Chapter 1473 Mutual Influence
“But it seems that it still cannot explain the direct connection between various cultures.” Zhou Zhi continued: “Everyone grows rice and uses fishery as the main source of meat. This can be explained by the Three Gorges area and the Yangtze River. The products in the downstream areas are similar, which is equivalent to only If you can eat zebras and crocodiles, you can only eat kangaroos and emus in Oceania. This is not determined by the culture, but by the products of the cultural location.”
“The same goes for architecture, in order to adapt to the climate conditions in the south. , when building a house, a variety of methods that are beneficial to moisture-proof, rain-proof, and heat-proof are generally adopted. Technical measures. It is equivalent to that under the same subsequent conditions, in order to make themselves comfortable, after repeated practice, everyone has gained similar experience and building materials, and developed similar building technologies. In fact, they all reach the same goal through different paths. Generally consistent."
"Yes. , We must be rigorous in doing archeology. "Sheng Zhaoming said: "When examining cultural relevance, the most important thing is actually the special cultural symbols."
"The pottery and stone tools unearthed here are quite unique. There are many and well preserved, and there are also jade articles, etc. ”
"The most distinctive stone tools are stone chisels with symmetrical edges sharpened on both sides. There are very few perforated stone shovels and stone adzes with slanted shoulders, and occasionally giant stone axes up to thirty or forty centimeters long. At the same time, there are a considerable number of stone hoes and oval-shaped stone tools. Stone cutters and other stone tools ."
"Of course, the most obvious cultural characteristics of the Neolithic Age are pottery and jade."
"The pottery of Daxi Culture can be divided into three periods. Red pottery is the most popular, poke The stamp patterns are simple and small, and there are very few painted pottery, represented by pots with folded shoulders, three-legged plates, drum-shaped holders, etc." Fold the edge around the base plate, Gui, high beans, Curved-belly basins, curved-belly cups, cylindrical bottles, etc. "
"In the late period, clay pottery dominated, gray pottery and black pottery increased dramatically, and various display vessels began to appear, including thin-necked pots and folded pots. Mouth ring, foot bowl, etc.”
"Among the remains, the majority of the remains are pottery with charcoal, while the proportion of pottery with sand is always very small, and even less with white pottery. The most common types of vessels are ring-foot plates and pottery guis, and the typical ones include painted pottery cylindrical bottles."
"Various groups of stamp patterns are popular on the circle feet. The painted pottery patterns include horizontal herringbone patterns, curved grid patterns, and some pottery-shaped and colorful patterns. , is obviously greatly influenced by the Miaodigou type of the Yangshao Culture."
"In the north and northwest shores of Dongting Lake in the lower reaches, the remains of this type have a different proportion of sand and pottery. Larger, reddish-brown black leather pottery and white pottery also account for a certain amount, with distinctive pottery jars with plate mouths and rims. and cylindrical round-bottom jars. ”
“There are few ring-shaped pots and painted pottery cylindrical jars. Only a few of them have been found. They are characterized by whole-body decorative prints and carved patterns, as well as swirl patterns and modified curling patterns. It is also unique. So far, no signs of influence from Miaodigou type painted pottery have been found.”
“That’s it. That’s interesting.” Zhou Zhi pondered: “The Sanyuan Palace type is downstream of the Daxi type and is closer to the Yangshao culture. As a result, the Daxi culture has integrated the influence of foreign cultures. The Sanyuan Palace type is closer. But it retains more Daxi characteristics and is not affected by Yangshao? ”
"Actually, I am more inclined to think that the Sanyuan Palace type is another independent primitive culture type that is strongly influenced by Daxi." Sheng Zhaoming has his own opinion: "It is not the most authentic birthplace of Daxi culture, but it is the most authentic. An independent place of preservation, when Daxi culture gradually integrated into other cultures, it still maintained its relative independence."
" There are many such examples in history. "Zhou Zhi said: "For example, in the Song Dynasty, the Tibetan people around the Central Plains Dynasty were often divided into raw Tibetan people and cooked Tibetans."
