bronze, jade, ceramics and other handicrafts. ”
"In early literature, Chi is an animal shape, similar to a tiger, and is often referred to as 'Chi Tiger'."
"For example, "Song Book·Zhi No. 8" records: 'The first Emperor Gaozu entered the Pass, Obtained the Lantian Jade Seal of the First Emperor of Qin, Chihu Button, with the inscription "Accepting the Order of Heaven, the Emperor Shouchang" was worn by the great ancestor, and later generations named it "The Seal of Chuan Guo", with the title of "Beheading the White Snake". The sword is a treasure of Chengyu. "
"Chi pattern was not found in Hongwu and Yongle imperial factories. Chi pattern porcelain only began to appear in the Xuande Dynasty, together with Yinglong and Kuilong. The time when the pattern was first used is roughly the same.”
“The chi dragons on Xuande porcelain all have four legs, and the number of claws can be divided into three claws. There are three categories: four-clawed and five-clawed. Generally speaking, its strong and muscular body is very similar to the popular dragon pattern at that time. It is characterized by the lack of scales on the body, the single horn on the head, and the tail is in the shape of a curly dragon. Holding Ganoderma lucidum in its mouth should be inspired by the image of Kui Long holding a lotus in his mouth."
"The image of Xuande Chilong. After being established, there was not much change for a long time. In the Qing Dynasty, chilongs with dragon whiskers on their lips and chilongs with animal feet began to appear in official kiln porcelain. Later, even animal-footed chilongs and dragon claws began to appear. Chi dragons appeared on the same porcelain, and during the Qian and Jiaqing periods, chi dragon patterns such as feet holding flowers and claws carrying ganoderma lucidum often appeared. ”
"Finally, let's talk about the bald-tailed dragon. The bald-tailed dragon is very easy to identify. The image of the horned dragon removes the broom-shaped tail and becomes a small tail or even a bald tail."
"This pattern is on the official porcelain of the Qing Dynasty. Unique, especially in the Kangxi Dynasty, it is mainly related to a legend. "This legend is recorded in "Zi Buyu" written by Yuan Mei of the Qing Dynasty." Dragon, was punished to In the human world, he was reborn in the womb of Bi's wife in Wendeng County, Shandong Province. After giving birth, he turned into a little dragon. His father cut off its tail with a knife, so it became a bald-tailed dragon. After cutting off its tail, the dragon flew to the northeast and settled in Bailongjiang, changing its name to Black Dragon. >"When the black dragon grew up, he fought hard with the white dragon who harmed the people in the river, and finally won and became the master of the river. From then on, the weather along the coast was smooth, and the black dragon was also honored as 'Bald-tailed Lord Li Long'."
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"In order to commemorate his achievements, the local people changed the name of 'Bailongjiang' to 'Heilongjiang', which is still in use today." The government regards it as the "Longxing Land", so the bald tail dragon pattern is adopted. The decoration was widely used in official kiln porcelain in the Qing Dynasty and became a propaganda tool for the change of dynasty. It was not until the Qianlong Dynasty stabilized that it gradually disappeared and returned to the normal shape of the horned dragon."
"To sum up, Aside from the ceratopsian, the tailless dragon is easy to identify. On porcelain The shapes of the remaining three dragons can basically be summarized as Chi and Kui, both of which have no scales and have animal feet. Among them, the one without wings is Chi; the one with wings on both legs is Kui; the legs can be optional, two or four, but they have scales. Those with wings are the corresponding ones. "
" Among the auxiliary characteristics, those with passion flower are basically Kui; Those containing Ganoderma lucidum are basically Chi dragons.”
“Judging from the use of dragon patterns in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, starting from the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, three novel shapes, namely Chi dragon, Ying dragon, and Kui dragon, appeared at the same time. At that time, the imperial factory was very innovative and reformed. ”
"Although the imperial porcelain industry in later dynasties prospered several times, the main body of modeling is still based on the Xuande Dynasty."
"So the status of Xuande Dynasty porcelain in the development of imperial factories in the Ming and Qing Dynasties can also be Reflected through the dragon pattern, it is a link between the past and the future, laying the foundation for future generations, which is of epoch-making significance.”
"The subsequent changes and development of many different dragon pattern shapes later even caused difficulties in identification in museums and auction houses. It also reflects that the Imperial Factory's decorative design is still evolving while absorbing and inheriting traditional Chinese culture. and innovation.”
(End of this chapter)