"Shufan Tibetan people are the earliest native cultural tribe. , because of their strength in the region, were recognized by the royal power of the Central Plains, had the most exchanges with the Central Plains dynasties, received the greatest influence, and eventually became familiar tribes; and those Although it is closer to the Central Plains, the small tribes that do not receive the benefits of the central dynasty due to insufficient cards are still living in Tibet."
"If there is nothing new in the history books, your reasoning is also true. Sheng Zhaoming believes that Zhou Zhi is right: "Judging from the unearthed artifacts, the relationship between Daxi culture and other cultures should be the relationship between the culture and the downstream. The Jialing Culture, the Qingliangang Culture and the Hemudu Culture further downstream all have factors of mutual exchange and influence. "The Daxi Culture and the Yangshao Culture both have similar shapes, but each has its own system of folded basins and convergent mouths. Pottery bowls and small-necked jars reflect the shapes and styles of utensils popular in the north and south during the same period. ”
"On the other hand, for example, the pottery beans, bowls, and cylindrical bottle-type thin and tall vessel bases found in the early 1st and 2nd phases of Xiawanggang in Xichuan are products influenced by the Daxi culture;"
< br>"And those found in Daxi, Guanmiao Mountain, Honghuatao and other places Painted pottery pots with dot hook leaf patterns and petal patterns, painted pottery bowls with hanging silk patterns, and double-layered small pointed bottom bottle pieces are physical examples of the southward influence of the Miaodigou type of Yangshao culture."
“The craftsmanship of these pottery is already quite high. It's high." Zhou Zhi picked up a fine clay pottery curved cup that still needs to be repaired: "This one is only about a millimeter, right? It's also painted in red, and the pattern combines stripes and swirls. It can be regarded as a work of art."
“What is the firing temperature? It’s over 800 degrees.”
“You also have research on Neolithic pottery?” Sheng Zhaoming was a little surprised: “Why don’t you stay a little longer, I’m a little busy at this time... …”
Zhou Zhi was so frightened that he waved his hands repeatedly: "No, no, I have studied more about porcelain, but ceramics are not divided into families. If the thin-bodied painted pottery is fired like this, the level is not low."
"It's just better than the Qu family. The high-temperature black-glazed eggshell pottery unearthed from Ling is still inferior," Zhou Zhi continued.
Eggshell pottery is an important feature of Longshan culture. The hollow processing of the pottery cup is only 0.2 millimeters thin, reaching a superb level.
However, at the Qujialing site in the lower reaches of Daxi, an eggshell pottery cup of high-temperature black glazed pottery was discovered. It is the earliest high-temperature black glazed technology discovered in China so far.
“Your estimate is almost all right.” Sheng Zhaoming expressed his admiration for Zhou Zhi: “We found a relatively well-preserved kiln site at the Huachenggang site, which consisted of a slope-shaped fire channel, a fire chamber and a smoke outlet. Partially composed. The lower half of the fire chamber is dug into the raw material. In the soil, the upper part is made of large pieces of red-fired earth. There is no kiln on the fire chamber. There is a platform around the inside of the kiln wall for placing pottery blanks. After we copied and tested it, we found that the firing temperature was between 750 degrees and 880 degrees. between.”
"So the Qujialing culture should actually be where the Daxi culture developed?" Zhou Zhi asked.
Because the locations of the two cultures are very close, and the cultural characteristics are greatly integrated, the technical level of Qujialing culture is higher than that of Daxi culture, so it is easy for people to have Zhou Zhizhi. idea.
“Well, that’s not necessarily the case.” Sheng Zhaoming said: “After all, the two cultures have existed for a very long time. It is entirely possible that they developed independently first and then influenced each other.”
“You can’t just look at the origins of two cultures Time depends more on their duration. Although the Qujialing culture appeared later than the Daxi culture, they have coexisted for nearly a thousand years. It is normal for one to overtake the other. "
(End of this chapter)